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Respiratory Buzz words > Buzz Words > Flashcards

Buzz Words Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground glass appearance on CXR

A

pulmonary fibrosis and resp distress syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Miliary tuberculous

A

spread of organism into bloodstream. If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into lung occurs. If organism spread via pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, kidneys

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8
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Good pasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as a pet

A

Caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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10
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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11
Q

tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuanna

A

probably pneumothorax (marfan’s)

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12
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

D sign on X ray

A

empyema

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15
Q

“steeple” sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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16
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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17
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-trimoxazole [± prednisolone if severe])

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18
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + silcyclate sensitivity

A

samter’s triad

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19
Q

alcoholic (danger or aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

20
Q

red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

21
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

22
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

23
Q

cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

24
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

25
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

26
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

squamous cell ca. of the lung

27
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

28
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

sarcoid

29
Q

eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

silicosis

30
Q

‘heart failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin, found in chronic pulmonary oedema and associated (severe) LV HF. also seen in long standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon focus

A

area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura- found in TB.

32
Q

Assmann focus

A

apical lesion of secondary TB infection

33
Q

“coin lesion” found on chest radiographs- common lesions are…

A

Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

34
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil) and the lack of sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face. - due to the cervical sympathetic chain.

35
Q

acute management of asthma

A

a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
b. Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back.
c. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
d. Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly
e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
f Magnesium
g anaesthetist

36
Q

thumbprint sign on head x ray

A

epiglottitis

37
Q

inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

38
Q

snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

39
Q

management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A 
I - ipratropium
S- salbulatmol 
O- oxygen
A- amoxicillin 
P- prednisolone
40
Q

non- smoker and lung cancer

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

41
Q

squamous and small-cell lung cancer

A

Central

42
Q

high d-dimers

A

suspect (but not diagnose) PE (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

43
Q

low d-dimers

A

exclude PE

44
Q

large PE

A

thrombolysis

45
Q

Small PE

A

LMWH

46
Q

honeycomb lung

A

fibrosing alveolitis

Respiratory Buzz words (1 decks)

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