Buzzword Symptoms Flashcards
Semi- dilated non-reacting pupil
Hazy
Red
Painful
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Drusen
Gradual
Dry macular degeneration
Choroidal neovascularisation
distortion of lines (Amsler grid testing)
Demarcated red patches
Wet acute macular degeneration
Symptoms are usually bilateral
Grittiness and discomfort
Blepharitis
painless visual loss or haze (commonest)
red hue in the vision
floaters or shadows/dark spots in the vision
Vitrous haemorrhage
sudden onset, painless and progressive visual field loss, described as a curtain or shadow progressing to the centre of the visual field from the periphery
new onset floaters or flashes
Vitreous detachment
red eye
classically painful (in comparison to episcleritis), but sometimes only mild pain/discomfort is present
watering and photophobia are common
gradual decrease in vision
Scleritis
Reduced vision
Faded colour vision: making it more difficult to distinguish different colours
Glare: lights appear brighter than usual
Halos around lights
Defect in red reflex
Cataract
microaneurysms
blot haemorrhages
hard exudates
cotton wool spots (‘soft exudates’ - represent areas of retinal infarction), venous beading/looping and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
Moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
retinal neovascularisation - may lead to vitreous haemorrhage
fibrous tissue forming anterior to retinal disc
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
red eye
classically not painful (in comparison to scleritis), but mild pain/irritation is common
watering and mild photophobia may be present
Episcleritis
red eye: pain and erythema
photophobia
foreign body, gritty sensation
hypopyon may be seen
keratitis
unilateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or days
poor discrimination of colours, ‘red desaturation’
pain worse on eye movement
relative afferent pupillary defect
central scotoma
Optic neuritis
Open angle gluacoma
peripheral visual field loss - nasal scotomas progressing to ‘tunnel vision’
decreased visual acuity
optic disc cupping
Red eye
purulent discharge if bacterial, clear discharge if viral
Conjunctivitis
Red eye
history of trauma or coughing bouts
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
The sudden appearance of floaters (occasionally a ring of floaters temporal to central vision)
Flashes of light in vision
Blurred vision
Cobweb across vision
The appearance of a dark curtain descending down vision (means that there is also retinal detachment)
Posterior vitreous detachment
sudden, painless unilateral visual loss
relative afferent pupillary defect
‘cherry red’ spot on a pale retina
Central retinal artery occlusion
Unilateral pain that radiates to jaw and pain when brushing hair
Arteritis
Silver wiring
papilledema
arteriovenous nipping
cotton wool spots
hard exudates
Hypertensive retinopathy
Abnormally shaped pupil
iritis
acute onset
ocular discomfort & pain (may increase with use)
pupil may be small +/- irregular due to sphincter muscle contraction
photophobia (often intense)
blurred vision
red eye
lacrimation
ciliary flush: a ring of red spreading outwards
hypopyon; describes pus and inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber, often resulting in a visible fluid level
visual acuity initially normal → impaired
anterior uvetitis
