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Neuro block 2 buzz words > buzz words neuro block 2 > Flashcards

buzz words neuro block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

HLA DQ1

A

Narcolepsy

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2
Q

HLA D1B1 *0602

A

Narcolepsy

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3
Q

EBV

A

Lymphoma in IC or AIDS pts

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4
Q

GFAP +

A

Glioma

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5
Q

pseudopalasading

A

Glioma

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6
Q

B cells in CSF

A

Lymphoma

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7
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningioma

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8
Q

Dural tail on MRI

A

Meningioma

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9
Q

S100+

A

Schwanoma

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10
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuroma

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2 gene)

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11
Q

Ring lesion

A

metastases

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12
Q

open ring lesion

A

demyelinating lesion

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13
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

Pediatric low grade glioma

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14
Q

Trk C, Erb, C-myc, Neurotrophinin

A

Meduloblastoma

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15
Q

Active sonic hedgehog pathway

A

Meduloblastoma

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16
Q

Homer-wright rosette

A

Meduloblastoma

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17
Q

Basilar artery engulfed

A

Brainstem glioma

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18
Q

Perivascular pseudorosettes

A

Ependymoma

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19
Q

Rod shaped blepharoplasts

A

Ependymoma

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20
Q

Mollerat cells in CSF

A

HSV2 aseptic meningitis

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21
Q

PML

A

think AIDS

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22
Q

Bullet shaped on microscopy

A

Rhabdoviridae (rabes)

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23
Q

Fear of water

A

Rhabdoviridae (rabes)

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24
Q

Rodent feces

A

Arenaviridae (LCMV)

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25
Q

Sudden onset deafness

A

Arenaviridae (LCMV)

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26
Q

SaiD gene

A

N. meningititis

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27
Q

Pregnant + meningitis +

A

Listeria

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28
Q

Meningitis from unpasterurized meat and cheese

A

Listeria

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29
Q

Soap bubble lesion on brain

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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30
Q

Yeast halos in India Ink

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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31
Q

Australia

A

C. gattii

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32
Q

Black mold

A

Exserohilum Rostratum

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33
Q

PML

A

think AIDS and JCV

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34
Q

Canabalism

A

Kuru

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35
Q

Pituitary derived hGH

A

Iatrogenic CJD

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36
Q

Insomnia + ANS problems

A

Familial Fatal Insomnia

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37
Q

Contaminated beef in west europe or japan

A

Mad Cow (variant CJD)

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38
Q

“florid” plaques

A

Mad Cow (variant CJD)

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39
Q

Waterhouse friedrichson syndrome

A

Neisseria meningititis

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40
Q

16S ribosomal subunit in CSF

A

100% bacterial meningitis

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41
Q

IgM in CSF

A

W. Nile

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42
Q

Bulls eye rash

A

Lyme dz

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43
Q

Ixodes tic

A

Lyme dz

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44
Q

Non-painful chancre

A

Syphilis

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45
Q

Endarteritis obliterans

A

tertiary syphilis

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46
Q

+ FTA, + CSF VDRL

A

tertiary (neuro-) syphilis

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47
Q

Gummas

A

tertiary syphilis

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48
Q

Ulcerated cornea

A

Opthalmic varicilla zoster virus

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49
Q

HLA DR2

A

MS

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50
Q

scanning speech

A

drunk or MS

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51
Q

locked in syndrome

A

pontine hemorrhage

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52
Q

completely unresponsive pt w/ depressed vital signs

A

Phenobarbital OD

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53
Q

Drusen +

A

Dry Macular Degeneration

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54
Q

Black/white vison

A

Rods

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55
Q

Color vision

A

Cones

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56
Q

Type of cone responsible for red/green color-blindness if lost

A

L cones (X-chromosome)

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57
Q

electrical potential that stimulates photoreceptors

A

Hyperpolarization (only system that responds to hyperpolarization)

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58
Q

alpha ganglion cells .. location & project where?

A

predominate in peripheral retina (Rods) and project to magnocellular layer of Lat geniculate

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59
Q

Beta ganglion cells .. location & project where?

A

predominate in central retina (cones) and prject to parvocellular region of lat geniculate

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60
Q

MC dz (working age adults) where you lose all vision

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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61
Q

eyes pointed in different directions w/ no diplopia (amblyopia)

A

non-paralytic strabismus

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62
Q

eyes pointed in different directions w/ diplopia

A

paralytic (primary) strabismus

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63
Q

vertical/oblique diplopia w/ spontaneous head tilt to opposite side

A

CN IV palsy

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64
Q

amourosis fugax

A

1 eyed vision loss

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65
Q

gradual progressive loss of vision

A

think brain tumor

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66
Q

sudden loss of vision in 1 eye

A

vascular (adults) optic neuritis (kids) –> stroke

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67
Q

T/F visual loss caused by lesion posterior to LGN will be associated w/ abnormal pupillary reflex

A

F it will NOT be associated with abnormal pupillary reflex

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68
Q

Optic Neuritis

A

Early sign of MS

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69
Q

can’t look at an object directly, must look to the side, and the color red is not bright

A

Optic neuritis

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70
Q

homonymous hemianopsia

A

Post chiasmal lesions; homonymous hemianopsia = e.g. can’t see left side in either eye (field defect)

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71
Q

what do you look for in an optic disk exam

A

The 4CS: Color, Contour, Circumference, Cup size, Spontaneous venous pulsations

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72
Q

papilledema w/ inc ICP, normal protein, & no cellular rxn

A

pseudotumor cerebri

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73
Q

altitudinal hemianopsia w/ pale, swollen ischemia of the disc

A

Ischemic optic neuropathy

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74
Q

Cherry red macula

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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75
Q

Flame hemorrhages

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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76
Q

déjà vu / jamais vu

A

simple partial seizures

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77
Q

3Hz spike-wave discharges

A

Absence seizure

78
Q

seizure with some crying

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

79
Q

sudden unexplained death in epilepsy

A

Intractable epilepsy

80
Q

tx of left vagus nerve stimulation

A

Intractable epilepsy

81
Q

generalized convulsive persistant seizures

A

Status Epilepticus (SE)

82
Q

seizure but no change on EEG

A

psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)

83
Q

Stomach crunches

A

infantile seizures

84
Q

Lightening attack

A

infantile seizures

85
Q

MC childhood seizure

A

febrile seizure

86
Q

2+ types of seizures, slow spike and wave on EEG, Mental status change (delay)

A

Lennox-Gastaut

87
Q

photic stimuli for seizures

A

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

88
Q

facial motor seizure

A

benign rolandic epilepsy

89
Q

Central temporal spikes on EEG

A

benign rolandic epilepsy

90
Q

HHV-6B infection

A

Febrile status epilepticus

91
Q

gentamicin ototoxicity

A

abnormal head thrust test

92
Q

HSV1/bells palsy

A

Vestibular neuritis

93
Q

Vertigo w/ first head roll on pillow in AM

A

BPPV

94
Q

decreased resorption of endolymphatic fluid

A

Meniere’s dz

95
Q

stapes fixation

A

osteosclerosis

96
Q

hearing loss w/ corrected vertigo

A

vestibular schwannoma

97
Q

detects rotational acceleration/deceleration in plane of a semicircular canal

A

Cupula

98
Q

Lies coplanar w/ horizontal axis

A

Utricle

99
Q

Lies coplanar w/ vertical axis

A

Sacculus

100
Q

catch up saccade

A

vestibular dysfxn

101
Q

stapes fixation

A

osteosclerosis

102
Q

frog leg posture + poor suck reflex

A

Werdnig-hoffman (infantile form of spinal muscular atrophy)

103
Q

atrophy of pecs and thighs

A

Wohlfart Kugelberd Welander (juvenile form of spinal muscular atrophy)

104
Q

sporadic LMN dz

A

Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy

105
Q

Bunina body

A

ALS

106
Q

dx confirmation of radiculopathy

A

EDX testing

107
Q

myelin ovoids

A

Axonal neuropathy

108
Q

Toluidine blue stain shows pale fascicle w.o myelin fibers

A

Wallerian neuropathy –> think trauma and vasculitis

109
Q

leg atrophy below knee, hammer toe, & high arched feet

A

Charcot Marie Tooth Dz

110
Q

high sorbitol and low myoinositol in the nerves

A

Diabetic neuropathy

111
Q

do you give steroids to someone w/ GBS? (guillain barre)

A

NO steroids don’t do anything. Use gamma-globulin infusion

112
Q

dumbbell shape tumor

A

Nerve sheath tumor (schwannoma or neurofibroma)

113
Q

epidural lesions w/ cancer

A

Metastasis to vertebra from lung>breast>prostate

114
Q

Middle aged woman w/ pain in thoracic spine

A

Spinal meningioma

115
Q

pain w/ percussion of spinal cord + fever

A

Infection w/ Staph aureus in spine

116
Q

Osteomyelitis from TB

A

Pott’s dz

117
Q

CSF has oligoclonal bands and high IgG (2 dz)

A

HTLV1 & MS

118
Q

Tabes dorsalis (loss of epicritic + romberg sign)

A

Neurosyphilis

119
Q

myelin plaque

A

MS

120
Q

Perivascular cuff

A

MS

121
Q

Lymphocytes, Oligoclonal bands, high IgG

A

MS

122
Q

Luxol fast blue stain for myelin

A

MS

123
Q

+NMO IgG (aquaporin4)

A

Neuromyelitis Optica

124
Q

Eosinophils/neutrophils in CSF (high WBC)

A

Neuromyelitis Optica

125
Q

hiccups w/ myelopathy

A

Neuromyelitis Optica

126
Q

craniopharyngioma origin

A

rathke’s pouch

127
Q

cancer w/ diabetes insipidis

A

craniopharyngioma

128
Q

Sundowning eyes (sunset sign)

A

hydrocephalus (inc ICP) –> think brain tumor

129
Q

gene responsible for optic tract astrocytomas

A

NF1

130
Q

Gene responsible for cerebellar astrocytomas

A

RAF fusion

131
Q

Gene responsible for extra cortical astrocytomas

A

BRAF

132
Q

cancers in pt <1 year of age

A

Supratentorial (glioma, teratoma, PNET, Choroid plexus)

133
Q

cancers in pt 1-11 year of age

A

Infratentorial tumors (brain stem glioma, ependymoma, meduloblastoma)

134
Q

cancers in pt >11 year of age

A

supra&infra tentorial tumors (glioma, PNET, meduloblastoma, germ cell)

135
Q

carrot shaped cells

A

meduloblastoma

136
Q

early AM headache, N/V, Lethargy

A

hydrocephalus

137
Q

weakness/hemiparesis, ataxia, CN 6/7/8 signs

A

Brainstem glioma

138
Q

in which ped cancer is surgery contraindicated

A

Brainstem glioma

139
Q

herniation that compresses anterior cerebral artery

A

cingulate herniation

140
Q

herniation that compresses brainstem and can cause coma or death

A

dienchephalic downward herniation

141
Q

herniation that causes ipsilateral CN3 palsy and contra/ipsilateral hemiparesis

A

uncal herniation

142
Q

herniation that causes ipsilateral CN3 palsy and horners syndrome

A

upward herniation (of cerebellum)

143
Q

tumor in cerebellopontine angle

A

acoustic neuroma/schwannoma

144
Q

in sleep where is histamine released from

A

tuberomamillary nucleus

145
Q

in sleep where is 5-HT released from

A

Raphe nuclues

146
Q

in sleep where is DA released from

A

Substantia Nigra

147
Q

in sleep where is NE released from

A

Locus Ceruleus

148
Q

in sleep where is ACh released from

A

PPT + LDT

149
Q

What phase of sleep do you see sleep spindles

A

Phase 2

150
Q

in sleep where is orexin/hypocretin released from

A

Lateral hypothalamus

151
Q

what entity inhibits all 6 arousal nuclei

A

VLPO –> causes NREM sleep

152
Q

name the 3 major sleep promotors

A

dec adenosine, cytokines IL2 & TNFalpha, and melatonin

153
Q

acting out dreams

A

RSD

154
Q

headache when you drink and smoke end up wanting to kill yourself

A

cluster headache

155
Q

tx for temporal arteritis

A

corticosteroids immediately

156
Q

LP opening pressure >250mmHg

A

Pseudotumor cerebri (Idiopathic intracranial HTN)

157
Q

malignant cells in LP

A

primary CNS lymphoma

158
Q

CBC yields RBC>2000

A

think viral meningitis

159
Q

Temporal lobe viral meningitis

A

HSV1

160
Q

lab worker

A

togaviridae

161
Q

pediatric encephalitis

A

LaCrosse virus (replicates like flu)

162
Q

nonconventional ambisense strategy for replication

A

arenaviridae (LCMV)

163
Q

rusty sputum

A

strep pneumoniae

164
Q

acute meningitis in baby

A

GBS (group B strep)

165
Q

single painful chancre

A

H Ducreyi

166
Q

subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

H Aphrophilus

167
Q

cherry red epiglottis

A

H flu

168
Q

how does listeria move around

A

F-actin based motility

169
Q

what do you use for cryptococcus infection

A

Amphotericin B plus Flucytosine

170
Q

this polio vaccine prevents against paralysis and the spread of wild virus

A

Polio Sabin (OPV; live) vaccine

171
Q

this polio vaccine prevents against paralysis, but NOT the spread of wild virus

A

Polio Salk (IPV) vaccine

172
Q

Which polio vaccine prevents against reversion and which does not

A

Polio Salk (IPV) prevents against reversion; Polio Sabin (OPV) does not

173
Q

any small hemorrhage marks on extremities (splinter hemorrhage, osier nodes, janeway lesions, or roth spots on retina)

A

sub acute bacterial endocarditis

174
Q

ring enhancing mass w/ surrounding edema

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

175
Q

petichial rash on palms and soles plus flu like symptoms

A

RMSF

176
Q

bells palsy, migratory polyarthritis, cardiac dz, erethyema migrans

A

Lyme dz

177
Q

snail track lesion

A

secondary syphilis

178
Q

granuloma at base of brain

A

TB

179
Q

cheyne-stokes respirations

A

herniation

180
Q

positive EDX testing

A

radiculopathy confirmed

181
Q

fastest 2 ways to reduce ICP

A

hyperventilation or manitol (hyperosmotic)

182
Q

pt just falls to the ground (brief complete loss of muscle tone and consciousness)

A

atonic seizure

183
Q

infantile spasm, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and developmental arrest/regression

A

west syndrome

184
Q

high amplitude delta waves and multifocal spikes on EEG

A

infantile spasm (seizure)

185
Q

which direction do the kinocilium face in the utricle

A

toward the striola

186
Q

which direction do the kinocilium face in the sacculus

A

away from the striola

187
Q

eosinophil inclusion bodies

A

ALS

188
Q

1.5-2.5 Hz on EEG

A

Lennox Gastaut (abnormal absence seizure) “slow spike and wave” = 1.5-2.5 Hz

189
Q

high ESR

A

Temporal arteritis

190
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Temporal arteritis

Neuro block 2 buzz words (1 decks)

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