Business Management - Unit 3, Area of study 2B Flashcards
on-the-job, off-the-job training, performance management strategies, termination management, roles of particcipants in the workplace, awards and agreements, dispute resolution process
What is Training?
Providing staff with knowledge, skills and behaviours required to do their current job more efficiently and effectively.
What are the two types of training?
> On-the-job
Off-the-job
What is On-the-job training?
Providing staff with new knowledge or skills through programs conducted at the workplace
What are the four ways On-the-Job training can be carried out? Briefly explain these.
> Coaching - provided by a supervisor or work colleague. Planned one-on-one training.
Role Modelling - Where staff are encouraged to imitate the behaviour of a supervisor or colleague
Apprenticeships - Learning from an experienced person over a long period of time
Job Rotation - Moving within or between departments to provide a broader experience and familiarity with the entire business and its operations.
Two advantages and disadvantages of On-the-Job training
> Advantages
- Employee is being trained on the specific equipment used on their role
- Cost effective as money is not spent on an outside course provider.
> Disadvantages
- The trained has to leave their own duties to train
- Learning environment can be distracting as other staff go about normal duties
What is Off-the-Job training?
Providing staff with new knowledge or skills through programs conducted away from the workplace.
What are the three ways Off-the-Job training can be carried out? Briefly explain these.
> Lectures and conferences - held for a large group of attendees. Presenters have considerable depths of knowledge.
Official Courses - Employee will undertake an official course run by specialised training organisations (e.g TAFE)
Simulations - visual games and case studies used to model real-life situations (e.g airline training).
Two advantages and disadvantages of Off-the-Job training
> Advantages
- A wider range of skills can be taught
- Less chance of training being interrupted by workplace issues
> Disadvantages
- More costly, course fees, transport
- Lost working time as staff are away from the workplace
Similarities and differences between On-the-job and Off-the-job training
> Similarities
Both methods help to improve the skills of the employees by improving their knowledge
> Differences
On-the-job training is provided at the workplace and often provided by staff members whereas Off-the-job is always outside of the workplace and usually provided by people external to the business
What is Performance Management?
An assessment of employee’s present work performance and how this can be directed to organisational, functional and individual objectives.
What are the four ways of managing employee performance?
> Management by Objectives
Performance Appraisals
Self-Evaluation
Employee Observation
What is management by objectives?
Where the manager and employee JOINTLY determine a set of employee goals (objectives) that aligns with business objectives. (locke and latham)
- managers should be aware of employees progress and offer support
Advantages and disadvantages of management by objectives.
> Advantages
- improved communication
- employee accountability, employees all play a role in achieving business objectives
> Disadvantages
- Time consuming to set individual goals for staff
- if goal is not achieved it can be demotivating
What are performance Appraisals?
A METHOD of performance management. measures how well an employee has performed their job through documenting their performance, providing feedback, and establishing plans to improve
- It identifies who needs training and motivational programs
Advantages and disadvantages of Performance Appraisals.
> Advantages
- Helps to make important decisions like promotions, Transfers, and terminations
- Helps to identify employee needs
> Disadvantages
- Time consuming
- Could be biased, manager may not get the bigger picture if only appraising in one area.
What is self-evaluation?
When an employee assesses both their performance related to pre-determined objectives, they reflect on their own performance prior to a review discussion with management
Advantages and disadvantages of Self-evaluation.
> Advantages
- Allows the employees to see their own strengths and weaknesses.
> Disadvantages
- It is sometimes very difficult to self-assess, could be bias.
What is Employee observation?
A 360 degree method where feedback is collected from people who work with the employee such as managersm colleagues, sometimes customers.
- Managers talk to people employee works with to get feedback
Employee can be observed WITH or WITHOUT knowledge
- manager reports back to the employee
Advantages and disadvantages of Employee observation.
> Advantages
- Gainig feeback from multiple people may make it easier to determine similarities in opinions
> Disadvantages
- Could be biased, time consuming to gather feeback from so many people
- Employee may change style if they know theyre being assessed
What is Termination?
Termination is results from decisions made by either the employee or employer to end the employment contract and relationship
Types of Termination (2)
> Voluntary termination- when an employee choose to leave the business through retirement or resignation
> Involuntary termination- when the employer decided to end the employment relationship through redundancy or dismissal.
What are the four types of termination under Voluntary and Involuntary?
Voluntary
- Retirement
- Resignation
- Redundancy
Involuntary
- Dismissal
- Redundancy
