Buzz words 2a Flashcards
1
Q
Anti-mi-2
A
dermatomyositis
2
Q
Anti-Jo-1
A
polymyositis
3
Q
Inverted champagne bottle sign leg
A
Charcot Marie tooth
4
Q
Calf pseudohypertrophy
A
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
5
Q
HLA-DR2
A
Multiple sclerosis
6
Q
Warming up phenomenon
A
Weakness temporarily relieved by use (LES)
7
Q
Romberg test
A
Can’t stand with feet together and eyes closed (peripheral neuropathy)
8
Q
what does squamous cell carcinoma secrete
A
PTH and keratin
9
Q
Beck’s triad
A
pericardial tamponade - low blood pressure, muffled heart sounds, raised jugular venous pressure
10
Q
what is high in seminoma
A
ALP
11
Q
what is high in choriocarcinoma
A
hCG
12
Q
what is high in yok sac tumour
A
AFP
13
Q
ejection systolic murmur heard loudest on inspiration
A
pulmonary stenosis
14
Q
Budd-Chiari syndrome
A
abdominal pain, ascites and liver enlargement
15
Q
severe/complicated malaria treatment
A
IV artesunate
16
Q
reverse opioid overdose
A
naloxone
17
Q
pleuritic chest pain
(worse on deep breaths), shortness of breath and haemoptysis
A
Pulmonary embolism
18
Q
DPP4 inhibitor mechanism
A
increase effect of incretins leading to increased insulin secretion
19
Q
Pioglitiazone mechanism
A
increase fatty acid and glucose uptake
20
Q
sulfanylureas mechanism
A
stimulate B cells to secrete insulin
21
Q
SGLT-2i mechanism
A
reduces glucose reabsorption in the kidney
22
Q
metformin mechanism
A
inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and opposes glucagon.
23
Q
metyrapone
A
inhibits cortisol in Cushing’s
24
Q
pegvisomant
A
GH receptor antagonist for acromegaly
25
GRACE score
estimate 6-month mortality following ACS
26
cardinal features of CHD
SOB, fatigue and ankle swelling
27
symptoms of aortic stenosis
exertional syncope, dyspnoea, angina
28
loud first heart sound
mitral stenosis
29
soft s1
mitral regurgitation
30
pulsus tardus
delayed carotid pulse in aortic stenosis
31
opening snap
mitral stenosis
32
pulsus parvus
weak carotid pulse in aortic stenosis
33
indomethacin
prostaglandin inhibitor can stimulate closure of patent ductus arteriosus
34
epsilon wave
between QRS and T wave and found in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
35
QRISK3
estimates risk of developing a heart attack or stroke in next 10 years.
36
most common prostate cancer
adenocarcinoma
37
first line for BPH and mechanism
tamsulosin - alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, relaxes smooth muscles of bladder
38
first line investigation for renal cancer
ultrasound
39
Surgical treatment of BPH
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
40
nephrotic syndrome types
minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy
41
nephritic syndrome types
IgA nephropathy, post-strep glomerulonephritis, good pastures syndrome
42
starry sky immunoflorescence
post-strep glomerulonephritis
43
type of hypersensitivity and time after infection of IgA nephropathy
3 - 2-3 days
44
type of hypersensitivity and time after infection of post-strep glomerulonephritis
3 - 1-6 weeks
45
potters sequence
little amniotic fluid in uterus leads to clubbed feet and flattened nose (in PKD)
46
ECG change in atrial fibrillation
absent P wave, narrow QRS
47
saddle shaped ST segment elevation
acute pericarditis
48
carcinoid syndrome triad
palpitations, diarrhoea and flushing
49
enlarged virchows nodes
gastric cancer
50
meningococcal septicaemia treatment
benzylpenicillin
51
vasculitis that is pulseless
takayasu arteritis
52
HAS-BLEED
estimate the 1-year risk for major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation
53
QRISK3
calculates a person's risk of developing a heart attack/ stroke over the next 10 years
54
initial management of DVT
dalteparin (LMWH)
55
long term management of DVT
either warfarin (with INR monitoring), apixiban (DOAC) or continue LMWH (pregnancy or malignancy)
56
cushing reflex
sign of increased ICP - HTN, irregular breathing, bradycardia - herniation imminent
57
CEA
bowel cancer marker
58
antibiotic for syphilis
benzathine penicillin
59
meningococcal menigiits contact prophylaxis
ciprofloxacin
60
glasgow-blatchford score and its features.
upper GI bleeding tool - haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, HR, melena, syncope, hepatic disease and cardiac disease
61
first line viral hepatitis B treatment
pegylated interferon alpha 2a
62
second line viral hepatitis B treatment
tenofovir (also used in HIV)
63
yellow fat deposits under the skin and eye lids in liver cirrhosis
Xanthelasma
64
most common cause of portal HTN in developing world
schistosomiasis
65
ascites treatment
<2000mg sodium/day, spironolactone and furosemide
66
west haven criteria
hepatic encephalopathy staging
67
symptoms of wernickes encephalopathy
confused, ataxia, eye wobbling, memory impairment
68
hepatic encephalopathy treatment
lactulose decreases ammonia
69
most common bacterial cause of peritonitis
klebsiella, e.coli and staph aureus
70
peritonitis treatment
cephalosporin and then targeted antibiotic after culture
71
HFE mutation
haemochromatosis
72
wilsons disease key feature
kayser fleischer ring
73
AFP7B mutation
wilsons disease
74
CA19-9 marker
cholangiocarcinoma
75
diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis
raised ALP, histological evidence, antimitochondrial antibodies
76
anti mitochondrial antibody
primary biliary cholangitis
77
gold investigation of PSC
cholangiopancreatography shows strictures separated by normal bile duct
78
antibodies present in PSC
anti nuclear antibodies
79
treatment of primary biliary cholangitis
ursodeoxycholic acid
80
glasgow and ranson score
acute pancreatitis
81
high foecal elastase
chronic pancreatitis
82
crypt abscesses
UC
83
UC treatment
5-aminosalicyclic acid (mesalamine), prednisolone, infliximab, colectomy
84
marsh classification
coeliac disease
85
dermatitis herpetiformis
red patches in coeliac
86
intraepithelial lymphocytes
coeliac
87
APC gene mutation
RF for colorectal cancer (usually is tumour suppressor)
88
troisier sign
enlargement of a left-sided supraclavicular lymph node (virchows node)
89
C.diff treatment
Metronidazole
90
gold standard investigation for diagnosing acute diverticulitis?
Contrast CT colonography
91
tests for cystic fibrosis
heel prick test and sweat test
92
pancoast tumour
tumour that start's at the apex of the lung
93
what is horner's syndrome
compression of sympathetic chain - ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis (sweating on one side of face)
94
when can lung cancer met from
Breast, colon cancer, prostate, sarcoma, bladder cancer
95
treatment for oesophageal varicies
IV Terlipressin or somatostatin in IHD
96
complications of acromegaly
sleep apnoea, T2DM, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, IHD/stroke, colorectal cancer, blindness
97
first line treatment for acromegaly
transphenoidal resection surgery
98
other treatment for acromegaly
cabergoline (DA), octreotide (SA), pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)
99
Heberdens
distal interphalangeal joints
100
carotid bruit cause and investigation
stroke and CT head
101
emergency reversal of vitamin K antagonist therapy
Prothrombin complex concentrates
102
disseminated intra-vascular coagulation treatment
Cryoprecipitate (portion of plasma rich in clotting factors)
103
Low serum complement 3 and 4
SLE
104
1,3 beta-D-glucan assay
Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans and Pneumocystis jirovecii
105
what is budd chiari syndrome
occlusion of hepatic veins or hepatic IVC
106
what are 50% of Budd chiari syndrome cases associated with
myeloproliferative neoplasm
107
treatment of budd chiari syndrome
anticoagulation, thrombolysis, stent, TIPS
108
SLE treatment
Hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids
109
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Results in low levels of cortisol and high levels of male hormones, causing development of male characteristics in females, and early puberty in both boys and girls.
110
most common causes of meningitis in >3 months
s.pneumonia, neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae
111
c-reactive protein
produced by liver, rises in acute inflammation
112
migraine prophylaxis
Beta blocker, topiramate, amitriptyline
113
CA 19-9
pancreatic cancer
114
CA 125
ovarian cancer
115
CA 15-3
breast cancer
116
austin flint murmur
aortic regurgitation
117
47 XXY
Klinefelter syndrome
118
45, XO
Turners syndrome
119
prevention of tumour lysis syndrome
Allopurinol
120
Pericarditis on ECG
global concave ST elevation, which is described as ‘saddle-shaped’
121
treatment of sickle cell crisis
Hydroxycarbamide - increases the proportion of foetal haemoglobin
122
what treatment is given prior to phaeochromocytoma surgery
Phenoxybenzamine to regulate BP
123
surgery to relieve carpal tunnel syndrome
Transverse carpal ligament is cut to release pressure
124
Obstructive pattern
FEV1 <0.8 and FEV1/FVC <0.7
125
Most common organism in COPD exacerbation
haemophilus influenzae, strep pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis
126
life threatening complication of rheumatoid arthritis
feltys triad
127
extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis
Skin: Nodules, vasculitis (ulcers, splinter haemorrhages)
Ocular, Oral: Sjogren’s
Pulmonary: Pleuritis, effusions
Renal: Glomerulonephritis
Cardiac: atherosclerosis, pericarditis, MI
128
protocol for taking blood cultures for a patient with infective endocarditis
3 cultures from 3 different sites taken at different times
129
What is the first-line management of a mallory weiss tear if the bleeding is persistent?
Upper GI endoscopy and clipping +/- adrenaline OR thermal coagulation + High-dose proton pump inhibitor post-surgery
130
where can kidney stones get stuck
Ureteropelvic junction, ureteral crossing of iliac vessels, ureterovesical junction
131
What radiological intervention can be used to treat renal tract stones?
ultrasound shock wave lithotripsy
132
most common complication of bisphosphonates
oesphageal ulcers and stomach upset
133
what do you give a meningitis patient who presents to GP
Intramuscular Benzylpenicillin
134
hospital treatment of meningitis and class
Cefotaxime/ceftriaxone (3rd generation Cephalosporin)
135
pneumonia causes in HIV
Pneumocystitis jirovecii
136
Owl’s eye appearance on blood film
hodgkins lymphoma
137
Mechanism of beta-lactams
Inhibits transpeptidation reactions needed to cross-link peptidoglycans in the cell wall.
138
How to manage TIa/stroke in terms of DVLA and driving
Do not notify the DVLA but no driving for 1 month
139
most common primary bone tumour in children and young adults.
osteosarcoma
140
when should DEXA scan be offered
if FRAX > 10% or in people over 50 with a previous fragility fracture, or people >40 with a major risk factor
141
antibiotic class that inhibit DNA gyrase
Quinolones
142
most specific marker for acute liver damage
ALT
143
pernicious anaemia treatment
IM hydroxocobalamin
144
most common bladder cancer
transitional cell carcinoma (aka urothelial carcinoma).
