Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aNBEO > Butterworth Ch. 10 Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Butterworth Ch. 10 Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q 
The sheet of dense connective tissue that runs from the orbital margin to the tarsal plate and helps to prevent lid infections from entering the orbit is (the):
a. periorbita
b. the tenon capsule
c. orbital septum
d. suspensory of ligament (of Lockwood)
palpebral aponeurosis
A

C; orbital septum

Tenon capsule prevents infection from entering the globe, not the orbit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is located in the medial wall of the orbit?

a. greater wing of sphenoid
b. lesser wing of sphenoid
c. frontal bone
d. nasal bone
e. body of sphenoid

A

Answer: B, lesser wing of sphenoid. The lesser wing and the frontal bone are in the roof; the greater wing is in the lateral wall; the nasal bone is not part of the orbit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The fossa for the lacrimal gland is:
A. demarcated by the anterior and posterior lacrimal crests
B. formed in part by the maxilla
C. located anterior to the orbital septum
D. formed in part by the zygomatic bone E. located in the frontal bone

A

Answer: E
The gland is superior and temporal in the orbit. The sac is medal. The fossa for the lacrimal sac is demarcated by the crests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which connective tissue expansion lies anterior to the orbital septum? A. lateral check ligament
B. medial palpebral ligament C. superior check ligament
I), lateral palpebral ligament
II. suspensory ligament of Lockvvood

A

Answer: B

Because the ligament is attached to the crest of the fossa for the lacrimal sac. It is anterior to the orbital septum, because on purpose of the septum is to separate the sac from the orbital contents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
6. Which extraocular muscle belly makes the same angle with the sagittal
(Y) axis as the optic nerve does?
 A. medial rectus
B. lateral rectus C. superior rectus
D. superior oblique 
E. inferior oblique
A

Answer: C
Superior rectus. The vertical rectus muscles make the same angle w/ the sagittal (Y) axis (23 degrees) as the optic nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
7. Which extraocular muscle has its insertion in the superior, lateral,
posterior quadrant of the globe? 
A. superior rectus
B. inferior rectus 
C. superior oblique 
D. inferior oblique 
E. lateral rectus
A
  1. Answer: C
    superior oblique; The 4 rectus muscles have their insertions in the anterior globe, the inferior oblique insertion is in the inferior globe.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. The only muscle to have its anatomic origin anterior to the globe is the: A. superior rectus
    B. inferior rectus C. superior oblique
    D. inferior oblique
    E. palpebral levator
A
  1. Answer: D
    inferior oblique; The inferior oblique has its origin in the maxillary bone; the physiologic origin of the superior oblique is anterior to the globe. The anatomic origin of both the superior oblique and the levator is on the sphenoid bone. All rectus muscles have their origin on the CTR.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
10. A ciliorctinal artery originates from: 
A. the central retinal artery
B. the long posterior ciliary arteries
C. the anterior ciliary arteries 
D. the circle of Zinn-Haller
E. the choriocapillaris
A
  1. Answer: D
    the circle of Zinn-Haller; A cilioretinal artery is from the ciliary supply (short ciliary arteries) but located in the retina.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
11. Which of the following is a branch of the maxillary artery? 
A. central retinal artery
B. infraorbital artery
C. posterior ciliary artery 
D. lacrimal artery
E. lateral muscular artery
A
  1. Answer: B

infraorbital artery; The rest are branches of the ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Fibers of the parasympathetic root to the ciliary ganglion that enter the
    globe through the short ciliary nerves:
    A. cause vasoconstriction in choroidal vessels
    B. innervate the blood vessels of the lacrimal gland
    C. cause mydriasis
    D. cause ptosis
    E. innervate the iris sphincter
A
  1. Answer E
    innervate the iris sphincter; Sympathetic nerves cause vasoconstriction of choroidal vessels, mydriasis; interruption of the sympathetic would cause ptosis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
14. The supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the: A. nasociliary nerve
B. frontal nerve
C. oculomotor nerve
D. lacrimal nerve
E. maxillary nerve
A
  1. Answer: B

frontal nerve; The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves join to form the frontal nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
16. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate ocular structures enter the skull through the:
A. foramen magnum 
B. foramen rotundum
C. foreman lacrum 
D. jugular fissure
E. carotid canal
A
  1. Answer: E

carotid canal; They enter as the sympathetic plexus around the internal carotid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
18. Which cranial nerve (CN) nuclei are located in the pons? 
A. III and IV
B. III, IV, and VI
C. IV, V, and VI
D. V, VI, and VII 
E. Ill, VI. and V
A
  1. Answer D

5, 6, and 7; The midbrain contains nuclei from CNs 3 and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Which structure forms the adhesions that cause the superior palpebral sulcus?
    A. superior check ligament
    B. levator aponeurosis
    C. tendon of the superior tarsal muscle
    D. superior tarsal plate
    E. both medial and lateral palpebral ligaments
A
  1. Answer B

levator aponeurosis; The tendon inserts into the skin of the tarsal region of the upper lid, thus forming the furrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
21. Which one of the following muscles causes the vertical furrows between the eyebrows that is seen in concentration?
A. the frontalis
B. the procerus
C. the corrugator 
D. the orbicularis
A
  1. Answer C
    corrugated; The corrugator moves the eyebrows medially, the frontal raises the eyebrows, the procerus lowers the medial side of the eyebrow, and the orbicularis lowers the eyebrow.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. The fossa for the lacrimal sac is bridged by:
    A. the anterior and posterior bands of the medial check ligament
    B. the tendon of insertion of the medial rectus muscle
    C. the plica semilunaris
    D. the limbs of the medial palpebral ligament
    E. the orbital septum
A
  1. Answer: D
    the limbs of the medial palpebral; The medial check ligament and orbital septum are posterior to the medial palpebral ligament.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. The function of the valve of Hasner is to:
    A. prevent retrograde fluid movement from the nasal passage into the
    nasolacrimal duct
    B. prevent fluid movement from the nasolacrimal duct into the
    lacrimal sac
    C. regulate the amount of fluid secreted by the lacrimal gland
    D. regulate How of aqueous into the external collector channels
    E. control meibomian gland secretion
A
  1. Answer: A
    prevent retrograde fluid movement from the nasal passage into the nasolacrimal duct; The valve of Hasner is located at the end of the nasolacrimal duct as it empties into the nasal meatus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. The goblet cells that secrete the mucin layer of the tear film are located in:
    A. the stroma of bulbar conjunctiva
    B. both palpebral and bulbar conjunctival epithelium
    C. the conjunctival forniccs only
    D. the lymphoid layer of the submucosa
A
  1. Answer: B
    both palpebral and bulbar conjunctival epithelium; Goblet cells are a form of epithelial cell and would not be located in stromal layers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
27. The Schwann cell coat is lost as sensory nerves of the cornea pass
through the:
A. limbal stroma
B. Descemet membrane
C. corneal wing cells 
D. basement membrane
A
  1. Answer: B
    descemet membrane; Only naked nerve endings are in the epithelium; the nerves lose their myelin as they enter the corneal stroma from the limbus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. Which of the following describes an accurate relation between the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces?
    A. the radius of curvature of the posterior central cornea is longer
    than that of the anterior central cornea
    B. the vertical diameter of the anterior cornea is longer than the
    vertical diameter of the posterior cornea
    C. the anterior central cornea has a flatter curve than the posterior
    central cornea
    D. the horizontal diameter of the posterior cornea is longer than the
    horizontal diameter of the anterior cornea
A
  1. Answer C
    the anterior cornea has as flatter curve than the posterior central cornea; The anterior corneal surface has a longer radius of curvature than the posterior, the posterior vertical diameter is longer than the anterior.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
30. Glycosaminoglycans, molecules important to corneal structure, are located in:
A. the wing cell layer 
B. keratocytes
C. the stromal collagen fibrils 
D. the stromal ground substance
A
  1. Answer D

the stromal ground substance; The GAGs help maintain spacing between fibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Which of the following is true regarding the difference in opacity between sclera and cornea?
    A. the sclera has more glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) than the cornea
    B. the cornea is more hydrated than the sclera
    C. corneal fibrils have a greater variety in diameter than scleral fibrils D. spacing between scleral collagen fibrils is more regular than that
    in the cornea
    E. more elastic fibers are in the cornea than are in the sclera
A
  1. B
    the cornea is more hydrated than the sclera; The cornea has more GAGs and more regular collagen fibrils, in both size and spacing.
23
Q 
36. The Schwalbe line is located at the: 
A. transition of the Bowman layer
B. scleral spur
C. base of the trabecular meshwork
D. termination of the Descemet membrane 
E. iris root
A
  1. answer: D

termination of the descemet membrane; By definition, the termination of Descemet membrane is called Schwalbe’s line.

24
Q
  1. blue iris differs from a brown iris because:
    A. far fewer melanosomes are in the iris epithelia in the blue iris
    B. a continuous epithelium covers the surface of the brown iris, but not the blue iris
    C. no collagenous trabeculae exist in the brown iris, but they are numerous in the blue iris
    D. the density of both melanocytes and trabeculae is higher in the brown iris
A
  1. answer: D
    the density of both melanocytes and trabecular is higher in the brown iris; In all but the albino iris, the two epithelial layers contain dense melanosomes
25
Q 
38. The minor circle of the iris is located in the: 
A. stroma of the ciliary body
B. iris stroma C. collarette
D. iris anterior border layer 
E. at the iris root
A
  1. answer: B

iris stroma; The major circle of the iris is located in the ciliary body.

26
Q 
39. The anterior iris epithelium is composed of: 
A. pigmented columnar epithelium
B. fibroblasts and melanocytes
C. myoepithelium
D. nonpigmented cuboidal epithelium
A
  1. answer: C

myoepithelium; The basal part of the epithelial cell is the smooth muscle of the dilator.

27
Q
  1. The location of the pupil within the iris is:
    A. nasal and superior to center
    B. temporal and superior lo center C. nasal and inferior to center
    D. temporal and inferior to center
A
  1. answer: C

By definition, the location of the pupil within the iris is nasal and inferior to center.

28
Q 
42. The parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle enters the orbit via the:
A. ophthalmic nerve 
B. oculomotor nerve
C. dorsonasal nerve 
D. maxillary nerve E. abducens nerve
A
  1. answer: B
    oculomotor nerve; The parasympathetic fibers originates in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus part of the third nerve nuclear complex.
29
Q 
43. The insertion of the longitudinal muscle (of Bruche) of the ciliary muscle is:
A. on the scleral spur
B. in the ciliary processes
C. in anterior choroid 
D. at the Schwalbe line
E. at the trabecular meshwork
A
  1. answer: C

in the anterior choroid; The origin in on the scleral spur.

30
Q
  1. The pars plicata of the ciliary body:
    A. terminates at the ora serrata
    B. contains 70 to 80 ciliary processes
    C. extends into the anterior chamber
    D. is the location of the transition between retinal and ciliary epithelia
A
  1. answer: B
    contains 70 to 80 ciliary processes; The pars plana ends at the ora seratta; the pars plicata extends into the posterior chamber.
31
Q 
46. The region of the lens with the highest index of refraction is the: 
A. cortex
B. adult nucleus
C. embryonic nucleus
D. fetal nucleus 
E. capsule
A
  1. answer: C

embryonic nucleus; The embryonic nucleus at the lens center is the oldest and densest region of the lens.

32
Q
  1. Secondary lens fibers are those:
    A. composed of collagen
    B. formed as a result of mitosis in the pre-equatorial zone
    C. that attach the lens capsule to the zonule of Zinn
    D. located in the embryonic nucleus
    E. that retain their cellular organelles throughout life
A
  1. answer: B
    formed as a result of mitosis in the pre-equatorial zone; All fibers after the fibers formed by the posterior epithelium are secondary fibers; all mature fibers lose their cellular organelles.
33
Q 
48. Which of the following is composed of the youngest lens fibers? 
A. fetal nucleus
B. embryonic nucleus 
C. adult nucleus
D. juvenile nucleus E. lens cortex
A
  1. answer: E

lens cortex; These are the newest lens fibers.

34
Q 
49. The posterior choroid is supplied primarily by the: 
A. long posterior ciliary arteries
B. anterior ciliary arteries
C. anterior choroidal artery 
D. short ciliary arteries
E. posterior choroidal artery
A
  1. answer: D
    short ciliary arteries; The long posterior arteries supply the anterior segment; the choroidal arteries supply areas of the brain.
35
Q 
51. The juncture between the posterior lens and the vitreal face is called the:
A. vitreous base
B. peripapillary ring
C. hyaloideocapsular ligament 
D. the suspensory ligament
E. the ligament of Lockwood
A
  1. answer: C
    hyaloideocapsular ligament; The vitreous base attaches to the ciliary body, the suspensory ligament attaches lens to ciliary body, and the ligament of Lockwood supports the globe.
36
Q
  1. The indentation in anterior vitreous in which the lens is located is called (the):
    A. space of Berger B. Cloquet canal
    C. valley of Kuhnt D. patellar fossa
    E. canal of Petit
A
  1. answer: D,

patellar fossa; the space of berger is the space between the vitreous and lens.

37
Q
  1. The deep retinal capillary network is located in the__________ , and the superficial retinal capillary network is located in the ___________.
    A. outer nuclear layer; ganglion cell layer
    B. nerve fiber layer: inner nuclear layer
    C. nerve fiber layer: outer clear layer
    D. inner nuclear layer: nerve liber layer
    E. outer plexiform layer; outer plexiform layer
A
  1. answer: D,

the inner nuclear layer; nerve fiber layer.

38
Q
  1. Which synapse occurs in the outer plexiform layer of the retina?
    A. between a rod spherule and a bipolar cell dendrite
    B. between a horizontal cell process and an amacrine process C. between a bipolar cell dendrite and a ganglion cell axon
    D. between a horizontal cell process and a bipolar cell axon
    E. between an amacrine cell process and a ganglion cell
    dendrite
A
  1. answer: A,
    between a rod spherule and a bipolar cell dendrite;

The outerplexiform layer contains rod spherules, cone pedicules, bipolar cell dendrites, and horizontal cell processes. The inner plexiform layer contains bipolar cell axons, ganglion cell dendrites, and amacrine cell processes.

39
Q 
56. The amacrine cell synapses with: A. other amacrine cells
B. rod spherules
C. bipolar cell dendrites
D. horizontal cell processes 
E. ganglion cell axons
A
  1. answer: A
    other amacrine cells;
    amacrine cells synapse in the IPL
40
Q 
61. Which region of the optic nerve head do the superior temporal retinal libers occupy?
A. nasal third
B. temporal third
C. superior wedge 
D. inferior wedge
A
  1. answer: C

superior wedge; The temporal third contains the papillomacular bundle.

41
Q 
63. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is located: 
A. in the pulvinar of the thalamus
B. lateral to the lateral ventricle
C. within the midbrain
D. in the interpeduncular fossa 
E. in the parietal lobe
A
  1. answer: A

in the pulvinar of the thalamus; The LGN is medial to the lateral ventricles.

42
Q
  1. The lateral side of the optic tract carries fibers from the:
    A. inferior temporal retina of the contralateral eye
    B. superior temporal retina of the ipsilateral eye
    C. superior nasal retina of the contralateral eye
    D. inferior nasal retina of the contralateral eye
A
  1. answer: D
    inferior nasal retina of the contralateral eye; The inferior (lower) fibers are either lower or lateral in the pathway, and nasal fibers cross.
43
Q 
1. The lens placode develops in: 
A. surface ectoderm
B. neural ectoderm C. neural crest
D. mesoderm 
E. mesenchyme
A

A, Surface ectoderm. Neural ectoderm forms the optic cup; mesenchyme is from neural crest and mesoderm.

44
Q 
The iris sphincter muscle is derived from: 
A. the mesoderm of the iris stroma
B. the pupillary membrane 
C. neural ectoderm
D. the second wave of mesenchyme 
E. neural crest
A

C, neural ectoderm.f Most muscle tissue is derived from mesenchyme; the iris muscles are unusual in that they are derived from neural ectoderm.

45
Q

When do the ganglion cell axons of the optic nerve begin to show myelin?
A. as they enter the optic stalk to begin growing toward the lateral
geniculate nucleus (LGN)
B. once they pass through the optic chiasm
C. as soon as they exit the ganglion cell
D. once they reach the LGN

A

D, once they reach the LGN. The ganglion cell axons are unmyelinated until they reach their termination, and then the myelin is laid down around the fibers from the LGN to the lamina cribrosa.

46
Q
  1. The cells forming the optic vesicle:
    A. are oriented with the basal aspect lining the cavity
    B. are mesodermal in origin
    C. will differentiate into the lens placode
    D. were derived from neural crest cells
    E. are continuous with those that will form the forebrain
A

E, are continuous w/ those that will form the forebrain. The optic vesicle is neural ectoderm, and the apical surface lines the cavity.

47
Q 
8. Remnants of the pupillary membrane are incorporated into the: 
A. major circle of the iris
B. anterior vascular tunic of the lens 
C. iris collarette
D. trabecular meshwork
E. pupillary ruff
A

C, iris collarette. The anterior vascular tunic is formed before the membrane; the pupillary membrane also contributes to the minor circle and the anterior border layer; the pupillary ruff is epithelial tissue.

48
Q
  1. Neural crest cells arise from:
    A. the apices of the folds formed before neural tube formation
    B. areas of mesoderm
    C. the terminations of the lens placode D. the crests of the optic fissure
A

A, the apices of the folds formed before the neural tube formation. By definition, neural crest cells arise from apices of the folds formed before neural tube formation.

49
Q
  1. The excavation for the physiologic optic cup occurs with regression of which embryonic structure?
    A. pupillary membrane
    B. optic fissure
    C. vacuoles within the inner layer of the optic stalk
    D. the glial tissue of the hyaloid system
A

D, the glial tissue of the hyaloid system. Vacuoles w/in the inner layer of the optic stalk provide channels for the optic nerve fibers.

50
Q 
14. The retinal ganglion cell layer in the adult occupies which area that was present during embryologic development?
A. the transient fiber layer of Chicvitz
B. the intraretinal space
C. the marginal zone of His 
D. the inner neuroblastic layer
A

C, the marginal zone of His. The transient layer of Chievitz lies between the neuroblastic layers; the intraretinal space is between the two layers of the optic cup.

51
Q 
15. The posterior epithelial cells of the lens vesicle form the: 
A. fetal nucleus
B. juvenile nucleus C. embryonic nucleus
D. zonular fibers
E. secondary lens fibers
A

C, embryonic nucleus. The posterior epithelium forms the primary lens fibers, and the fetal and juvenile nuclei are of secondary fibers.

52
Q
  1. Which retinal cells are formed by cells of the outer neuroblastic layer? A. ganglion cells
    B. Miiller cells
    C. bipolar cells
    D. amacrine cells
A

C, bipolar cells. The outer neuroblastic layer forms the photoreceptor, bipolar, and horizontal cells; the inner neuroblastic layer forms amacrine, ganglion, and Müller cells.

53
Q 
20. The longitudinal ciliary muscle fibers are derived from:
A. surface ectoderm
B. an island of neural ectodermal cells
C. the outer layer of the optic cup
D. mesenchyme
A

D, mesenchyme. Most muscle is derived from mesenchyme.

54
Q

The horizontal retinal raphe is formed…

A

Because the peripheral fibers must arch around the already present central fibers.

aNBEO (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions