Buzz words - cardio 1 Flashcards
1
Q
rheumatic fever/disease
A
tricuspid stenosis, mitral stenosis
2
Q
kussmal sign
A
Tricuspid Stenosis – aka giant flickering a waves, increased w inspiration
3
Q
suffusion sign
A
tricuspid stenosis
4
Q
VSD (ventricular septic deviation), pulmonic stenosis, RVH, overriding aorta
A
tetralogy of fallot
5
Q
secondary pHTN
A
pulmonic regurgitation
6
Q
erythema marginatum
A
mitral stenosis via rheumatic fever
7
Q
Early diastolic opening snap w low pitched decrescendo-crescendo rumpling diastolic murmur
A
mitral stenosis
8
Q
mitral valve prolapse
A
mitral regurgitatoin
9
Q
Holosystolic murmur best @ apex, radiating towards axilla in LLD
A
mitral regurgitation
10
Q
mercedes benz sign
A
aortic valve
11
Q
SAD triad
A
syncope, angina, dyspnea
12
Q
pulsus parvus
A
aortic stenosis (slow rising pulse compared to heart contraction)
13
Q
harsh-crescendo-decrescendo murmur
A
aortic stenosis
14
Q
“fishmouth” appearance
A
bicuspid aortic valve
15
Q
pacemaker
A
SA node
16
Q
CHADS2
A
anticoag treatment or not
17
Q
CHA2DS2-VASc
A
antigoac
18
Q
diastolic murmur
A
tricuspid stenosis
19
Q
harsh systolic murmur
A
pulmonic stenosis
20
Q
sytolic murmur
A
tricuspid regurgitation
21
Q
early diastolic murmur
A
pulmonic regurgitation
22
Q
Loud S1
A
Mitral stenosis
23
Q
sydenham chorea/St. Vitus’ dance
A
rheumatic fever (mitral stenosis)
24
Q
erythema marginatum
A
rheumatic fever (mitral stenosis)
25
slow HR
mitral stenosis
26
kery B line
CHF in mitral stenosis
27
do not do well in pregnancy
mitral stenosis
28
displaced PMI
mitral regurgitation
29
murmur increases with squatting, decreases with valsalva/standing
mitral regurgitation
30
high bnp
mitral regurgitation
31
sharp, mid-systolic click
mitral valve prolapse
32
SAD triad
(syncope, angina, dyspnea) aortic stenosis
33
Harsh (crescendo-decrescendo) semilunar murmur
aortic stenosis
34
calcification on cusps
aortic stenosis
35
TAVR
aortic stenosis
36
noonan's syndrome
pulmonic stenosis
37
ebstein's anomaly
tricuspid regurgitation
38
marfan's syndrome
tricuspid regurgitation
39
most common congenital cardiac malformation
bicuspid aortic valve
40
aortic root dissection
aortic regurgitation
41
blowing diastolic murmur
aortic regurgitation
42
cardiomegaly
aortic regurgitation
43
warfarin therapy
mechanical fake valves
44
VSD
ventricular septic deviation
45
soft/absent S1
aortic regurgitation
46
widened pulse pressure
aortic regurgitation
47
used by oncology to monitor ejection fraction
MUGA
48
cold/numb feet in PAD patients
critical limb ischemia
49
unilateral swollen leg
infection, DVT, trauma
50
bilateral swollen leg
systemic causes
51
low grade fever, anemia, shock, nerve injury, fat droplets/embolism
"soft signs of fracture
52
ST depression
ischemia (decreased blood flow)
53
ST elevation
injury (damaged cells/death/infarction)
54
Leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF
frontal/coronal leads
55
leads V1-V6
horizontal/transverse leads (or) precordial leads
56
inthoven's triangle
standard limb leads (I, II, III)
57
leads aVR, aVL, aVF
augmented limbs
58
leads II, III, aVF
inferior surface leads
59
leads V1-V4
anterior surface leads
60
leads I, aVL, V5, V6
lateral surface leads
61
leads V1 and aVR
right atrium leads
62
leads V5 and V6
lateral left ventricle
63
R-R interval rule
BPM = 300/(# of big boxes between R-R intervals)
64
rate rule
inaccurate, # of QRS complexes in 30 large boxes (6 sec)
65
longer longer longer drop
mobitz type I, Wenckeback
66
axis leads
leads I and aVF
67
atrial enlargement leads
lead II (peaked P waves) V1 (biphasic/notched)
68
horner syndrome
aortic dissection
69
tearing/ripping sensation
aortic dissection
70
BP differs in both arms >10-15
aortic dissection
71
LVH
Deep S wave (V1 or V2) AND R wave (V5 or V6)
72
RVH
Tall R wave (V1-V2) AND S wave (V5-V6)
73
pathological Q waves
any Q wave in V2 and V3
74
usually need PPM
2nd degree AV nod Mobitz tpye II
75
NEEDS a PPM
3rd degree AV node block
76
bundle branch block that is always PATHOLOGIC
LBBB
77
longer PR interval >.20s
1st degree AV node block, no tx needed
78
PR interval progressively lengthens until a QRS complex is dropped, heart "skipping"
2nd degree AV node block Mobitz type II, usually needs PPM
79
lyme disease
2nd degree AV node block Mobitz type 2 ususally needs PPM
80
P waves and QRS complexes are regular but dont coincide
3rd degree AV node block (AV dissociation/complete heart block), Needs PPM ASAP
81
no P wave because it is hidden in the QRS complex
junctional rhythm, AV node providing bpm (40-60 bpm)
82
tachy-brady syndrome and sinus pauses because sinus node does not function right
sick sinus syndrome dude, needs PPM
83
QRS complexes >120ms
bundle branch blocks (BBB)
84
braod and deep (slurred) S's in leads I, aVL, V5-V6 witha normal R: rabbit ears in V1, V2
RBBB, generally benign
85
braod R waves and NO Q waves in leads I and V6; braod S waves in V1
LBBB, generally benign
86
left axis deviation; qR in leads I, aVL; rS complex in leads II, III
LAFB
87
ight axis deviation; rS in lead I; qR in lead III
LPFB
88
left axis deviation; qR in lead I; rS in lead III
bifasicular block (RBBB + LAFB)
89
normal QRS width; P wave inside ARS; tachy
paroxysmal tachyarrhythmia; tx: vagal maneuvers/IV ADENOSINE/cardiovert/avoid triggers/ablation (just annoying)
90
short PR interval (<.12 seconds, delta wave
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW); tx: beta-blockers, ablation( can trigger afib or v fib)
91
irregularly irregular rhythym, no P waves
atrial fib. Tx: vaughn-william classification of antiarrythmic drugs chart (class 1C and 3; CHAD scores, PPM, ablation, cardiovert
92
3 different P wave morphologies
multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT); do NOT give anticoags
93
regular, fast, inverted P waves in leads I and/or aVF
atrial tachycardia
94
premature beats originating from the top of bottom on the heart
PAC, PVC; watch for a fib
95
QT interval is 0.4s
long QT
96
congenital/long QT intervals
LQTS
97
no swimming, no alarm clocks, never sleep cuz sleep is for the weak
LQT 1, 2, 3 mutations
98
LQT mutations treated w beta blockers
LQT 1 and 2 treatment
99
LTQ mutation treated with mexilitine
LQT 3 tx
100
fast, wide QRS, regular
ventricular tachy. tx: cardiovert, ACLS, b blockers, AAs
101
monomorphic VT cause
CAD, MI
102
polymorphic VT cause
CAD
103
prolonged QT, fast, regular
polymorphic VT
104
irregularly irregular, fast, chaotic, quivering, little perfusion
ventricular fibrillation; tx: defibrillate, Meredith grey push one of EPI
105
twisting of points, type of polymorphic VT: long QT
torsades de pointes; tx: cardiovert, Mg, replace electrolytes and shiz
