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Y3 Endocrine > Buzz words: Endocrinology > Flashcards

Buzz words: Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q 
Centripetal obesity, bruises, darkened
palmar creases, recent onset DM
Syndrome = ectopic ACTH
Disease = pituitary cause
Pseudo = alcoholic cushing’s ↑GGT
A

Cushing’s

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2
Q

Polyuria, polydipsia
Pituitary tumour, trauma
Lack of vasopressin ∴replace with
desmopressin

A

Central diabetes insipidus

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3
Q

Hereditary, hypercalcaemia, lithium

Thiazide Diuretic

A

Nephrogenic DI

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4
Q

Assoc. with schizophrenia
Urine osm same with fluid deprivation &
after desmopressin

A

Psychogenic Polydipsia

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5
Q

Generalised weakness, hyporeflexia,
ataxia, lethargy, confusion
Hyponatraemia, high urine osm, hypoosmolality
(Opposite of DI)

A

SIADH

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6
Q

Isolated hypogonadotrophic
hypogonadism
Anosmia/hyposmia, colour blindness, cleft
palate

A

Kallmann’s Syndrome

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7
Q 
Course features, widely spaced teeth,
rings stuck on fingers, slanting forehead,
protruding jaw
Growth hormone-secreting pituitary
tumour
A

Acromegaly

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8
Q

Adrenal insufficiency
GI disturbance, weight loss, postural htn
High K and low Na (lack aldosterone)

A

Addison’s Disease

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9
Q

Aldosterone-producing adenoma
Low K, high Na, high HCO3
High aldosterone, low renin
Metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s Syndrome

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10
Q

Parathyroid tumour
Pitutary adenoma
Pancreatic tumour (Zollinger-Ellison
Syndrome)

A

MEN1 (3 Ps)

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11
Q

Phaeochromocytoma
Amyloid-producing thyroid tumour
Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

MEN 2a (2Ps, 1T)

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12
Q

Phaeochromocytoma, amyloid-producing thyroid tumour, Marfan’s syndrome, organ fibrosis

A

MEN 2b

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13
Q

Insomnia, palpitations, weight loss,

increased appetite

A

Hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

Exopthalmos, pretibial myxoedema

Autoimmune à stimulation of TSH-R

A

Grave’s Disease

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15
Q

Exopthalmos, pretibial myxoedema

Autoimmune à stimulation of TSH-R

A

Grave’s Disease

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16
Q

Exopthalmos, pretibial myxoedema

A

Grave’s Disease

17
Q 
Weight gain, lethargy, constipation
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in
western world
Diffusely enlarged thyroid
Anti-thyroglobulin, anti-microsomal, antithyroid
peroxidease, anti-TSH-R
A

Hashimoto’s

18
Q 
Flu-like illness (influenza, coxsacchie,
mumps) à inflammation and T3/4 release
Hyperthyroid à hypothyroid à euthyroid
Pain worse with swallowing, fever
↑ESR
A

De Quervain’s Thyroiditis

19
Q

Slow growing, hard, immobile, enlarged
Biopsy: fibrotic tissue
Difficulty breathing and swallowing

A

Riedel’s Thyroiditis

20
Q

Rare, elderly, die within 1 year
Hard, rapidly enlarging
Fixed to skin

A

Anaplastic Carcinoma

21
Q

Adolescents and young adults
Orphan Annie Eyes, psammoma (sandy)
bodies
Lymphadenopathy

A

Papillary Carcinoma

22
Q

Middle aged

Spread to lung/bone

A

Follicular Carcinoma

23
Q

Calcitonin tumour marker

MEN2

A

Medullary Carcinoma

24
Q

Lumpy, irregular thyroid
Plummer’s syndrome
Autonomous hyperfunctioning nodules

A

Toxic Multinodular Goitre

25
Q

Enlarged thyroid

Iodine deficiency/pregnancy/puberty

A

Simple Colloid Goitre

26
Q

Bones, stones, moans, groans
Polyuria, polydipsia
↑PTH

A

1° Hyperparathyroidism

27
Q

Bones, moans, stones, groans
Hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, vitamin
D intoxication or sarcoidosis

A

Hypercalcaemia

28
Q

CKD, parathyroid failure, DiGeorge
syndrome, post-thyroidectomy,
hypomagnesaemia

A

Hypocalcaemia

29
Q

Target cell resistance to PTH

Low Ca and high PTH

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

30
Q

Trousseau’s sign (BP cuff)
Weakness, cramps
Chvostek’s sign (face twitch)

A

Hypoparathyroidism

31
Q

Low serum Ca

CKD

A

2° Hyperparathyroidism

32
Q

Prolonged 2° hyperparathyroidism

Loss of feedback –> hypercalcaemia

A

3° Hyperparathyroidism

33
Q

Lung Ca –> ectopic PTH secretion

Hypercalcaemia + bone breakdown

A

PTHRP Secretion

34
Q

Ischaemic necrosis of pituitary (postpartum)

Hypopituitarism e.g. amenorrhoea

A

Sheehan’s Syndrome

35
Q

Bilateral adrenalectomy + Cushing’s

A

Nelson’s Syndrome

36
Q

Weight loss, fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia
Pear-drop breath
Ketoacidosis + kussmal breathing

A

T1DM

37
Q

Hyperglycaemia, ketoacidosis, ketonuria
Dehydration, confusion, abdo pain
Nausea, vomiting, sweet-smelling breath

A

DKA

38
Q

Neuroglycopenia –> irritable, tired, drowsy

A

Hypoglycaemia

Y3 Endocrine (30 decks)

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