c 2 water security

Question 1

what are the two contrasting opinions on water supply?

Answer 1

1. human right: affordable,available and safe water should by available to all
2. human need: basic needs best supplied my market mechanisms

Question 2

Did Did UNMDGs successfully improve access to water and sanitation?

Answer 2

No- 15% of global population don’t have safe water, 25% don’t have clean sanitation

Question 3

what is ‘peak water’

Answer 3

the growing constraints on the availability, quality, and use of freshwater resources.

Question 4

what of the fundamental cause of water inequality, and what are the tree main influencing factors?

Answer 4

fundamental cause- unequal supply .

1. physical distribution
2. raised demand vs diminishing supplies
3. availability gap

Question 5

what causes unequal distribution of water?

Answer 5

1. distribution mismatch (60% of supplies is in 10 countries 66% of the world’s population receive 25% of rainfall.)
2. physical factors Eg temp, precipitation belts
3. level of development.

Question 6

why is water demand rising (4 reasons + explanations)?

Answer 6

1. population growth: 10 billion by 2050
2. rising living standards: higher meat consumption and domestic use, consumerism as countries develop
3. economic growth increases demand in all economic sectors. fracking has high water demand.
4. irrigated farming: l agriculture accounts 70% of usage. irrigation can lead to drought and ecosystem damage

Question 7

why is groundwater supply diminishing. (main concept and 5 reasons) ?

Answer 7

main concept: withdrawal is faster then replenishing

1. irrigation
2. poor regulation on usage leading to over aberration
3. climate change induced drought.
4. Pollution
5. competing users

Question 8

what is the water availability gap?

(main concept plus factors)

Answer 8

main concept: haves (developed) vs have nots (developing contries)

1. developed countries uses 10 times more water per head then developing contries
2. developed countries uses more virtual water

Question 9

what is virtual water?

Answer 9

hidden flow of water when food and other commodities are traded.

Question 10

what is water venerability and water stress, and what are future predictions

Answer 10

venerability: less than 2500 meter squared per capita
over 4 billion by 2025
definition: less than 1700 meter squared per capita
how manny: 4 billion by 2050