business functions Flashcards
two different approaches to HR?
hard vs soft approach= hard emphasises the resources aspect and soft emphasises the human aspect
what is the harvard 4 c’s model of HRM?
commitment, competence, congruence and cost-effectiveness
guidance for managing an IT function?
monitoring, planning, structure, staffing and skills
What is a marketing orientated business?
one which accepts the needs of potential customers as the basis of its operations = success based on developing and marketing products which satisfy those needs
sales orientation?
i.e. pressure selling= purpose is to sell more of the product or service which they already have available
production orientation?
business is preoccupied with making as many units as possible
product orientation?
the company falls in love with its product- often seen with high-tech industries
customer
the person who purchases and pays for a good or service
consumer
the ultimate user of the good or service
what goods are sold in consumer markets?
FMCG’s and consumer durables
what are industrial markets?
B2B e.g. oil
what is marketing segmentation?
division of the market into homogenous groups of potential customers that may be treated similarly for marketing purposes
markeitng mix?
set of controllable marketing variables that a firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market- kotler
what are the 4 p’s of marketing mix?
product, price, promotion, place
what are the 4 types of promotion?
sales promotion, advertising, public relations, personal selling
pull promotion?
persauding the ultimate consumer to buy
push promotion?
ensuring products/services are available to consumers by encouraging intermediaries eg. sainsburys, to stock items
what are the three extra p’s for services marketing mix?
people, processes, physical evidence
what variables does operations management balance?
demand, resources, capacity(i.e of machines and people), inventory levels, performance of the process which creates the goods or services
what are the 4 factors of procurement mix>
quantity, quality, price, ‘lead time’
What is the technostructure of a company?
specialists in functional areas such as IT or HR
What is the strateig apex?
MD
middle line?
middle line of managers
fayols 14 principles of organisational structure?
division of work scalar chain correspondence of authority and responsibility appropriate centralisation unity of command unity of direction initiative subordination discipline order stability equity renumeration esprit de corps
simple strucutre
simple dynamic
small, young, simple tasks
strategic apex
direct supervision
machine bureacracy/functional
simple static
large, old,regulation
technostructure
standardisation of work
professional bureaucracy
complex, static
professional,simple systems
operating core
standardisation of skills
divisionalised
simple, static, diverse
very large, old, divisible tasks
middle line
standardisation of outputs
adhocracy/innovation
complex dynamic
young complex tasks
operating core
mutual adjustment
what is the matrix structure?
formalises vertical and lateral lines of communication
may be temporary i.e a one off contract
managers are appointed for projects or customers and liase with managers from each function
LOOKS LIKE A GRID
who is the matrix structure suitable for?
r and d departmenrs
educational establishments where lectureres report to both subject and course heads
complex/high tech industries
what is centralisation?
when decision making is concentrated in one place i.e the strategic apex
what is distributed ledger technology (blockchain)
data shared across organisations network and also could be shared across organisations which have a shared interest
what is span of control?
the number of people (subordinates) reporting to one person
what determines the shape of an organisation?
management hierarchy
scalar chain
chain of command from the most senior role to the most junior role
tall business
narrow pans of control, large number of levels in management hierarchy
flat business
small number of hierarchical levels= wide spans of control
mechanistic business?
stable, efficient and suitable for slow changing environemnts
organic businesses
flexible, adaptive and suitable for fast changing or dynamic environments
what sort of structure is bureaucracy?
mechanistic
