C/1 Flashcards
1
Q
CALCULATED
A
CALCULATED
—adjective
- arrived at or determined by mathematical calculation; ascertained mathematically.
- carefully thought out or planned:
a calculated effort.
- If you take a calculated risk, you do something which you think might be successful, although you have fully considered the possible bad consequences of your action. The president took a calculated political risk in throwing his full support behind the rebels.
SYNONYM
adjective: figured by mathematical calculation
determined computed estimated figured reckoned tallied
2
Q
CAPTIVATE
A
CAPTIVATE
—verb (used with object), cap·ti·vat·ed, cap·ti·vat·ing.
- to attract and hold the attention or interest of, as by beauty or excellence; enchant:
~Her blue eyes and red hair captivated him.
SYNONYM
verb: attract, enchant
beguile bewitch charm dazzle delight enrapture entertain enthrall fascinate gratify grip hypnotize infatuate intrigue mesmerize please seduce allure draw enamour enslave ensnare entrance hold hook lure magnetize spellbind take vamp win make a hit with rope in sweep off one's feet turn one on
3
Q
CATALYST
A
CATALYST
noun: something which incites activity
* You can describe a person or thing that causes a change or event to happen as a catalyst . I very much hope that this case will prove to be a catalyst for change.
SYNONYM
impetus incentive motivation stimulant adjuvant agitator enzyme goad impulse incendiary incitation incitement reactant reactionary spur synergist radical stimulus spark plug wave maker
4
Q
CERTAIN
A
CERTAIN
- adjective: confident
- phrase
1. If you know something for certain, you have no doubt at all about it. She couldn’t know what time he’d go, or even for certain that he’d go at all.
2. IF you make certain that something is the way you want or expect it to be, you take action to ensure that it is. Parents should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework
SYNONYM
convinced positive sure assertive assured believing calm cocksure questionless sanguine satisfied secure self-confident unconcerned undisturbed undoubtful undoubting unperturbed untroubled
5
Q
CERTAINTY
A
CERTAINTY
—noun, plural cer·tain·ties.
- the state of being certain.
- something certain; an assured fact.
—Idioms
for/of a certainty,certainly; without a doubt:
I suspect it, but I don’t know it for a certainty.
SYNONYM
noun: positive assurance
confidence inevitability trust belief certitude cinch conviction credence definiteness dogmatism faith firmness lock lockup positiveness positivism setup shoo-in staunchness steadiness stock store sureness surety validity all sewn up authoritativeness indubitableness open and shut case rain or shine sure bet sure thing surefire wrap-up
6
Q
CHALLENGE
A
CHALLENGE
- noun: dispute, question
- A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination. The new government’s first challenge is the economy.
- If someone rises to the challenge, they act in response to a difficult situation which is new to them and are successful. The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities.
SYNONYM
objection protest test threat claiming confrontation dare defiance demanding demur interrogation provocation remonstrance trial ultimatum summons to contest
7
Q
CHAOTIC
A
CHAOTIC
—adjective
- completely confused or disordered:
~a chaotic mass of books and papers.
SYNONYM
adjective: utterly confused
anarchic disorganized helter-skelter lawless tumultuous turbulent deranged disordered every which way harum-scarum purposeless rampageous riotous topsy-turvy turbid uncontrolled
8
Q
CHARACTERIZE
A
CHARACTERIZE
- verb: typify, distinguish
- If something is characterized by a particular feature or quality, that feature or quality is an obvious part of it. This election campaign has been characterized by violence.
- If you characterize someone or something as a particular thing, you describe them as that thing. Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.
define describe identify indicate mark outline portray represent symbolize brand constitute delineate designate differentiate discriminate feature individualize individuate inform peg personalize pigeonhole signalize singularize
9
Q
CHRONIC
A
CHRONIC
—adjective
- constant; habitual; inveterate:
~a chronic liar. - continuing a long time or recurring frequently:
~a chronic state of civil war. - having long had a disease, habit, weakness, or the like:
~a chronic invalid. - (of a disease) having long duration (opposed to acute).
SYNONYM
adjective: incessant, never-ending
constant continual continuing continuous deep-rooted deep-seated habitual incurable lifelong lingering persistent protracted recurrent recurring sustained abiding ceaseless confirmed enduring ever-present fixed inborn inbred ineradicable ingrained inveterate lasting long-lived long-standing obstinate perennial persisting prolonged rooted routine settled stubborn tenacious unabating unmitigated unyielding usual
10
Q
CIRCUMSTANCE
A
CIRCUMSTANCE
- noun: situation, condition
- Your circumstances are the conditions of your life, especially the amount of money that you have. …help and support for the single mother, whatever her circumstances.
- You can emphasize that something must not or will not happen by saying that it must not or will not happen under any circumstances . Racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances.
SYNONYM
accident action case cause coincidence crisis detail event fact factor fate incident matter occurrence status thing time adjunct affair article concern contingency destiny doom element episode exigency feature fortuity go happening
11
Q
CIRCUMVENT
A
CIRCUMVENT
—verb (used with object)
- to go around or bypass:
~to circumvent the lake; to circumvent the real issues. - to avoid (defeat, failure, unpleasantness, etc.) by artfulness or deception; avoid by anticipating or outwitting:
~He circumvented capture by anticipating their movements. - to surround or encompass, as by stratagem; entrap:
~to circumvent a body of enemy troops.
SYNONYM
verb: fool, mislead
avoid bypass deceive evade prevent sidestep skirt stymie thwart beat beguile bilk circumnavigate cramp crimp detour disappoint dodge dupe elude ensnare entrap escape foil frustrate hoodwink outflank outwit overreach queer ruin shun stump trick get around stave off steer clear of ward off
12
Q
CIRCUMNAVIGATE
A
CIRCUMNAVIGATE
—verb (used with object), cir·cum·nav·i·gat·ed, cir·cum·nav·i·gat·ing.
- to sail or fly around; make the circuit of by navigation:
~to circumnavigate the earth. - to go or maneuver around:
~to circumnavigate the heavy downtown traffic.
SYNONYM
verb: go around
bypass circle circumvent compass skirt move around travel around
13
Q
CIVIL
A
CIVIL
—adjective
- of, relating to, or consisting of citizens:
~civil life; civil society. - of the commonwealth or state:
~civil affairs. - of citizens in their ordinary capacity, or of the ordinary life and affairs of citizens, as distinguished from military and ecclesiastical life and affairs.
of the citizen as an individual:
~civil liberty. - befitting a citizen:
~a civil duty. - of, or in a condition of, social order or organized government; civilized:
~civil peoples. - adhering to the norms of polite social intercourse; not deficient in common courtesy:
~After their disagreement, their relations were civil though not cordial. - marked by benevolence:
~He was a very civil sort, and we liked him immediately. - (of divisions of time) legally recognized in the ordinary affairs of life:
~the civil year. - of or relating to civil law.
SYNONYM
adjective: civic, community
civilian domestic governmental local national home interior municipal political public
14
Q
CLASH
A
CLASH
—verb (used without object)
- to make a loud, harsh noise:
~The gears of the old car clashed and grated. - to come together or collide, especially noisily:
~The cymbals clashed. - to conflict; disagree:
~Their stories of the accident clashed completely. - (of juxtaposed colors) to be offensive to the eye.
- to engage in a physical conflict or contest, as in a game or a battle (often followed by with):
~The Yankees clash with the White Sox for the final game of the season.
SYNONYM
noun: disagreement or fight, often brief
argument battle brawl conflict confrontation crash dispute encounter fracas melee misunderstanding rift riot showdown skirmish affray break broil brush bump collision concussion discord discordance disharmony
15
Q
CLASSIFIED
A
CLASSIFIED
—adjective
- arranged or distributed in classes or according to class:
~We plan to review all the classified specimens in the laboratory. - of or designating the part or parts of a publication that contain advertisements or lists arranged by category:
~Look under “plumbers” in the classified pages of the telephone book. He found a job for a “typist” in the classified section of the newspaper. - (of information, a document, etc.)
bearing the designation classified.
available only to authorized persons. - confidential or secret:
~The firm’s promotional budget for next year is classified information. - identified as belonging to a specific group or category, as one to which benefits or restrictions apply:
~Classified buildings are eligible for state-funded restoration. The bank has a list of classified customers to whom it will not make large loans
SYNONYM
adjective: top-secret
confidential
restricted
private
secret
16
Q
CLICHE
A
CLICHE
- noun
1. a trite, stereotyped expression; a sentence or phrase, usually expressing a popular or common thought or idea, that has lost originality, ingenuity, and impact by long overuse, as sadder but wiser, or strong as an ox.
2. A cliché is an idea or phrase which has been used so much that it is no longer interesting or effective or no longer has much meaning. I’ve learned that the cliché about life not being fair is true.
SYNONYM
noun: overused, hackneyed phrase
adage banality boiler plate bromide buzzword chestnut commonplace corn counterword familiar tune motto old story platitude potboiler prosaism proverb rubber stamp saying shibboleth slogan stale saying stereotype threadbare phrase trite remark triteness triviality truism vapid expression
17
Q
CODEPENDENT
A
CODEPENDENT
—adjective
of or relating to a relationship in which one person is physically or psychologically addicted, as to alcohol or gambling, and the other person is psychologically dependent on the first in an unhealthy way.
—noun
one who is codependent or in a codependent relationship.
**CODEPENDENCY
SYNONYM
adjective: unhealthy psychological reliance of one person on another
addicted attached hooked interconnected interdependent mutually dependent slavish trust unhealthy confidence
18
Q
CODEPENDENCY
A
CODEPENDENCY
- is a behavioral condition in a relationship where one person enables another person’s addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, irresponsibility, or under-achievement. Among the core characteristics of
- is an excessive reliance on other people for approval and a sense of identity.
19
Q
COGNITION
A
COGNITION
- noun
1. the act or process of knowing; perception.
2. the product of such a process; something thus known, perceived, etc.
3. knowledge.
** Cognition is the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. …processes of perception and cognition.
SYNONYM
noun: understanding
acknowledgment apprehension attention awareness cognizance comprehension discernment insight intelligence knowledge mind need note notice observance observation perception reasoning recognition regard percipience
20
Q
COGNITIVE
A
COGNITIVE
-adjective
- of or relating to cognition; concerned with the act or process of knowing, perceiving, etc. :
~cognitive development; cognitive functioning. - of or relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning, as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes.
SYNONYM
adjective: concerning the mind
emotional intellectual mental subjective cerebral experimental imaginary in the mind intellective psychical subconscious unconscious
21
Q
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
A
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
—noun Psychology.
- anxiety that results from simultaneously holding contradictory or otherwise incompatible attitudes, beliefs, or the like, as when one likes a person but disapproves strongly of one of his or her habits.
22
Q
COGNIZANT
A
COGNIZANT
- adjective
1. If someone is cognizant of something, they are aware of it or understand it. We are cognizant of the problem.
SYNONYM
adjective: aware
apprehensive conscious informed judicious knowledgeable observant
