Business Environment Flashcards
What is a project lifecycle?
Series of phases a project passes through. (For predictive models)
What is a phase gate?
Decision points in projects.
What are the three decisions in a phase gate?
- Move forward
- Move forward with modifications
- Kill the project
What is the incremental approach?
Developed in chunks, iteration by iteration. Each iteration results in a “release” of the system that contains added or improved functionality compared with the previous release. At the end of an iteration, the resulting functionality is presented to users, and requirements are re-evaluated so as to plan the next iteration.
What is the iterative approach?
The project is divided into periods of time, usually from two to six weeks (in some cases, two to four weeks), called iterations. During each of these periods, the team executes tasks in order to achieve the iteration’s goal(s).
What is Agile
Combination of incremental and iterative.
What are the types of project life cycles?
- Predictive
- Iterative
- Incremental
- Agile
What is the Agile Manifesto?
Individuals and interaction over process and tools.
Working software over comprehensive documentation.
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
Responding to change over following a plan.
What are the principles of the Agile Manifesto?
- Early & continuous delivery of valuable software.
- Welcome changing requirements, even late.
- Deliver working software frequently
- Business and developers collaborate daily
- Provide environment & support and trust them to get it done.
- Face to face conversation
What is a program?
Group of related projects
What is a portfolio?
Collection of projects, programs, & operations managed in a group to achieve strategic objectives. Aligned to business strategies.
What are the three types of Project Management Offices?
- Supportive
- Controlling
- Directive
Supportive PMO
Develop best practices, methodologies, standards, and templates.
Controlling PMO
Monitor compliance with project management standards, policies, procedures, and templates via project audits.
Directive PMO
Manage shared resources. Coordinate communication across projects. Coach, mentor, train, and oversee project managers.
What are organizational influences?
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)
What are Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)?
Factors that are internal and external to the organization. Internally there may be factors concerning resource availability, employee capabilities, organizational culture, IT, etc. External factors might be laws, regulations, standards, marketplace conditions etc.
What are Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)
Processes, policies, and procedures. Organizational knowledge base.
What is a Sponsor?
Responsible for maintaining the business case.
Who can sponsor projects?
Anyone above the project level.
What are examples of Legal or Regulatory constraints?
Requirements for specific practices
Standards
Privacy Laws
Handling of sensitive information
What is project Governance?
The framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities to create a unique product, service, or result.
What is Kotter’s 8-step process for leading change?
- Create urgency
- Form a Powerful Coalition
- Create. Vision for Change
- Communicate the vision
- Empower Action
- Create quick wins
- Build on the change
- Make it stick
What are the two ways to make change?
Tipping point: impending doom.
Visionary Leadership
What is PROSCI?
The organization that created the ADKAR model
That is the ADKAR model?
Names the five milestones and individual must achieve in order to change successfully.
What are the milestones of the ADKAR model?
A - Awareness of the need for change
D - Desire to support change
K - Knowledge of how to change
A - Ability to demonstrate new skills and behaviors.
R - reinforcement to make it stick
What type of reinforcement is required to make a change stick?
Training
Knowledge transfer
Hyper-care customer support
