buzz words neuro block 2 Flashcards
HLA DQ1
Narcolepsy
HLA D1B1 *0602
Narcolepsy
EBV
Lymphoma in IC or AIDS pts
GFAP +
Glioma
pseudopalasading
Glioma
B cells in CSF
Lymphoma
Psammoma bodies
Meningioma
Dural tail on MRI
Meningioma
S100+
Schwanoma
Bilateral acoustic neuroma
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2 gene)
Ring lesion
metastases
open ring lesion
demyelinating lesion
Rosenthal fibers
Pediatric low grade glioma
Trk C, Erb, C-myc, Neurotrophinin
Meduloblastoma
Active sonic hedgehog pathway
Meduloblastoma
Homer-wright rosette
Meduloblastoma
Basilar artery engulfed
Brainstem glioma
Perivascular pseudorosettes
Ependymoma
Rod shaped blepharoplasts
Ependymoma
Mollerat cells in CSF
HSV2 aseptic meningitis
PML
think AIDS
Bullet shaped on microscopy
Rhabdoviridae (rabes)
Fear of water
Rhabdoviridae (rabes)
Rodent feces
Arenaviridae (LCMV)
Sudden onset deafness
Arenaviridae (LCMV)
SaiD gene
N. meningititis
Pregnant + meningitis +
Listeria
Meningitis from unpasterurized meat and cheese
Listeria
Soap bubble lesion on brain
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Yeast halos in India Ink
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Australia
C. gattii
Black mold
Exserohilum Rostratum
PML
think AIDS and JCV
Canabalism
Kuru
Pituitary derived hGH
Iatrogenic CJD
Insomnia + ANS problems
Familial Fatal Insomnia
Contaminated beef in west europe or japan
Mad Cow (variant CJD)
“florid” plaques
Mad Cow (variant CJD)
Waterhouse friedrichson syndrome
Neisseria meningititis
16S ribosomal subunit in CSF
100% bacterial meningitis
IgM in CSF
W. Nile
Bulls eye rash
Lyme dz
Ixodes tic
Lyme dz
Non-painful chancre
Syphilis
Endarteritis obliterans
tertiary syphilis
+ FTA, + CSF VDRL
tertiary (neuro-) syphilis
Gummas
tertiary syphilis
Ulcerated cornea
Opthalmic varicilla zoster virus
HLA DR2
MS
scanning speech
drunk or MS
locked in syndrome
pontine hemorrhage
completely unresponsive pt w/ depressed vital signs
Phenobarbital OD
Drusen +
Dry Macular Degeneration
Black/white vison
Rods
Color vision
Cones
Type of cone responsible for red/green color-blindness if lost
L cones (X-chromosome)
electrical potential that stimulates photoreceptors
Hyperpolarization (only system that responds to hyperpolarization)
alpha ganglion cells .. location & project where?
predominate in peripheral retina (Rods) and project to magnocellular layer of Lat geniculate
Beta ganglion cells .. location & project where?
predominate in central retina (cones) and prject to parvocellular region of lat geniculate
MC dz (working age adults) where you lose all vision
Diabetic retinopathy
eyes pointed in different directions w/ no diplopia (amblyopia)
non-paralytic strabismus
eyes pointed in different directions w/ diplopia
paralytic (primary) strabismus
vertical/oblique diplopia w/ spontaneous head tilt to opposite side
CN IV palsy
amourosis fugax
1 eyed vision loss
gradual progressive loss of vision
think brain tumor
sudden loss of vision in 1 eye
vascular (adults) optic neuritis (kids) –> stroke
T/F visual loss caused by lesion posterior to LGN will be associated w/ abnormal pupillary reflex
F it will NOT be associated with abnormal pupillary reflex
Optic Neuritis
Early sign of MS
can’t look at an object directly, must look to the side, and the color red is not bright
Optic neuritis
homonymous hemianopsia
Post chiasmal lesions; homonymous hemianopsia = e.g. can’t see left side in either eye (field defect)
what do you look for in an optic disk exam
The 4CS: Color, Contour, Circumference, Cup size, Spontaneous venous pulsations
papilledema w/ inc ICP, normal protein, & no cellular rxn
pseudotumor cerebri
altitudinal hemianopsia w/ pale, swollen ischemia of the disc
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Cherry red macula
Central retinal artery occlusion
Flame hemorrhages
Central retinal artery occlusion
déjà vu / jamais vu
simple partial seizures
3Hz spike-wave discharges
Absence seizure
seizure with some crying
Tonic-clonic seizure
sudden unexplained death in epilepsy
Intractable epilepsy
tx of left vagus nerve stimulation
Intractable epilepsy
generalized convulsive persistant seizures
Status Epilepticus (SE)
seizure but no change on EEG
psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)
Stomach crunches
infantile seizures
Lightening attack
infantile seizures
MC childhood seizure
febrile seizure
2+ types of seizures, slow spike and wave on EEG, Mental status change (delay)
Lennox-Gastaut
photic stimuli for seizures
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
facial motor seizure
benign rolandic epilepsy
Central temporal spikes on EEG
benign rolandic epilepsy
HHV-6B infection
Febrile status epilepticus
gentamicin ototoxicity
abnormal head thrust test
HSV1/bells palsy
Vestibular neuritis
Vertigo w/ first head roll on pillow in AM
BPPV
decreased resorption of endolymphatic fluid
Meniere’s dz
stapes fixation
osteosclerosis
hearing loss w/ corrected vertigo
vestibular schwannoma
detects rotational acceleration/deceleration in plane of a semicircular canal
Cupula
Lies coplanar w/ horizontal axis
Utricle
Lies coplanar w/ vertical axis
Sacculus
catch up saccade
vestibular dysfxn
stapes fixation
osteosclerosis
frog leg posture + poor suck reflex
Werdnig-hoffman (infantile form of spinal muscular atrophy)
atrophy of pecs and thighs
Wohlfart Kugelberd Welander (juvenile form of spinal muscular atrophy)
sporadic LMN dz
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Bunina body
ALS
dx confirmation of radiculopathy
EDX testing
myelin ovoids
Axonal neuropathy
Toluidine blue stain shows pale fascicle w.o myelin fibers
Wallerian neuropathy –> think trauma and vasculitis
leg atrophy below knee, hammer toe, & high arched feet
Charcot Marie Tooth Dz
high sorbitol and low myoinositol in the nerves
Diabetic neuropathy
do you give steroids to someone w/ GBS? (guillain barre)
NO steroids don’t do anything. Use gamma-globulin infusion
dumbbell shape tumor
Nerve sheath tumor (schwannoma or neurofibroma)
epidural lesions w/ cancer
Metastasis to vertebra from lung>breast>prostate
Middle aged woman w/ pain in thoracic spine
Spinal meningioma
pain w/ percussion of spinal cord + fever
Infection w/ Staph aureus in spine
Osteomyelitis from TB
Pott’s dz
CSF has oligoclonal bands and high IgG (2 dz)
HTLV1 & MS
Tabes dorsalis (loss of epicritic + romberg sign)
Neurosyphilis
myelin plaque
MS
Perivascular cuff
MS
Lymphocytes, Oligoclonal bands, high IgG
MS
Luxol fast blue stain for myelin
MS
+NMO IgG (aquaporin4)
Neuromyelitis Optica
Eosinophils/neutrophils in CSF (high WBC)
Neuromyelitis Optica
hiccups w/ myelopathy
Neuromyelitis Optica
craniopharyngioma origin
rathke’s pouch
cancer w/ diabetes insipidis
craniopharyngioma
Sundowning eyes (sunset sign)
hydrocephalus (inc ICP) –> think brain tumor
gene responsible for optic tract astrocytomas
NF1
Gene responsible for cerebellar astrocytomas
RAF fusion
Gene responsible for extra cortical astrocytomas
BRAF
cancers in pt <1 year of age
Supratentorial (glioma, teratoma, PNET, Choroid plexus)
cancers in pt 1-11 year of age
Infratentorial tumors (brain stem glioma, ependymoma, meduloblastoma)
cancers in pt >11 year of age
supra&infra tentorial tumors (glioma, PNET, meduloblastoma, germ cell)
carrot shaped cells
meduloblastoma
early AM headache, N/V, Lethargy
hydrocephalus
weakness/hemiparesis, ataxia, CN 6/7/8 signs
Brainstem glioma
in which ped cancer is surgery contraindicated
Brainstem glioma
herniation that compresses anterior cerebral artery
cingulate herniation
herniation that compresses brainstem and can cause coma or death
dienchephalic downward herniation
herniation that causes ipsilateral CN3 palsy and contra/ipsilateral hemiparesis
uncal herniation
herniation that causes ipsilateral CN3 palsy and horners syndrome
upward herniation (of cerebellum)
tumor in cerebellopontine angle
acoustic neuroma/schwannoma
in sleep where is histamine released from
tuberomamillary nucleus
in sleep where is 5-HT released from
Raphe nuclues
in sleep where is DA released from
Substantia Nigra
in sleep where is NE released from
Locus Ceruleus
in sleep where is ACh released from
PPT + LDT
What phase of sleep do you see sleep spindles
Phase 2
in sleep where is orexin/hypocretin released from
Lateral hypothalamus
what entity inhibits all 6 arousal nuclei
VLPO –> causes NREM sleep
name the 3 major sleep promotors
dec adenosine, cytokines IL2 & TNFalpha, and melatonin
acting out dreams
RSD
headache when you drink and smoke end up wanting to kill yourself
cluster headache
tx for temporal arteritis
corticosteroids immediately
LP opening pressure >250mmHg
Pseudotumor cerebri (Idiopathic intracranial HTN)
malignant cells in LP
primary CNS lymphoma
CBC yields RBC>2000
think viral meningitis
Temporal lobe viral meningitis
HSV1
lab worker
togaviridae
pediatric encephalitis
LaCrosse virus (replicates like flu)
nonconventional ambisense strategy for replication
arenaviridae (LCMV)
rusty sputum
strep pneumoniae
acute meningitis in baby
GBS (group B strep)
single painful chancre
H Ducreyi
subacute bacterial endocarditis
H Aphrophilus
cherry red epiglottis
H flu
how does listeria move around
F-actin based motility
what do you use for cryptococcus infection
Amphotericin B plus Flucytosine
this polio vaccine prevents against paralysis and the spread of wild virus
Polio Sabin (OPV; live) vaccine
this polio vaccine prevents against paralysis, but NOT the spread of wild virus
Polio Salk (IPV) vaccine
Which polio vaccine prevents against reversion and which does not
Polio Salk (IPV) prevents against reversion; Polio Sabin (OPV) does not
any small hemorrhage marks on extremities (splinter hemorrhage, osier nodes, janeway lesions, or roth spots on retina)
sub acute bacterial endocarditis
ring enhancing mass w/ surrounding edema
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
petichial rash on palms and soles plus flu like symptoms
RMSF
bells palsy, migratory polyarthritis, cardiac dz, erethyema migrans
Lyme dz
snail track lesion
secondary syphilis
granuloma at base of brain
TB
cheyne-stokes respirations
herniation
positive EDX testing
radiculopathy confirmed
fastest 2 ways to reduce ICP
hyperventilation or manitol (hyperosmotic)
pt just falls to the ground (brief complete loss of muscle tone and consciousness)
atonic seizure
infantile spasm, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and developmental arrest/regression
west syndrome
high amplitude delta waves and multifocal spikes on EEG
infantile spasm (seizure)
which direction do the kinocilium face in the utricle
toward the striola
which direction do the kinocilium face in the sacculus
away from the striola
eosinophil inclusion bodies
ALS
1.5-2.5 Hz on EEG
Lennox Gastaut (abnormal absence seizure) “slow spike and wave” = 1.5-2.5 Hz
high ESR
Temporal arteritis
polymyalgia rheumatica
Temporal arteritis
