By the Books Flashcards
What is a loaded patrol for fires?
Patrols during high fire danger time with a full crew and ready table. Ready to fight on sight. Used to identify fires and address them immediately
Define preclusion
Allows an officer to move to the appropriate level of control, based on the level of resistance faced. Allows officer to rule out lower levels of control which would be ineffective. Means officer doesn’t have to move up the control continuum 1 by 1.
What is the timeline on officer reports
Usually within 48 hours, no longer than 72 hours
Where can you legally shoot aquatic furbearers?
On land or in a trap (beaver, otter, muskrat)
What 3 elements must always be considered when using force
Level of resistance presented Threat assessment (weapon, intent, delivery system) Force variables
What is your conflict goal as CO?
Resolve all conflicts without the use of force, by gaining voluntary compliance
What must be signed before placing problem wildlife control tools on private property?
Livability release form/landowner agreement, as per the operational directive on livability release forms
How should disciplinary action be carried out?
Should be given as constructive criticism
Should be done in private
Should be done promptly
Effective management should eliminate the need for disciplinary action
What are the response options for every scenario
Disengage if there is no undue risk to others and officer can not control the scenario under current circumstances
Escalate is a lesser force option is not effective in gaining control / compliance and it is inappropriate to disengage
Deescalate once compliance has been achieved, and officer has control)
Communicate effectively at all time
Define reasonable grounds
A set of circumstances or conditions that would cause an ordinary individual to form a strong belief that goes beyond suspicion
What is the purpose of a prosecution report?
Provide prosecution data in a manner that can easily be inputted into a computer data base
When is it required to submit an officer report?
- hard empty hand or higher
- intermediate weapon displayed
- If the level of resistance displayed or used is assaultive or higher
- If medical treatment is required
Name 5 pieces of legislation that PPOs enforce
- Provincial Parks act
- Park Activity Regulations
- The Fisheries Act (Manitoba)
- Fishing Licensing Regulations
- The Fisheries Act (Canada)
- Manitoba Fishery Regulations
- Intoxicated Persons Detention Act
- Offroad Vehicles Act
What does LACES stand for
Lookout - watching fire and the weather & know what your crew is doing.
Anchor points - have they been established
Communication - are you in contact with your crew and others who can provide intelligence
Escape routes - have routes been identified? Are they walkable?
Safety zones - are they close enough, large enough and safe?
What is a ready table? What’s in it?
A fire fighting equipment box.
Pumps, hoses, hand tools, chainsaw. Everything needed when first getting to a fire
Define resistance
Any action that prohibits you from achieving your objective in the lawful execution of your duty
What is the main objective of a PPO
- Park Safety and security
- Provide a safe environment for all park users through an effective park enforcement program
List CO priorities
Public safety (provincial parks, human wildlife conflict, and dangerous hunting)
Wildfires (human and industry caused fires)
Ecosystem Protection (wildlife disease management, habitat protection, endangered species protection, resource management (timber, fish, wildlife)).
Define resistance
Any action by another person that hinders your objectives in the lawful execution of your duties
What 3 things must you do to justify force
Evaluate subjects actions
Understand your own options
Take all variables into account
What is the purpose of a seizure disposition?
To provide the courts with a system to track seizures.
What is a green book (set fine book) used for?
- Short wording of offences
- Set fine amounts
- Quick reference to section numbers
What is the primary act that guides the COS
Conservation Officer Act
What guides CO search and rescue procedures
Search and rescue operational guideline. The department can provide reasonable assistance in the form of manpower and equipment
What is the purpose of the conservative officer act?
Establish a service whose members
A)enforce acts respecting NRs, fish, wildlife, protected areas and environmental protections
B) preserve and enhance public safety
What is survival reaction time
The time it takes to analyze, evaluate, plan and act
When can an officer use lethal force?
When she has reasonable grounds to believe that she, or another, is at risk of GBH or death
Under which 3 circumstances is an officer protected from liability?
1) acting within lawful duties
2) actions are necessary reasonable grounds
3) force is not excessive
What is a sprinkler system, when is it applied, who makes the decision, what is the benefit?
A series of sprinklers connected to a hose, supplied water through a pump, which constantly emits water in a wide circle, dampening the ground, providing fire protection. Applied when a wild fire is approaching.
Office of the fire commissioner, value asset team.
Advantage is that water is supplied unattended for a long period of time
Define reasonable grounds
a set or conditions/circumstances that would lead a prudent, ordinary individual to form a strong belief that goes beyond mere suspicion
What are tickets used for?
To commence a prosecution
What are the 5 reasons to use force
Stop dangerous or unlawful behaviour Prevent the escape of an arrested person Protect officer or public from harm Protect individual from harming themselves Overcome resistance to lawful arrest
What steps does an officer take if a subject was hurt by a use of force?
- Have individual assessed by EMS ASAP
- If individual refuses, request EMS report and documents all information
- Document everything in officer notes and submit an officer report
When are CO’s protected from liability, when using force?
When the force is not excessive and is based on reasonable grounds
What is the fire triangle? How do you break it?
Air, fuel, heat.
Water, dirt shovelling, break lines, foam/fire retardant
What must snares requires to have?
Locking device, such as a cam, to prevent them from widening once winched
What is a threat assessment
Intent, weapon, delivery system
What operational guideline guides the use of force reporting?
Operational Guideline - Use of Force Report
When do conservation officers have the power and authority of peace officers?
When enforcing legislation in which they have been appointed and while carrying out public safety duties
Keys to dealing with problem site
- proactive (talk to site early)
- isolate permit holder
- empathize with other campers
What is the objective of disciplinary action?
To build an individual into useful employee
What gives officers the authority to use force?
Criminal Code of Canada
I the enforcement mandate, what are the the 4 response strategies
1) service - assist the public
2) protection - as outlined in the COA, preserving and maintaining public peace and while acting in course of CO enforcement duties
3) enforcement - if in the public’s best interest, and consistent with justice objectives, charges may be laid and moved through the judicial system. If it is not in the best interest of the public to lay charges, and push matters through the judicial system, then the offers may use discretion. Especially when it is not a primary responsibility. Officer may use education,verbal warning or written warning instead.
4) prevention - preventing incidents (offences, accidents or problems) through intervention, proactive problem solving and education
Define grievous bodily harm
Bodily injury that poses substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement or long term loss/impairment of a organ/ bodily member
What are the possible crown responses if a ticket is not responded to?
- Place a hold on licence renewal
- Place a hold on vehicle registration
- Send to a private collection agency - effects credit
- File a case with court of queens bench
What does it mean to be in the course of conservation officer duties?
An officer on duty, especially when in uniform or a marked vehicle, whether or not actually in the process of enforcing a resources law
What must you consider when conducting an eviction
-How many officers, how many subjects, what state are the subjects in, can they call a ride to pick them up? Do you have to let them stay until morning? CO/RCMP support? Can you handle the situation?
Resistance continuum
Phycological intimidation Verbal non compliance Passive resistance Defensive resistance Assaultive behaviour Death or GBH
How do you effect an arrest?
Identify yourself
Place person under arrest by identifying your intention
Inform person of charge
Inform person of legal rights
Define preclusion
When a lesser level of force is not option and you cannot disengage. Basically when you need to use lethal force
What is spotting?
When embers burst from the fire & start new fires in the surrounding area
4 reasons to use force
Overcome resistance to lawful arrest
Stop dangerous or unlawful behaviour
Protect the public or an officer from injury
Protect subject from injuring themselves
Prevent escape of an arrested person
In what three instances would a CO enforce non resource legislation
1) threat to public safety, officer safety or violator safety (drunk driving, elicit drugs, prohibited weapon, assault of a peace officer)
2) where the violation interferes with the peaceful enjoyment or safety in a provincial park (LGCA, HTA, IPDA)
3) offences occur in conjunction with resource related offences (ie night hunting with HTA or ORVA (cautious of plea bargain charges dropped)
When is lethal force justified?
Officer/public life in danger or risk of GBH
Which animals can you trap on land with a modified leghold?
Fox, coyote, wolf, lynx, bobcat
List 4 operational directives
Grooming directive Officer notebooks Role of PPO Enforcement mandate DOR Enforcement assistance to other agencies Park patrol shift report Provincial park entry pass enforcement protocol Emergency vehicle operations
Which types of traps can be used suspended in the air?
Body grip or kill traps. NOT leghold
What happens to a use of force report?
It is sent to the regional director, to the manager of compliance & field services, back to the regional & reporting officer. Signatures from superior officers are used to show chain of command officers are aware of the incident
Which level of force requires a Use of Force Report?
Soft empty hand (within a week) anything higher (24hrs) - if assaultive behaviour is used against an officer (even if no control is used) 72hrs
How often do live hold traps need to be checked
Minimum, once every 72 hours
What are the force variables to consider
Officer/subject variables
Special circumstances
Reaction time
Threat assessment
Different officer roles during evictions
Leader officer (decision maker. separates permit holder, collects IDs, ensures safety, communicates with site) Security (ensure people don't enter/leave site, collect IDs, ensure safety, ensures people are following directions from lead officer) Support officer (check CPIC, eviction database, write EN's & CON's, safety).
10-27
Licence/permit information - tell you if licence if active & descriptors of individuals
What’s the difference between IA and a fire department
IA deals with wildfires. Fire departments deal with structures
When are Officers protected from civil liability under the Criminal Code of Canada (When using force)?
When their actions are based on reasonable grounds and the amount of force used is note excessive
What is a threat assessment
Does the individual have
Intent
Delivery system
Weapon
What are the force variables?
- Officer vs subject variables
(Size, gender, strength, skill difference. Number of suspects vs number of officers) - Special circumstances
(Injury, exhaustion, weather, proximity to weapon, special knowledge, availability of other options) - Reaction time
The time officer has to respond to resistance
What’s the difference between emerge y fire fighters and initial attack?
IA wraps the fire (contains it in a certain geographic area) battles the flames.
EFF go in after IA already knocks the flame down and does the rest of the control (shovel out smouldering brush, etc)
Do Métis and FN have the same trapping rights?
Both can trap for food and domestic purposes. Products cannot be traded or sold for profit. Safety and conservation regulations must still be followed
What is the purpose of a seizure report?
To provide a system of accountability, inventory, tracking, control and disposal of property
What are the 10 primary acts and the 2 primary regulations the COS enforces
The Crowns Land Act The Endangered species and ecosystems act The ecological reserves act The forest act The fisheries act (manitoba) The provincial parks act The resource tourism and operators act The wildlife act The wildfire act The wild rice act
The water act - aquatic invasive species
The fisheries act (canada) - Manitoba fishery regulations
10-28
Used to check licence plate information
What is the purpose of a seizure receipt?
Provides a system to acknowledge the seizure of items, and proper dispositions for those items. Also provides documentation of suspension of hunting licence, hunter education certificate, guide licence or outfitters licence.
When using force, what three things must be assessed?
Threat assessment (weapon, intent, delivery system) Force variables Special circumstances
Define lethal force
Any force likely to cause GBH or death
When a commercial fisherman sells fish to an individual, what must be provided?
Commercial fisherman trade record or a sales receipt/ package label
4 reasons to arrest someone
Repetition of offence/ commission of another offence
Identification
Court appearance
Evidence
What are the response options for a ticket?
- Guilty
- Guilty with an explanation
- Not Guilty
Force continuum
Officer presence Verbal direction Soft empty hand Hard empty hand Intermediate weapon Lethal force
Define GHB
Any bodily injury that is likely to/has the possibility to cause death, cause serious permanent disfigurement, or results in the longterm impairment of any bodily organ or member
Define reasonable grounds
A set of conditions or circumstances that would cause an ordinary individual to form a strong belief which goes beyond mere suspicion
What sections of the Criminal Code of Canada deal with Use of force for peace officers?
Section 25, 26, and 27
Which sections of the Criminal Code involved use of force?
25, 26, 27
The COS is responsible for provisions of the following Acts
The forest health protection act The environment act The off-road vehicle act The highway traffic act The liquor and gaming control act The intoxicated persons detention act The fisheries act (canada) The migratory birds convention act, 1994 (canada) Wild animal and plant protection and regulation of international and interprovincial trade act (canada)
Criminal code of canada
What are the two main causes of fires?
Fuel and wind
What does a fire ranger do?
Mostly a base job that organizes equipment
Who is an officer report sent to?
Regional Field Supervisor
Regional Services Superintendent (who will send it to the chief CO)
Define one + one doctrine
Use of Force starting point that states you can use one level of force higher than the resistance level displayed
What’s the difference between disturbance and mischief
Disturbance is any activity that is incompatible with the peaceful enjoyment of provincial parks. Including, loud music, fighting or selling dugs.
Mischief is the destruction of property in a provincial park
If enforcing legislation that is not primary responsibility, must continuously ask:
1) what is my primary responsibility and how does it relate to this
2) what course of action is in the best interest of the public
3) if I don’t intervene, will there be public harm
4) can I deal with this at a lower intervention level
5) is my course of action within my training, skills and abilities
What other two operational directives are to be used with the OD Use of Force
- Officer Safety
2. Department Firearms
What 3 things are needed to justify force
- Evaluate subjects actions
- Clearly understand your own options
- Take all circumstances into account and use force necessary to control the situation
What are the 5 reasons to use force
- Stop unlawful or dangerous behaviour
- Protect officer or public from injury
- Protect subject from self injury
- Overcome resistance to lawful arrest
- Prevent the escape of an arrested person
What are the 3 levels of eviction
LEVEL 1: first time offender
-disturbance only
-72 hr eviction
-seasonal campers can leave equipment & non evicted family members can stay on site
LEVEL 2: engage in mischief, significant disturbance, organizing large scale gathering/unruly gathering, threatening/assaulting someone in a PP
-An incident involving arrest
-21 day eviction
-Seasonals allowed to leave gear, but no one on site
LEVEL 3: 1 year ban
-Assault, selling drugs, drunk driving, significant damage to park infrastructure, repeat offender of 21 day eviction
-Write 21 day suspension, DS will apply to have person banned for a year
-Seasonals must remove all gear
When is lethal force justified
The officer or another individuals life is threatened, or they are at risk of GBH
What is the response time on tickets
15-45
What are the levels of disciplinary action?
Oral reprimand - immediate supervisor
Written reprimand - letter of direction or letter of reprimand - immediate supervisor
Suspension - 1 day = supervisor - more than 1 days = director
Dismissal - ADM
When can CO’s use decoys?
CO’s cannot employ tactics to induce individuals into an offence. But, when violations have been reported, observed by an officer, or charges have been laid, decoys can be used to safety apprehend violators
Discuss the safe location of a decoy
Not used an intersections, sharp turns, or where you cannot see vehicles coming.
Avoid highways in times of busy traffic
A safe backstop must be present
RFS/RSS must approve decoy sight in daylight, before operation
Can you place a decoy on private land?
Yes, but the land owner/occupier must sign a landowner agreement form, officially giving permission
What must officers do when setting up decoys?
Wear blaze orange
How many officers are required in take down units for decoys?
1 person per unit in daylight. 2 people per unit at night.
What three types of laws/regulations apply to First Nations and Metis peoples?
General Application (ie speed limit), conservation (ie. moose conservation closure) and safety (ie. hunting while intoxicated)
How were First Nations rights to hunt at night recognized?
A supreme Court decision in R. vs Morris, out of BC
When can conservation officers lay charges to FN peoples? When can they not?
Charges can be laid if the case law is clearly established and grounds support it. When case law is unclear and case may have constitutional significance, CO’s must consult with HQ before laying charges
List four actions which are prohibited for all hunters, regardless of status
- Hunt off of, along or across a provincial road.
- Discharge a centre fire rifle, muzzle loader or shot gun slug off of, along or across a municipal road
- Hunt without due regard for safety (ie shoot towards a house)
- Hunt on private land without permission
Where do First Nations right to hunt come from?
The Natural Resources Transfer Agreement (1930) (this essentially transferred ownership of the land and resources from the federal government, to the provinces, which in turn, also transferred the responsibility and rights of First Nations Peoples. The NRTA (1930), make up a part of the Constitution Act (1982), which is where the rights are derived from.
What two reasons can a First Nations person harvest resources?
Food or traditional ceremony
Can a FN person share resources harvested under rights?
Resources can be shared with other FN peoples, and non FN peoples living in the same house. Resources cannot be shared with other non status individuals.
What are FN peoples required to carry when harvesting resources?
Federally issues certification of status
What specifically does not apply to FN harvesters?
- licensing and tagging requirements
- seasons & hour restrictions
- bag limits
- equipment restrictions (ie. ORVs)
Define: disturbance (pp’s)
Any action or behaviour that interferes with the quiet and peaceful enjoyment of a provincial park. ie. rowdyism, loud music, insulting language, fighting, etc
Define: mischief (pp’s)
Any action that destroys or damages property in a provincial park or obstructs/interferes with a lawful enjoyment of a provincial park
Where do provincial park eviction authorities come from?
Provincial Parks Act
Parks Activities Regulations
Discuss eviction levels
Level 1 - 72hrs
- first time offender
- seasonals can leave equipment and non evicted family members
- disturbance only
Level 2 - 21 days
- second time level 1 offender in the last 3 years
- seasonals can leave equipment, but no one can be on site
- mischief, significant disturbance, assaulting or threatening to assault
Level 3 - 1 year
- Repeat level 2 offenders in the last 3 years
- Seasonals must remove all gear
- Assault, selling drugs, significant damage to park infrastructure
- Issue regular 21 day suspension and DS applies for 1 year ban
What are the three officer roles in an eviction?
Lead officer
- only communicator and decision maker
- isolates site holder
- assigns tasks
Support Officer
- Run CPIC
- Write ENs & tickets
- Runs subjects through eviction database
Security Officer
- ensure no on leaves or enters
- collects IDs
- ensures safety
