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U.S History > C. 18- Progressive Era > Flashcards

C. 18- Progressive Era Flashcards

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1
Q

What tragic event and subsequent change in power symbolized America’s transition into what historians call the Progressive Era?

A

the assassination of Pres. McKinley & the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt

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2
Q

Define progressivism.

A

ideological movement of the early 20th century that wanted political & social reform

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3
Q

What were the motives of the “moral” progressives?

A

justice for the abuses being done

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4
Q

What were the motives of the “evolutionary” progressives?

A

man has been evolving & should continue to improve & progress

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5
Q

List the 3 general principles of reform supported by most progressives.

A

1) promoting direct democracy
2) increasing government efficiency
3) advocating government intervention

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6
Q

How did the use of the secret ballot improve America’s electoral process?

A

less peer pressure, people didn’t have to be afraid of “political bosses” telling them they picked the wrong one, corrupt politicians couldn’t be sure if the votes they bought were actually cast

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7
Q

How did direct primaries change the nomination process within America’s political parties?

A

it gave more power to the people instead of party bosses

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8
Q

What is the difference between an initiative and a referendum?

A

initiative- voters initiate legislation by presenting petitions to their legislature
referendum- people vote yes or no in a regular election to determine if a law should be passed

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9
Q

Under what form of municipal government does a city council hire a qualified administrator to run the city?

A

city manager

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10
Q

What is it called when the civil government steps in to break up a business monopoly in order to restore competition to the marketplace

A

“trust-busting”

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11
Q

What was “gas and water socialism” and does it still exist today?

A

it gave the control of utilities like gas & water to the government; yes

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12
Q

List the various pieces of reform legislation supported by progressives in hopes of helping the working man.

A

minimum wage levels, prohibiting child labor, daily work hour limit, safety regulations for factories

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13
Q

Summarize the idea of the government intervention into business that started the Progressive Era.

A

Progressives thought of government convention as an extension to the idea of direct democracy. The people control the government, so therefore, the government is controlled by the popular vote. Eventually people realized that the popular vote was harder to come by then previously thought. And the most startling thought, maybe the government would become the worst monopoly of them all.

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14
Q

What did the 16th Amendment do?

A

the income tax, any income one receives he must pay taxes on

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15
Q

What did the 17th Amendment do?

A

the direct election of U.S. Senators

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16
Q

What did the 18th Amendment do?

A

prohibition- banned the sale, transport, or manufacture of alcoholic beverages

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17
Q

Why did Progressives support Prohibition?

A

it was a way to end major social problems

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18
Q

Who was the leading Christian voice in support of Prohibition?

A

Billy Sunday

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19
Q

What did the 19th Amendment do?

A

granted women the right to vote

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20
Q

What is the right to vote called?

A

suffrage

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21
Q

Who was the main crusader for women’s suffrage?

A

Susan B. Anthony

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22
Q

What term referred to Progressive writers who exposed abuse and corruption?

A

Muckrakers

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23
Q

Who were the leaders of the progressive wings of the Democratic and Republican parties?

A

William Jennings Bryan- D

Robert La Follelte-R

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24
Q

Who was Eugene Debs?

A

Former head of American Railway Union

25
Q

Who were the 3 progressive era presidents and their political parties?

A

Theodore Roosevelt- R
William Howard Taft- R
Woodrow Wilson- D

26
Q

What theme did Theodore Roosevelt adopt during the 1904 presidential campaign?

A

Square deal

27
Q

What nickname was President Teddy Roosevelt given after he launched his attack on the abuses of corporate trusts by reviving the Sherman Antitrust Act?

A

Trust-buster

28
Q

Who was the author of “The Jungle” and what was the subject and impact of his book?

A

Upton Sinclair, graphic portrayal if the filthy conditions in Chicago’s meat-packing plants; passage of the pure food & drug act and the meat inspection act

29
Q

What was most significant about the coal miners’ strike of 1902?

A

1st case of federal gov. Acting on the mediator on labor dispute

30
Q

What was the result of the Reclamation Act of 1902?

A

Set aside 100 million acres for national forests

31
Q

What is the name for discriminatory laws in the South that segregated the races and what are three examples of these laws?

A

Jim Crow Laws; bathrooms, drinking fountains, buses

32
Q

What Supreme Court case helped to make discriminatory laws possible?

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

33
Q

What conservative black leader wrote “Up From Slavery”?

A

Booker T. Washington

34
Q

What black leader cofounded the NAACP?

A

WEB Du Bois

35
Q

What was Teddy Roosevelt’s famous saying describing his foreign policy as president?

A

Speak softly and carry a big stick

36
Q

What massive engineering and construction endeavor was was of Theodore Roosevelt’s favorite projects as president?

A

Panama Canal

37
Q

What did the Roosevelt Corollary state regarding America’s international role, especially regarding Latin America?

A

US would act like a policeman to keep Latin American nations in line

38
Q

Roosevelt helped to negotiate peace between what 2 warring nations and what award did he win as a result of these diplomatic efforts?

A

Japan & Russia; treaty

39
Q

What did Roosevelt’s “battleship democracy” lead to?

A

Root-takahira Agreement

40
Q

What popular reform regarding Congress took place during Willaim. Howard Taft’s administration?

A

“Bill lowering the tariff”

41
Q

What Speaker of the House was seen by many as a dictator?

A

Joseph Cannon

42
Q

An antitrust suit against what company resulted in a final split between Taft and Roosevelt?

A

U.S Steel

43
Q

What was “dollar diplomacy” and with what president is it associated?

A

Taft’s influence foreign affairs through the investment of money in foreign countries

44
Q

What was Roosevelt’s platform called when he ran for president as a Progressive Independent in 1912?

A

New Nationalism

45
Q

Why was Woodrow Wilson able to win the election?

A

Won more electoral votes because the Republican Party was split

46
Q

Why did Congress pass it’s first income tax in 1913?

A

Able to achieve 1st genuine tariff reform

47
Q

What did the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 do and who was president when it passed?

A

Wilson; divided into 2 banking districts, each served by a private regional FRBank

48
Q

What reform measure has been called the “Magna Carta Labor”?

A

Clayton Antitrust Act

49
Q

What new federal agency created during the Wilson administration represented the progressive tendency as the solution to society’s problems?

A

Federal Trade Commission Act

50
Q

List the accomplishments of Henry Ford?

A

Automobile (“horseless carriage”), assembly line

51
Q

Where and in what date did the Wright brothers take flight?

A

Dec. 17, 1903; Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

52
Q

What black professor was one of the leaders in southern agriculture during and after the Progressive Era and his most significant discoveries had to do with what plant?

A

George Washington Carver; peanut

53
Q

What was the most significant agricultural advance during the Progressive Era?

A

Tractor

54
Q

What famous hospital was started in Minnesota during the progressive era?

A

Mayo Clinic & John Hopkins (Baltimore)

55
Q

What theological movement attempted to apply Darwinian evolution to Christianity and what was the result?

A

Modernism; a system of beliefs that was anti-Christianity

56
Q

Who was the leading advocate of the “social gospel”?

A

Walter Rauschenbusch

57
Q

List 3 response to the attack on Biblical Christian faith during the Progressive Era.

A

Bible institute, bible conferences, continuing of urban revivals

58
Q

ESSAY: (150 word minimum). Discuss progressive education-it’s history, leader, methodology, shortcomings, philosophy, and results.

A
  • 1920s to early 1950s
  • in general, it related learning to child’s interest
  • leader was John Dewey who was also a major leader in the philosophy: secular humanism
  • they emphasized that they were teaching students not subjects
  • education should be based on experience not memorization so field trips & lab experiments Were added
  • some things (like multiplication table) had to be learned even though they weren’t interesting
  • public didn’t like the progressives’ results-orientated standard

U.S History (2 decks)

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