C Flashcards
What is the 1st Amendment?
Protects freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
What is the 14th Amendment?
Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law
What is the 4th Amendment?
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the ‘Free Exercise Clause’?
Prohibits the government from interfering with religious practices
What is the Miranda Rule?
Requires police to inform suspects of their rights before questioning
What is the nationalization of the Bill of Rights?
Application of the Bill of Rights’ protections to state and local governments
What is ‘prior restraint’?
The right to stop spoken or printed expression in advance
What is procedural due process?
Addresses the manner in which the law is carried out
What is the 2nd Amendment?
Protects an individual’s right to possess a firearm
What is ‘selective incorporation’?
State laws must adhere to selective Bill of Rights provisions
What is the ‘separate but equal doctrine’?
Legal doctrine that allowed racial segregation with supposedly equal opportunities
What is the 6th Amendment?
Guarantees the right to a speedy trial
What is substantive due process?
Requires the government to create fair policies and laws
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Banned literacy tests and empowered federal oversight of voter registration
Fill in the blank: The 1st Amendment protects freedoms of _______.
religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
True or False: The 4th Amendment allows for unreasonable searches.
False
Fill in the blank: The Miranda Rule requires police to read rights to a ______ before questioning.
suspect
What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?
Equal protection under the law
True or False: The 2nd Amendment is about the right to free speech.
False
What is Affirmative Action?
The label placed on institutional efforts to diversify by race, gender, or otherwise.
What does the Bill of Rights refer to?
The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
Define Civil Liberties.
Protections of citizens’ thoughts, beliefs, opinions, and their right to express them.
What are Civil Rights?
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Legislation that prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What is the Clear-and-present danger doctrine?
A test to determine whether speech is protected or unprotected.
What is De facto segregation?
The separation of people into groups by fact, rather than by law.
What is De jure segregation?
The legal separation of people into groups based on race, religion, gender, or age.
What does the Due Process Clause ensure?
Fair procedures when the government burdens or deprives an individual.
What does the 8th Amendment protect against?
Excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
Prohibits state governments from denying persons within their jurisdiction equal protection of the laws.
What does the Establishment Clause prohibit?
Laws respecting an establishment of religion.
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
A legal principle that excludes evidence obtained in violation of a defendant’s constitutional rights.
Fill in the blank: The 5th Amendment includes protections against _______.
grand jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, due process.
