C Flashcards

1
Q

Cyto

A

Cell

Cytolysis is cell breakdown

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Anything within the cell between the outer cell membrane and the nucleus.

ie: All the cell contents excluding the membrane and the nucleus

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3
Q

Cytosis

A

When there is more of the cell than there should be

leukocytosis - a high white blood cell count

Exocytosis – movement of molecules through the cells

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4
Q

Cerebro

A

Cerebrum/Brain

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5
Q

Columnar

A

Cells that are taller than they are wide.

eg: columnar epithelium

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6
Q

Chyme

A

Partially digested food

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7
Q

Conjugation

A

Join together

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8
Q

Chondrium

A

Ribs

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9
Q

Cis

A

Same side

As in Cis Fats were the H molecules are on the same side of the C molecule

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10
Q

Chondrol

A

Cartilage

Chondrocyte is a cartilage cell

Subchondrol - the area below the cartilage on the bone

Endochondrol - A form of bone formation that occurs by replacing highline cartilage.

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11
Q

Cortico

A

Cortex/external covering

Renal cortex is an outer part of the kidney.

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12
Q

Cysto

A

Refers to pancreas

Cystic fibrosis - Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs causing breathing problems and mucus also clogs the pancreas (the organ that helps with digestion), which stops enzymes reaching food in the gut and helping with digestion.

Cholecystokinin - triggers your gallbladder and pancreas to contract and move bile to the pancreas
Chole - bile/gallbladder
cysto- pancreas
Kinin - move

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13
Q

Calcitonin

A

A thyroid hormone for calcium regulation in the blood and bone health

Calcitonin opposes the actions of the parathyroid hormone, which is a hormone that increases your blood calcium levels.

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14
Q

Calcitriol

A

Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney.

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15
Q

Callus

A

Mass of tissue

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16
Q

Conche

A

Shell

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17
Q

Carina

A

Ridge

Where the trachea divide into two bronchi an internal bridge called Carina is formed. It’s the coughing reflex.

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18
Q

Cleid

A

Clavicle

Sternocleidomatoid

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19
Q

Crine

A

To secrete

Exocrine - duct to surface area
Endocrine - to blood

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20
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue

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21
Q

Chromic

A

Colour

Hypochromic - low colour

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22
Q

CRP

A

C reactive protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance the liver produces in response to inflammation.

A high level of CRP in the blood can be a marker of inflammation. A wide variety of conditions can cause it, from an infection to cancer.

High CRP levels can also indicate that there’s inflammation in the arteries of the heart, which can mean a higher risk of heart attack.

However, the CRP test is an extremely nonspecific test. CRP levels can be elevated in many inflammatory conditions.

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23
Q

Calculus

A

Stone

Salivary calculi - stone formation in salivary gland’s

Renal calculi - kidney stones

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24
Q

Callus

A

Mass of tissue

25
Canche
Shell
26
Carina
Ridge Where the trachea divides into two bronchi an internal region called the Carina is formed
27
Cleid
Clavicle Sternocleidomastoid bone
28
Crine
To secrete Exocrine glands secrete into a duct Endocrine glands secrete into the blood
29
Cyanosis
Blue coloration to the skin
30
Chromic
Colour Hypochromic – low colour
31
CRP
C Reactive protein Measure of inflammation
32
Calculus
Stone Renal calculi – kidney stones Salivary calculi – stone formation in the saliva re glands
33
Creatinine
The end product of muscle metabolism
34
Convoluted
Twisted Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule in the urinary system
35
Colloid
Protein Colloid osmotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin
36
Calyx
Cup E.g. a major and minor callyses. Urine inflows into these cups from the renal pyramids
37
Cyst
In latin this means bladder. Hence cystitis which is a bladder infection. It’s also defined as a fluid filled sac
38
Colic
Gripping pain E.g: ureteric colic equals pain in the uterus
39
Corpus
Mass Corpus luteum – mass of yellow
40
Chole/choley
Refers to cholesterol or the gallbladder. Why? Cholesterol is found in bile. Bile is found in the gallbladder Cholecystokinin - this hormone triggers your gallbladder and pancreas to contract and move bile to the pancreas Chole - bile/gallbladder cysto- pancreas Kinin - move
41
Chorion
The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles ( amniotes ). Human chorionic Gonadatropin Is a hormone released by the Corpus Luteum to maintain it in the first 8 weeks after ovulation
42
Catalyse
To accelerate a chemical reaction
43
Carpal
Wrist
44
Chorea
From choreography. Means to dance. In Huntington’s disease this is what we describe as the jerky movements
45
Dendrites
Little trees - Think what Dentdrites on a neuron look like. - The receiving portion of the neuron
46
De
Remove all E.g. demyelination
47
Cephal Cephalus
Cephal = Brain Cephalus = head Diencephalon = across + brain Hydrocephalus = water in the head (accumulation of CSF)
48
Cerebellum
= little brain Although the cerebellum is literally translated as little brain, it holds half of the 100 billion neurons in the brain and the majority of interneurons. The cerebellum is most directly involved in coordinating voluntary movements. It is also responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture.
49
Cochlear
= hearing The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve 8 ) is involved in hearing and balance,
50
Cauda
= tail Caudus Equina translates as horses tail. It consist of the spinal nerves that continue beyond the Conus, which is at L2. It has a tail like appearance.
51
Choroid plexus
The choroid plexus is a thin structure that lines the inner surface of the ventricles of the brain and produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
52
Contusion
Bruise
53
Cervico
Neck Cervicogenic - origin of the neck. Cervicogenic is a type of headache that originates at the neck.
54
Clonic
involuntary muscle contraction A clonic phase of a grand mal epileptic seizure is the rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles causing convulsion. It ranges from exaggerated twitches to violent shaking. As opposed to the ‘tonic ‘ phase when you get contraction of all the body muscles leading to falling down if you are standing or sitting
55
Cutaneous
Of the skin
56
Complement system
A defensive system made of over 30 proteins produced by the liver
57
Chemo
Chemical Chemotaxis translates to chemical order or chemical attraction. Chemotaxis is the release of chemicals by microbes, leucocytes, damage tissue, and by activated complement that attracts phagocytes
58
Clonal
A group of identical cells that share a common ancestry Clonal selection, produces multiple cytotoxic, memory and helper T cells
59
Calcitriol Vs Calcitonin
Calcitonin and calcitriol are both hormones that affect calcium levels. Calcitriol, a hormone, that’s also known as active vitamin D, helps increase blood calcium levels. - it improves absorption of calcium from the GIT into the blood - it prevents calcium loss from the kidneys - released by the parathyroid gland Calcitonin helps decrease blood calcium levels by blocking the breakdown of bone calcium and preventing kidneys from reabsorbing calcium. In other words, encourages calcium loss from the kidneys.