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M3 Orthopaedic Surgery > Buzzwords > Flashcards

Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Clubfoot full name is:

A

Talipes Equinovarus

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2
Q

How to differentiate high ulnar nerve lesion (eg cubital tunnel) from low ulnar nerve lesion (ulnar tunnel)?

A

4th and 5th digits DIPJ flexion is present in low lesion (eg ulnar tunnel) but absent in high lesion;
these 2 actions controlled by high ulnar nerve innervation of FDP

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3
Q

AMPLE history for trauma

A

Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last meal
Events leading to injury

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4
Q

Primary survey for ATLS principles

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure and environment

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5
Q

In DDH, the hip is limited in

A

Abduction

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6
Q

In Perthe’s disease, the hip is limited in

A

Abduction and internal rotation

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7
Q

Galeazzi fracture:
_____ fractured, with ______ dislocation

A

Distal 1/3 radial shaft fracture with
Ulnar dislocation at distal radio ulnar joint

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8
Q

Monteggia Fracture:
_____ fracture with _____ dislocation

A

Proximal 1/3 ulna fracture with radial dislocation at proximal radioulna joint

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9
Q

Colles’ Fracture:
Distal fragment displacement direction:

A

Dorsal displacement

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10
Q

Smith’s Fracture:
Distal fragment displacement direction:

A

Volar displacement

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11
Q

Nerve injured in humeral shaft fracture

A

Radial nerve

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12
Q

Key characteristic of AIN syndrome

A

PURE motor symptoms, no sensory deficit

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13
Q

Tennis elbow location:

A

Lateral epicondyle

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14
Q

Golfer’s elbow location

A

Medial epicondyle

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15
Q

3 characteristics of pain in compartment syndrome

A

Pain out of proportion
Pain worse on passive stretch
Pain not reducible by opioids

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16
Q

6 Ps of compartment syndrome

A

Pain
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis

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17
Q

Earliest sign of compartment syndrome

A

Pain!

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18
Q

Basis for Froment’s sign

A

Compensation of the median-nerve innervated flexor pollicis longus (FPL) for a weak ulnar nerve innervated adductor pollicis

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19
Q

Main blood supply to head of femur

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

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20
Q

Why is thenar eminence spared in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve is given off 5cm before the carpal tunnel

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21
Q

Why is ulna dorsal sensation spared in ulnar tunnel syndrome?

A

Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve is given off 5cm before the Guyon’s canal

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22
Q

Key differences between vascular and neurogenic claudication

A
  1. Walking distance: Variable in neurogenic, fixed in vascular
  2. Walking uphill: Easier in neurogenic, harder in vascular
  3. Resting: Sit down to rest in neurogenic, just stand still to rest in vascular
  4. Direction of pain: Neurogenic shoots down, vascular usually goes up
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23
Q

Hallux valgus angle definition and normal range

A

Angle between long axis of 1st metatarsal and 1st proximal phalanx
Normal <15 deg

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24
Q

Intermetatarsal angle definition and normal range

A

Angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsals
Normal <9 deg

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25
Q

Osteoporosis: Calcium is ___, Phosphate is _____

A

Normal and normal

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26
Q

Osteomalacia: Calcium is _____,
Phosphate is _____

A

Low and Low

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27
Q

DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 2 tendons affected are

A

APL and EPB

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28
Q

Upper limb myotomes:

A

C5: Elbow flexion
C6: Wrist extension
C7: Elbow extension
C8: Finger flexion
T1: Finger abduction

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29
Q

Upper limb dermatomes

A

C5: Lateral arm
C6: Dorsum of thumb
C7: Dorsum of index
C8: Dorsum of little finger
T1: Medial forearm / arm

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30
Q

Lower limb myotomes

A

L2: Hip flexion
L3: Knee extension
L4: Ankle dorsiflexion
L5: Big toe dorsiflexion
S1: Ankle plantarflexion

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31
Q

Lower limb dermatomes

A

L2: Anterior thigh
L3: Anterior knee
L4: Medial malleolus
L5: Dorsum 1st webspace
S1: Slightly inferior to the lateral malleolus

32
Q

Cubitus VALGUS by nonunion of ___________ fracture

A

Lateral epicondyle

33
Q

Cubitus VARUS (aka ______ deformity) by malunion of ____________ fracture

A

Supracondylar

34
Q

Nerve injured in supracondylar fracture of elbow

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

35
Q

Stiff painful shoulder after a seizure

A

Posterior dislocation

36
Q

2 conditions commonly a/w (or predisposing to) frozen shoulder

A

Diabetes mellitus
Thyroid disease

37
Q

Nerve injured (most commonly) in Monteggia fracture

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

38
Q

What indicates a poorer prognosis in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Wasting of APB

39
Q

Knee swelling:
Immediate swelling indicates ______ injury

40
Q

Knee swelling:
Delayed swelling indicates _______ injury

41
Q

Next step in Mx of septic arthritis

A

Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration) of the knee

42
Q

Spot Dx:
Forefoot pain after repeated stress

A

Metatarsal stress fracture

43
Q

High inversion injury of ankle; most commonly injures: (structure)

44
Q

DM foot is associated with 3 features:

A
  1. Neuropathic ulcer
  2. Charcot joint
  3. Rockerbottom deformity
45
Q

Nerve injured in fibula fracture

A

Common fibular nerve

46
Q

3 ways a disc can herniate and what it causes:

A
  1. Posterolateral (paracentral): (most common) Impinges on traversing / lower nerve root
  2. Foraminal (far lateral): Impinges on exiting / upper nerve root
  3. Central (posterior): (most dangerous) Can cause CES; a/w back pain
47
Q

Neurogenic shock: BP? HR?

A

Hypotension
Bradycardia

48
Q

Hypovolemic shock: BP? HR?

A

Hypotension
Tachycardia

49
Q

Spot Dx:
Poorly controlled DM, right neck pain for 3 weeks, no Hx of trauma, a/w fever and numbness of hands

A

Cervical spondylodiscitis
*infection until proven otherwise

50
Q

Most common site of degenerative spondylolisthesis

51
Q

Most common site of Isthmic spondylolisthesis

52
Q

Common cause of degenerative spondylolisthesis:
Seen in: (age)

A

OA degeneration of facet joints
Elderly

53
Q

Common cause of isthmic spondylolisthesis:
Seen in: (age)

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis
Young patients

54
Q

Spot Dx:
Weakness in toe dorsiflexion, ankle jerk present, loss of sensation over dorsum of foot. Level affected?

55
Q

Spot Dx:
Numbness over lateral forearm and thumb. Level affected?

56
Q

NOF fracture: Hip is (3 features)

A

Externally rotated
Shortened
Abducted

57
Q

Posterior dislocation: Hip is (3 features)

A

Flexed
Internally rotated
Adducted

58
Q

Possible nerve injury in posterior dislocation of the hip

A

Sciatic nerve

59
Q

Spot Dx:
Obese young child, limp, pain down medial thigh and knee

60
Q

SCFE age group

61
Q

Spot Dx:
Idiopathic AVN, hip is limited in abduction and internal rotation

A

Perthes disease

62
Q

Perthes disease age group

63
Q

Spot Dx:
Acute, low clinical suspicion of septic arthritis

A

Transient synovitis

64
Q

Nerve injured (most common) in proximal humerus fracture eg neck of humerus fracture

A

Axillary nerve

65
Q

Bone age of children: CRITOE

A

Capitalum: 1y
Radial head: 3y
Internal (medial) epicondyle: 5y
Trochlea: 7y
Olecranon: 9y
External (lateral) epicondyle: 11y

66
Q

Posterior dislocation of the hip: Hip is _______ and _______

A

Adducted and internally rotated

67
Q

Anterior dislocation of the hip: Hip is ________ and _______

A

Abducted and externally rotated

68
Q

Malunited supracondylar fracture of the elbow results in cubitus ______

69
Q

Malunited lateral condyle fracture of the elbow results in cubitus ________

70
Q

Cubitus valgus carries a risk of _____________ palsy

A

Tardy ulnar nerve

71
Q

Bankart lesion: Associated with __________ dislocation, and injury is an ____________

A

Anterior;
Anterior labrum tear

72
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion: Associated with _________ dislocation, and injury is a _____________

A

Anterior;
Impaction fracture of posterior aspect of humeral head

73
Q

Features of a skin graft (4)

A
  1. No own blood supply
  2. Does not require microscope to put
  3. More contractures
  4. Used for non-exposed bone
74
Q

Features of a skin flap (4)

A
  1. Own blood supply
  2. Requires microscope to put
  3. Less contractures
  4. For bone that is exposed
75
Q

Spot Dx:
50F c/o acute, atraumatic knee pain, 3 days. Hx: No fever, no RF. XR normal.

A

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK)

M3 Orthopaedic Surgery (3 decks)

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