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business a level > Business Formulas > Flashcards

Business Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

Market share (%)

A

Sales
______________ X100

Total market size

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2
Q

Price elasticity of demand

A

% change in quantity demanded
___________________________________

% change in price

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3
Q

Income elasticity of demand

A

% change in quantity demanded
___________________________________

% change in real income

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4
Q

Capacity utilisation (%)

A

Output
_________ X100

Capacity

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5
Q

Unit cost

A

Total costs
____________

Units output (average cost)

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6
Q

Labour productivity

A

Output per period
____________________

Number of employees

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7
Q

Return on investment (%)

A

Return on investment (£)
___________________________ X100

Cost of investment (£)

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8
Q

Gross profit

A

Sales revenue - cost of sales

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9
Q

Operating profit

A

SR - cost of sales - operating expenses

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10
Q

Profit of the year

A

Operating profit + other profit - net finance costs - tax

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11
Q

Profit margin

A

Profit
________ X100

SR

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12
Q

Contribution per unit

A

Selling price per unit - VC per unit

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13
Q

Total contribution

A

TR - TVC or

Contribution per unit X units sold

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14
Q

Break even

A

Fixed costs
_____________

SP - VC or (contribution per unit)

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15
Q

Labour cost per unit

A

Labour costs
______________

Units of output

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16
Q

Employee costs as a % of turnover

A

Employee costs
______________ X100

Sales turnover

17
Q

Labour turnover (%)

A

Number of staff leaving
__________________________ X100

Average number of staff employed

18
Q

Labour retention (%)

A

Number of staff employed at end of period - number of leavers
____________________________ X100

Number of staff employed at end of period

19
Q

Cash flow

Total inflows

A

All up all cash RECEIVED

20
Q

Cash flow

Total outflows

A

Add up all PAYMENTS made

21
Q

Cash flow

Net cash flow

A

Total inflow - total outflow

22
Q

Cash flow

Opening balance

A

Amount of cash at the start of the month (carried on from last months ending money)

23
Q

Cash flow

Closing balance

A

Net cash flow + opening balance

business a level (13 decks)

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