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Business Ethics & Society > Business Ethics And Society > Flashcards

Business Ethics And Society Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Act utilitatianism

A

A person examines a situation, considers all the possible actions they could take and decides which one would end most favorably for all involved

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1
Q

Absenteeism

A

When an employee is chronically absent from work

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2
Q

Affirmative action

A

Programs which seek to reduce or reverse the effects of past discrimination

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3
Q

Alien tort claims act

A

Allows foreign citizens to bring a citizen of the united states to trial in the united states

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4
Q

Bipartisan campaign reform act

A

(BCRA) designed to limit the use of soft money in political campaigns

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5
Q

Body language

A

The way thats people’s bodies are used in communication, such as through gestures, poses or facial expressions.

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6
Q

Bribe

A

An attempt to influence someone to make a decision they wouldn’t normally make

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7
Q

Caux round table

A

A swiss organization which works to create awareness in business and teaches strategies to maintain a minimum ethical standard

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8
Q

CEO

A

Chief Executive Officer. Responsible for running the company, but must report to the board of directors.

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9
Q

CFO

A

Chief Financial Officer. Responsible for managing budgets, investments and financial goals.

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10
Q

Child labor laws

A

Any law which regards the labor standards affecting persons under 18.

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11
Q

CIO

A

Chief information officer. Responsible for managing a company’s information systems

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12
Q

Civil rights act

A

Act which provides protection against discrimination.

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13
Q

Command and control regualtion

A

Regulations which dictate how a company should manage certain processes that pollute the environment

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14
Q

Conflict diamonds

A

Diamonds which are mined and sold by groups or countries to fund insurrections.

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15
Q

Conflict of interest

A

When a person has multiple roles or interests which influence each other

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16
Q

Consequentialism

A

A term encompassing any moral theory which bases morality on the consequence of an action

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17
Q

Conventional morality

A

A persons main goal is conforming to societal norms and values and bases morality on what is expected of them

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18
Q

Cookie

A

Used to track a persons information and preferences while they are on the internet.

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19
Q

Corporate social responsibility

A

The consideration of large companies about well being of society when they make business decisions

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20
Q

Deontological ethics

A

Claims that the morality of an action is determined by the morality of the action itself - regarding of the consequence

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21
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating a person differently on a basis of race, color, religion, gender or other factors.

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22
Q

Dukes vs wal-mart

A

Dukes unsuccessfully attempt to sue wal-mart for discrimination against women

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23
Q

Economical ethics

A

Ethics regarding business and money related issues.

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24
Q

Economics

A

The study of all of the markets over a particular geographic area

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25
Q

Enron

A

Company which hid billions of dollars in debt through dishonest accounting practices

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26
Q

Environmental justice

A

A move toward equality among races in issues relating to environmental hazards

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27
Q

Environmental Protection Agency

A

(EPA) works to protect workers through regulating environmental factors

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28
Q

Environmental racism

A

When environmental hazards affect different races disproportionately

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29
Q

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

A

A federal agency which investigates violations of the civil rights act

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30
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of designing more comfortably or easily used equipment

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31
Q

Eapionage

A

When companies spy on each other

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32
Q

Ethical egosim

A

The belief that people should act only in their best interests

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33
Q

Ethical relativism

A

The belief that ethics are a product of society, and are therefore determined by it

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34
Q

Facilitating payment

A

Another name for a grease payment

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35
Q

False claims act

A

Law which encourages whistle blowing on companies committing fraud against the government

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36
Q

Family interest

A

When family interests come into play in business decisions. Such as hiring a family member

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37
Q

Federal Labor Standard Acts

A

Dictates child labor standards on the federal level

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38
Q

Food and Drug Administration

A

(FDA) a regulatory agency which was created to ensure public health and safetyl

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39
Q

Foreign Corrupt practices Act

A

Law which makes it illegal for any US company to bribe foreign officials

40
Q

Glass ceiling

A

An invisible barrier to the progress of women and minority groups

41
Q

Grease payment

A

When a person pays a low level official of a foreign country to male something happen faster than it normally would.

42
Q

Hard money

A

Money legally donated to a candidate used for the purpose of campaigning

43
Q

Hostile work environment

A

Created in sexual harassment cases when an action is unwanted, severe and has an effect on the claimants ability to work

44
Q

In kind contribution

A

When a person or company trades goods or services in place of money

45
Q

Insider trading

A

When a person trades stock when they have information not available to the general public which influences their actions

46
Q

International Monetary Fund

A

(IMF) an organization which has the responsibility of stabilizing international trade and preventing international trade crises

47
Q

Kantian ethics

A

Determines the morality of an action bases on the feasibility of applying it as a universal rule

48
Q

Karen silkwood

A

An employee of kerr-mcgee who died suspiciously after investigating the plants inadequate safety measures

49
Q

Kerr-McGee

A

A plant which produced plutonium pellets to fuel nuclear reactors

50
Q

Kimberly Process Certification Scheme

A

Regulates the sale of diamonds to decrease the circulation of conflict diamonds

51
Q

Kohlberg’s model of cognitive moral sevelopment

A

A six step model which describes the stages of human moral development

52
Q

Kyoto protocol

A

Legally binding agreement aimed at reducing worldwide greenhouse gas emissions

53
Q

Labor unions

A

A legal entity which bargains on behalf of employees to improve working conditions

54
Q

Legal ethics

A

Ethics regarding the actions of lawyers

55
Q

Living wage

A

A wage that is sufficient to allow education, reaction, health and eventually retirement.

56
Q

Martha stewart

A

Arrested in 2001 for insider trading

57
Q

Minimum wage

A

A government mandated standard of the lowest pay an employer can give an employee

58
Q

Ministerial conference

A

Conference held every two years which appoints a director of the WTO

59
Q

MNC

A

Multinational corporation

60
Q

Morality

A

Used to describe a persons character, beliefs and how they will act pr respond to different situations

61
Q

New Social Contract

A

Employees are expected to increase their knowledge, improve over time, work their hardest and be loyal and ethical

62
Q

Noisy withdrawal

A

When a lawyer becomes aware of frauds committed by their client and withdraws legal representation for their client

63
Q

North American Free Trade Agreement

A

(NAFTA) an agreement signed between Canada, Mexico and the United States to lower trade barriers

64
Q

Occupational Health and Safety Administration

A

(OSHA) works to protect workers against workplace hazards

65
Q

Outside employment

A

Conflict of interests in which a person has multiple jobs and their interests conflict

66
Q

Philanthropy

A

Giving back to the communit

67
Q

Political action committees

A

(PACs) organized by special interest groups to raise money and support for political candidates or issues

68
Q

Post conventional morality

A

A persons main goal is survival and the consider morality in terms if rewards and consequence

69
Q

Pre conventional morality

A

A person is ruled by their own conscience and is motivated by an obligation to society

70
Q

Predatory pricing

A

Providing goods at lower prices to drive competitors out of business and then raising the price

71
Q

Price discrimination

A

When a company charges different amounts for a product in different situations

72
Q

Privacy act of 1974

A

Protects the privacy of individuals as it relates to the governments ability to gather information

73
Q

Proprietary information

A

Information which a business wants to keep private

74
Q

Pump and dump

A

When a broker owns securities, inflates the price and sells them before it goes back down

75
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

Worked to counter diseases and sickness caused by low sanitation in food producing industries in 1906

76
Q

Quid pro quo

A

Literally “something for something.” When two groups or companies exchange things of value

77
Q

Rule utilitarianism

A

A person considers an action independently of a situation and determines whether or not it is moral as a rule

78
Q

Sarbanes-oxley act

A

Act passed in 2002 which tightened accounting and auditing refualtions

79
Q

Secretariats

A

Three representatives comprising the governing body of NAFTA

80
Q

Self-dealing

A

Conflict of interest in which a person is part of both ends of a deal

81
Q

Sexual harassment

A

Any repeated, unwanted behavior of a sexual nature

82
Q

Shoulder surfing

A

When a person looks over a persons shoulder to learn their passwords or other information

83
Q

Social engineering

A

Similar to hacking, but with the focus on gaining information through interactions with people

84
Q

Social ethics

A

Ethics regarding the ways that people interact with each other

85
Q

Soft money

A

Money which is donated to political parties for party building purposes

86
Q

Spam

A

When a person ( or business ) sends out large amounts of electronic messages indiscriminately

87
Q

Special interest groups

A

(SIGs) any group which uses involvement in politics to further their belief and positions.

88
Q

Sustainable development

A

Using resources responsibly so that current and future meeds can be met

89
Q

Truth in advertising

A

Law stating that a company must have truthful advertisments

90
Q

Truth in lending

A

Protects borrowers by requiring that certain information be disclosed when a person is applying for a loan

91
Q

Tyco

A

Company whose CEO and CFO were discovered stealing millions of dollars from them

92
Q

US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

A

A law which makes it illegal to a person to bribe a foreign official , or to further brines while on US soil

93
Q

USA PATRIOT act

A

Allows the government a wide license to gather information in an attempt to protect against terrorism

94
Q

Virus

A

a piece of code which is used to disrupt computer function

95
Q

WARN Act

A

Requires that employers give their employees 60 days notice before mass layoffs

96
Q

Whistle blowing

A

Exposing ones employer ( or business ) for willfully committing illegal or unethical acts

97
Q

World bank

A

Has the responsibility of fostering economic development

98
Q

World Trade Organization

A

(WTO) designed to eliminate barriers to trade on a global level and assist developing countries in their trade

Business Ethics & Society (1 decks)

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