bus man booklet 3

Question 1

Define Waste minimization

Answer 1

reducing the amount of resources that are misused or discarded by the business during operations

Question 2

Why is Waste minimisation important?

Answer 2

waste cost money which impacts on profitability and reduces productivity and therefore harder to meet business objectives

Question 3

Define Lean management

Answer 3

A business wide approach that aims to eliminate waste and inefficiencies in operations.

Aim to maximize customer value through continuous improvement by eliminating all aspects that do not add to value of end product

Through

Question 4

How can we reduce waste?

Answer 4

Generic waste management strategies
Reduce= decreases amount of product/ resources, labor or time discarded during production
re-use: making use of items that would have otherwise been decarded
Recycle: transform items that would have been otherwise discarded

Question 5

What are the 4 Lean Management Principles?

Answer 5

7 sources of waste
Pull
One-Piece Flow
Zero Defects

Question 6

Define 7 sources of Waste

Answer 6

Transportation= inefficient movement of materials or products= waste of time and resources
Inventory= supplies that are not used or lay idle for long periods= waste of materials
Motion= excess movement of people btw production stages
Wait times- lag time btw processes or waiting = leaves employees idle= waste labour
Overproduction= producing more than customer demand
Over- processing= performind processes that do not add to value
Defects= errors either needing to be fixed (waste time) or discarded (waste)

Question 7

Define Pull

Answer 7

production responds to customer demand= minimizes overproduction and stops working capital (money) being tied up

Based on actual demand rather than forecasting

Impact on waste- prevents unwanted products from being produced and discarded (reduces resources + time + labour)

Question 8

Define one-piece flow

Answer 8

A single product moving through all stages of production one at a time

reduces time product spends at each stages of production by minimizing work in progress, interruptions, lead and waiting times + increases quality + flexibility

Question 9

Define zero defects

Answer 9

preventing defects from occurring in the production process

Business and employees approach production with ongoing attitude of preventing defects from occurring and improving the final product

If defect is found production process is halted- error is identified and fixed to prevent further defects in the future

T4 preventing defects and reduce products discarded or time and labor spent fixing it

Question 10

Pros of Lean Management

Answer 10

Business reputation is improved as they are actively reducing and managing waste which benefits the environment

quality is improved as processes are streamlined to ensure all activities add value to the final product and customer are met

Reduces the overall use of materials, which leads to less production costs

Question 11

Cons of Lean Management

Answer 11

Employees may be reluctnat to commit to an attitude of zero defects due to effort and commitment required

May be time consuming and costly to train inexperienced employees with the required knowledge and build commitment to lean methods of production

Question 12

Define employee motivation

Answer 12

Refers to the factors that drive an employee to strive to achieve in the workplace

motivation is different to ‘satisfaction’- you can be satisfied at work because your paid well but do not have the motivation to do it well or often

Question 13

Why is employee motivation important?

Answer 13

Motivated workers are…

more productive as they work hard, take more care and therefore make less mistakes= costs decrease, quality, customer satisfaction, sales and profits increase

Less likely to take days off and/or leave the organization as they are happier at their work place= decrease costs

Question 14

Define Maslow’s motivation theory

Answer 14

= meeting needs
needs are based motivation theory

needs are ranked with the most basic needs situated at the bottom progressing to higher level needs at the top

theory states that once a particular need it satisfied it is no longer motivator (occurs in a sequential movement through needs)

Question 15

Define the 5 categories in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
(lower/basic to higher level needs)

Answer 15

Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualization needs

Question 16

Define physiological needs (basic needs)

Answer 16

Basic requirements for human survival (food, water and shelter)- fulfilled in the workplace through minimum pay and working conditions

Needs are not met when…
-employees lacking entry level wages
-underemployed staff

Strategies to implement
-increasing hours for those who are considered ‘underemployed’

Question 17

Define safety and security ‘

Answer 17

physically safe at work and sense of job security

needs not met when…
-organization not abiding by OH+S
-employees not yet on ongoing/long term contracts
-threat of redundancies/organizations closing

Implement strategies
-create job security
-ensure employees have safe and healthy work conditions
-superannuation and insurance

Question 18

Define belonging/ Social needs

Answer 18

Having strong workplace relationships- feeling like they belong to the organization

needs not met when…
-lack of collaborative work amongst staff
-employees not socializing with each other
-employees feeling uncomfortable contributing ideas and thoughts
-lack of sense of ownerships

Implement strategies-
-organize groups of staff to work on projects/solve problems
-organize staff gatherings, morning tea, after work events

Question 19

Define self-esteem needs

Answer 19

Involves employees gaining recognition of performance from others and feeling sense of pride in their own work as a result= feeling important, valuable and respected

needs not met when…
-effort and performance lacks acknowledgement from management
-employees lack sense of accomplishment

Implement strategies
-performance pay, recognition for work at meetings,, being made an example, promotions

Question 20

Define Self-actualization needs

Answer 20

Achievement of won potential = only be fulfilled through intrinsic motivation (drive from within the individual)

needs not met when…
employees not challenged by work, lack interest in work, not being provided with significant autonomy

implement strategies…
-delegating specific projects to employee which involve working with autonomy
-participation in decision making
-provide employees with challenging projects whereby they are required to come with solutions

Question 21

Pros of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 21

There is clear sequential structure and model for manager to follow

provides a clear framework to assist in developing strategies to motivate their employees

motivation occurs quickly when employees move up the hierarchy

Question 22

Cons of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 22

The theory suggests that all employees will work through the same sequential order of needs. this is not always true particularly for those who are more driven by external motivators

Can be difficult to measure if employee needs are being met

time consuming for a manager to determine the level of each individual employee and then implement strategies

Question 23

Define Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Answer 23

It refers to the actions taken by a business to go above and beyond it’s legal obligations

Question 24

What does CSR contribute to?

Answer 24

the health and wellbeing of community (customers, employees, local community), environment, employees

Question 25

Pros of CSR

Answer 25

organization’s reputation can be enhanced
free publicity can be gained
enhanced quality of products

Question 26

Cons of CSR

Answer 26

can be expensive in terms of costs and expenses not directly related to the change

time and resources are spent managing the change that isn’t required by law

does it compromise the function of the product

Question 27

Define the 3 CSR areas of management responsibility

Answer 27

operations, human resources, sales and marketing

Question 28

Define operations (CSR area of man. resp.)

Answer 28

sourcing renewable or recycled materials

selecting responsible and ethical suppliers

producing quality and long lasting products to reduce landfill

reducing the impact on the environment through the manufacturing process

Question 29

Define human resources (CSR areas of man. resp.)

Answer 29

Offering staff benefits

paying above the legal minimum wage

offering employees opportunity to skill up and grow in the business

Allowing flexible working hours

Question 30

Define Sales and marketing (CSR areas of man. resp.)

Answer 30

ensuring marketing is transparent, informative and honest

not selling excess product which will increase landfill

sustainable packaging

Question 31

Define corporate culture

Answer 31

shared values and beliefs of the people in an organization. These can be real or official

Question 32

Define business culture

Answer 32

is a set of values and beliefs which can be defined as “the way we do things”

note- positive culture increases productivity, quality and employee engagement

Question 33

Define Official culture

Answer 33

The desired culture a business wishes to establish (what an organization says it stands for)

Visible through company documents e.g. mission and vision statements or slogans and logos

Question 34

Define Real corporate culture

Answer 34

The actual or prevailing culture that exists within a business (how things actually operate e.g. how the manager communicates with employees? how employees relate to each other? and what time and money is
spent on?

Question 35

Official corporate culture indicators

Answer 35

Mission Statements

Policies (e.g. equal opportunity, OH+S, environmental)

Stated priority areas in annual reports, CEO/management statements

Question 36

Real corporate culture indicators

Answer 36

Physical structure (office layout, solar panels, size of different offices, department areas)

Consistency in style of dress and language within the organisation,

relations among staff

management styles

budgets

rituals and celebrations- what exists indicates what is valued

“heroes”- who do people “look up to”

Question 37

Define Organizational culture

Answer 37

The culture of a business affects the way in which the business operates

It includes: decision making, organizational structure, communication, leadership styles (cause and effect?), attitude towards work

Question 38

Strategies for developing corporate culture

Answer 38

Develop formal statements

implementation of policies- policies set out rules and regulations observed

communicate and desired values through policies, leading by example and training

recruiting in line with desired values- assuming there is a position available

training- to develop a common understanding and consistent approach which is in line with official corporate culture

reward and recognition- ensure these are in line with what you values in the organisation

considering/ altering management style- consultative/ participating= creativity, valuing employees, sharing etc. Autocratic/persuasive= compliance

Question 39

Define the 3 formal statements

Answer 39

Mission statements- define the purpose of the organisation

Vision statements- sets out the aspirations of the organisation

Values statements- what the org. was to recognize