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Biomed Vocabulary > C > Flashcards

C Flashcards

1
Q

Cyto

A

Cell

Cytolysis is cell breakdown

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Anything within the cell between the outer cell membrane and the nucleus.

ie: All the cell contents excluding the membrane and the nucleus

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3
Q

Cytosis

A

When there is more of the cell than there should be

leukocytosis - a high white blood cell count

Exocytosis – movement of molecules through the cells

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4
Q

Cerebro

A

Cerebrum/Brain

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5
Q

Columnar

A

Cells that are taller than they are wide.

eg: columnar epithelium

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6
Q

Chyme

A

Partially digested food

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7
Q

Conjugation

A

Join together

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8
Q

Chondrium

A

Ribs

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9
Q

Cis

A

Same side

As in Cis Fats were the H molecules are on the same side of the C molecule

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10
Q

Chondrol

A

Cartilage

Chondrocyte is a cartilage cell

Subchondrol - the area below the cartilage on the bone

Endochondrol - A form of bone formation that occurs by replacing highline cartilage.

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11
Q

Cortico

A

Cortex/external covering

Renal cortex is an outer part of the kidney.

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12
Q

Cysto

A

Refers to pancreas

Cystic fibrosis - Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs causing breathing problems and mucus also clogs the pancreas (the organ that helps with digestion), which stops enzymes reaching food in the gut and helping with digestion.

Cholecystokinin - triggers your gallbladder and pancreas to contract and move bile to the pancreas
Chole - bile/gallbladder
cysto- pancreas
Kinin - move

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13
Q

Calcitonin

A

A thyroid hormone for calcium regulation in the blood and bone health

Calcitonin opposes the actions of the parathyroid hormone, which is a hormone that increases your blood calcium levels.

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14
Q

Calcitriol

A

Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney.

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15
Q

Callus

A

Mass of tissue

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16
Q

Conche

A

Shell

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17
Q

Carina

A

Ridge

Where the trachea divide into two bronchi an internal bridge called Carina is formed. It’s the coughing reflex.

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18
Q

Cleid

A

Clavicle

Sternocleidomatoid

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19
Q

Crine

A

To secrete

Exocrine - duct to surface area
Endocrine - to blood

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20
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue

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21
Q

Chromic

A

Colour

Hypochromic - low colour

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22
Q

CRP

A

C reactive protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance the liver produces in response to inflammation.

A high level of CRP in the blood can be a marker of inflammation. A wide variety of conditions can cause it, from an infection to cancer.

High CRP levels can also indicate that there’s inflammation in the arteries of the heart, which can mean a higher risk of heart attack.

However, the CRP test is an extremely nonspecific test. CRP levels can be elevated in many inflammatory conditions.

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23
Q

Calculus

A

Stone

Salivary calculi - stone formation in salivary gland’s

Renal calculi - kidney stones

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24
Q

Callus

A

Mass of tissue

25
Q

Canche

A

Shell

26
Q

Carina

A

Ridge

Where the trachea divides into two bronchi an internal region called the Carina is formed

27
Q

Cleid

A

Clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid bone

28
Q

Crine

A

To secrete

Exocrine glands secrete into a duct

Endocrine glands secrete into the blood

29
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue coloration to the skin

30
Q

Chromic

A

Colour

Hypochromic – low colour

31
Q

CRP

A

C Reactive protein

Measure of inflammation

32
Q

Calculus

A

Stone

Renal calculi – kidney stones
Salivary calculi – stone formation in the saliva re glands

33
Q

Creatinine

A

The end product of muscle metabolism

34
Q

Convoluted

A

Twisted

Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule in the urinary system

35
Q

Colloid

A

Protein

Colloid osmotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin

36
Q

Calyx

A

Cup

E.g. a major and minor callyses.
Urine inflows into these cups from the renal pyramids

37
Q

Cyst

A

In latin this means bladder. Hence cystitis which is a bladder infection.

It’s also defined as a fluid filled sac

38
Q

Colic

A

Gripping pain

E.g: ureteric colic equals pain in the uterus

39
Q

Corpus

A

Mass

Corpus luteum – mass of yellow

40
Q

Chole/choley

A

Refers to cholesterol or the gallbladder.

Why? Cholesterol is found in bile. Bile is found in the gallbladder

Cholecystokinin - this hormone triggers your gallbladder and pancreas to contract and move bile to the pancreas
Chole - bile/gallbladder
cysto- pancreas
Kinin - move

41
Q

Chorion

A

The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles ( amniotes ).

Human chorionic Gonadatropin Is a hormone released by the Corpus Luteum to maintain it in the first 8 weeks after ovulation

42
Q

Catalyse

A

To accelerate a chemical reaction

43
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

44
Q

Chorea

A

From choreography. Means to dance.

In Huntington’s disease this is what we describe as the jerky movements

45
Q

Dendrites

A

Little trees

  • Think what Dentdrites on a neuron look like.
  • The receiving portion of the neuron
46
Q

De

A

Remove all

E.g. demyelination

47
Q

Cephal

Cephalus

A

Cephal = Brain

Cephalus = head

Diencephalon = across + brain

Hydrocephalus = water in the head (accumulation of CSF)

48
Q

Cerebellum

A

= little brain

Although the cerebellum is literally translated as little brain, it holds half of the 100 billion neurons in the brain and the majority of interneurons.

The cerebellum is most directly involved in coordinating voluntary movements. It is also responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture.

49
Q

Cochlear

A

= hearing

The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve 8 ) is involved in hearing and balance,

50
Q

Cauda

A

= tail

Caudus Equina translates as horses tail. It consist of the spinal nerves that continue beyond the Conus, which is at L2. It has a tail like appearance.

51
Q

Choroid plexus

A

The choroid plexus is a thin structure that lines the inner surface of the ventricles of the brain and produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

52
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise

53
Q

Cervico

A

Neck

Cervicogenic - origin of the neck.

Cervicogenic is a type of headache that originates at the neck.

54
Q

Clonic

A

involuntary muscle contraction

A clonic phase of a grand mal epileptic seizure is the rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles causing convulsion. It ranges from exaggerated twitches to violent shaking.

As opposed to the ‘tonic ‘ phase when you get contraction of all the body muscles leading to falling down if you are standing or sitting

55
Q

Cutaneous

A

Of the skin

56
Q

Complement system

A

A defensive system made of over 30 proteins produced by the liver

57
Q

Chemo

A

Chemical

Chemotaxis translates to chemical order or chemical attraction.

Chemotaxis is the release of chemicals by microbes, leucocytes, damage tissue, and by activated complement that attracts phagocytes

58
Q

Clonal

A

A group of identical cells that share a common ancestry

Clonal selection, produces multiple cytotoxic, memory and helper T cells

59
Q

Calcitriol Vs Calcitonin

A

Calcitonin and calcitriol are both hormones that affect calcium levels.

Calcitriol, a hormone, that’s also known as active vitamin D, helps increase blood calcium levels.
- it improves absorption of calcium from the GIT into the blood
- it prevents calcium loss from the kidneys
- released by the parathyroid gland

Calcitonin helps decrease blood calcium levels by blocking the breakdown of bone calcium and preventing kidneys from reabsorbing calcium. In other words, encourages calcium loss from the kidneys.

Biomed Vocabulary (21 decks)

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