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SECOND SEM > BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSE > Flashcards

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSE Flashcards

1
Q

It is a branch of philosophy that serves to prescribe and guide acceptable human conduct, delving into the study of morality and examining what is morally right or wrong.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

It focuses on applying ethical principles within the realm of business.

A

Business Ethics

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3
Q

It scrutinizes the moral standards applied to business organizations and behaviors.

A

Business Ethics

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4
Q

According to ______, ethical issues in business can be categorized into three types: systemic, corporate, and individual.

A

Velasquez (2011)

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5
Q

According to Velasquez (2011), ethical issues in business can be categorized into three types: ______, ______, and ______.

A

systemic, corporate, individual

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6
Q

Pertains to problems such as the prevalence of corruption within government institutions, necessitate coordinated actions from various social groups like local government, business associations, and regulatory bodies.

A

Systematic Issues

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7
Q

This pertain to problems that can and should be resolved within the company itself.

A

Corporate issues

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8
Q

It involve matters that require resolution through individual decision-making and behavioral change.

A

Individual issues

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9
Q

If a company faces issues with employee punctuality, it requires concerted efforts from both employees and the company to rectify the situation through policies and practices.

What type of issue?

A

Corporate Issues

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10
Q

______ lack the capacity to discern what is right and wrong. Instead ______ belonging to an organization makes the ethical and unethical decisions.

A

Organizations, individuals

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11
Q

There are numerous philosophical approaches to the study of ethics, but four major theories stand out, providing frameworks to guide justified decision-making that can be rationally defended: ______, ______, ______, ______.

A

•Utilitarian Ethics (Consequence-Based)
•Deontological Ethics (Duty-Based)
•Virtue Ethics (Character-Based)
•Ethical Relativism (Culture-Based)

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12
Q

Utilitarian Ethics-______
Deontological Ethics-______
Virtue Ethics-______
Ethical Relativism-______

A

(Consequence-Based)
(Duty-Based)
(Character-Based)
(Culture-Based)

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13
Q

It revolves around the notion that the greatest good produced must benefit the majority.

A

Utilitarian Ethics (Consequence-Based)

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14
Q

Actions are evaluated based on their overall benefits and costs.

A

Utilitarian Ethics (Consequence-Based)

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15
Q

It emphasizes respecting people’s rights and treating them with dignity.

A

Deontological Ethics (Duty-Based)

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16
Q

This theory posits that the morality of an action is determined by normative rules rather than consequences, as in utilitarianism.

A

Deontological Ethics (Duty-Based)

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17
Q

This focuses on righteousness and what constitutes a good person.

A

Virtue Ethics (Character-Based)

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18
Q

This approach centers on an individual’s character in ethical decision-making, prioritizing character traits over consequences (utilitarianism) or duty (deontology).

A

Virtue Ethics (Character-Based)

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19
Q

It asserts that ethical standards cannot be absolute and applied universally to all individuals across societies. Instead, ethical principles are viewed as relative to cultural norms and practices.

A

Ethical Relativism (Culture-Based)

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20
Q

It’s commonly assumed that an individual’s values are predominantly shaped during childhood and persist into adulthood. However, as people age and mature, their values undergo significant changes.

A

Cognitive and Moral Development

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21
Q

_______ level:
Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation.
Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation.

A

Pre-conventional

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22
Q

Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation, where actions are deemed good or bad based on avoiding punishment.

A

Pre-conventional level

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23
Q

Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation, where individuals realize that certain actions can fulfill personal needs and those of others they care about.

A

Pre-conventional level

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24
Q

Punishment and obedience orientation, where actions are deemed good or bad based on avoiding punishment.

A

Stage 1

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25
Q

Instrumental relativist orientation, where individuals realize that certain actions can fulfill personal needs and those of others they care about.

A

Stage 2

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26
Q

Stage 1: _______, where actions are deemed good or bad based on avoiding punishment.

A

Punishment and obedience orientation

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27
Q

Stage 2: _______, where individuals realize that certain actions can fulfill personal needs and those of others they care about.

A

Instrumental relativist orientation

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28
Q

Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance orientation, where good behavior is motivated by the desire for approval and loyalty to family, group, or community.

A

Conventional level

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29
Q

Stage 4: Law and order orientation, where right behavior is determined by adherence to the rules and laws of society.

A

Conventional level

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30
Q

Interpersonal concordance orientation, where good behavior is motivated by the desire for approval and loyalty to family, group, or community.

A

Stage 3

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31
Q

Law and order orientation, where right behavior is determined by adherence to the rules and laws of society.

A

Stage 4

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32
Q

_______ level:
Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance orientation.
Stage 4: Law and order orientation.

A

Conventional

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33
Q

Stage 3: ______, where good behavior is motivated by the desire for approval and loyalty to family, group, or community.

A

Interpersonal concordance orientation

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34
Q

Stage 4: ______, where right behavior is determined by adherence to the rules and laws of society.

A

Law and order orientation

35
Q

_______, _______, or _______ level:
Stage 5: Social contract orientation.
Stage 6: Universal ethical principles orientation.

A

Post-conventional, autonomous, principled

36
Q

Social contract orientation, where individuals recognize the relativity of values and norms, considering perspectives and making decisions accordingly.

A

Stage 5

37
Q

Universal ethical principles orientation, where decisions are based on moral principles characterized by reason, universality, and consistency, aiming for the utmost justice.

A

Stage 6

38
Q

Stage 6: ______, where decisions are based on moral principles characterized by reason, universality, and consistency, aiming for the utmost justice.

A

Universal ethical principles orientation

39
Q

Stage 5: ______, where individuals recognize the relativity of values and norms, considering perspectives and making decisions accordingly.

A

Social contract orientation

40
Q

One of the cornerstones of an organization is its _______.

A

Human Resources Management (HRM)

41
Q

______ involves effectively managing people within a company.

A

Human Resource Management (HRM)

42
Q

The main functions of Human Resources (HR) include: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.

A

-recruitment
-compensation and benefits -training and development -performance appraisal
-labor relations
-management compliance

43
Q

_______ is often described as the moral conscience of a company.

A

Human Resources (HR)

44
Q

Human Resources (HR) handles crucial tasks such as: ______, ______, ______, and ______.

A

-employee management
-termination
-salary structure
-dispute resolution

45
Q

HR leaders play a vital role in modeling ethical behavior and inspiring an ethical culture within the company, fostering an environment of trust and respect for employees to emulate.

A

Ethical HR Leadership

46
Q

Investing in training and development programs demonstrates HR’s commitment to employee growth and retention, enhancing their skills and knowledge.

A

Continuing Professional Development

47
Q

Recognizing the importance of diversity in the workplace and ensuring fair recruitment practices based on merit rather than biases fosters an inclusive environment conducive to ethical decision-making.

A

Embracing Diversity

48
Q

Implementing clear codes of ethics and discipline helps manage conflicts of interest, ensuring that personal interests do not compromise organizational integrity.

A

Managing Conflict of Interest (COI)

49
Q

Upholding the confidentiality of employee information is crucial for HR, respecting privacy rights and legal obligations regarding sensitive matters such as salaries, harassment complaints, and disciplinary actions.

A

Confidentiality

50
Q

HR must stay informed about labor laws and regulatory requirements, ensuring that all HR practices and policies align with legal standards.

A

Compliance with Laws

51
Q

These documents serve as standards for all employees within an organization.

A

Code of Ethics and Code of Discipline (Conduct)

52
Q

The _______ outlines the company’s values and principles, guiding members’ conduct with integrity and honesty.

A

Code of Ethics

53
Q

It is a public-facing document that establishes trust and credibility with stakeholders.

A

Code of Ethics

54
Q

Violations of the _______ may result in disciplinary action, including termination.

A

Code of Ethics

55
Q

This focuses on rules and compliance, providing a framework for addressing misconduct and ensuring accountability within the organization.

A

Code of Discipline

56
Q

7 issues commonly encountered during daily work in the office and conducting business transactions.

A

-Conflict of Interest (COI)
-Commercial Bribery and Extortion

-Gifts

-Employee Theft

-Computer Theft

-Trade Secrets

-Insider Trading

57
Q

Occurs when a person in a position has an “interest” that may motivate them to act in a way that is not in the best interest of the company.

A

Conflict of Interest (COI)

58
Q

______ can manifest in various forms, including financial and power (influence) relationships.

A

Conflict of Interest (COI)

59
Q

Involves offering or receiving considerations from external parties (e.g., suppliers) to influence favorable transactions with the employee’s company.

A

Commercial Bribery and Extortion

60
Q

Deciding whether to accept tokens depends on an individual’s ethical values, company policy, and industry practices.

A

Gifts

61
Q

Occurs when employees misuse company resources for personal gain (e.g., office supplies for home use or misappropriation of representation expenses).

A

Employee Theft

62
Q

Unauthorized use of computer resources or software, including piracy or using unlicensed programs.

A

Computer Theft

63
Q

Involves protecting company activities or assets that could significantly impact competitive advantage if disclosed to competitors (e.g., secret recipes, scientific formulas).

A

Trade Secrets

64
Q

Involves trading securities based on non-public, proprietary information about a company, which, if made public, would impact stock prices and affect shareholders not privy to the information.

A

Insider Trading

65
Q

Declares that “The State shall protect the consumer from misleading advertisements and fraudulent sales promotion practices”

A

CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES (R.A 7394)
Article 108

66
Q

CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES (R.A 7394)
Article 108

A

“The State shall protect the consumer from misleading advertisements and fraudulent sales promotion practices”

67
Q

Most advertisers have recognized that advertising to children is effective and eventually became a big business recently.

A

Ads Directed at Children

68
Q

A special group of consumers who do not regard reason.

A

Children

69
Q

The aim of advertisers is for the children to pester their parents to buy things for them.

A

Ads Directed at Children

70
Q

There are some advertisements that are directed at arousing human emotional needs rather than reason.

A

Psychological Appeals

71
Q

This occurs when advertisements tend to make a false claim of the benefit of the goods or services which is actually unsupported by valid evidence.

A

Exaggeration

72
Q

Another deceptive technique in advertising is ambiguity or use of ______.

A

“Weasel Words”

73
Q

Weasel words or ______.

A

Ambiguity

74
Q

When ads are ______, they are considered deceptive.

A

ambigous

75
Q

The use of ______ is often complementary to ______ in advertising.

A

weasel words, ambiguity

76
Q

Are used to avoid or recoil from a direct or straightforward statement.

A

weasel words

77
Q

It plays a very significant role in marketing goods and services.

A

Advertising

78
Q

Without _______, the consumers would not be aware of the presence of diverse products and services available in the market.

A

advertising

79
Q

Sometimes, even the mere presence of ______ can sell a product due to consumer perception that heavily advertised product is a product of “good value”.

A

advertising

80
Q

_______ paid non-personal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to persuade or influence an audience.

A

Advertising

81
Q

Advertising becomes unethical when the advertisements becomes: 3

A

-Misleading Advertisements
-Deceptive Advertisements
-Manipulative or Coercive Advertisements

82
Q

Misrepresentation, making false claims with incomplete information but it makes claims in such a way that a normal person looking at it comes up with the wrong conclusion.

A

Misleading Advertisements

83
Q

Makes a false statement or misrepresents the product.
Excluding crucial informations.

A

Deceptive Advertisements

84
Q

Uses trickery or by devious or insidious means.

A

Manipulative or Coercive Advertisements

SECOND SEM (2 decks)

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