bus man booklet 3 Flashcards
Define Waste minimization
reducing the amount of resources that are misused or discarded by the business during operations
Why is Waste minimisation important?
waste cost money which impacts on profitability and reduces productivity and therefore harder to meet business objectives
Define Lean management
A business wide approach that aims to eliminate waste and inefficiencies in operations.
Aim to maximize customer value through continuous improvement by eliminating all aspects that do not add to value of end product
Through
How can we reduce waste?
Generic waste management strategies
Reduce= decreases amount of product/ resources, labor or time discarded during production
re-use: making use of items that would have otherwise been decarded
Recycle: transform items that would have been otherwise discarded
What are the 4 Lean Management Principles?
7 sources of waste
Pull
One-Piece Flow
Zero Defects
Define 7 sources of Waste
Transportation= inefficient movement of materials or products= waste of time and resources
Inventory= supplies that are not used or lay idle for long periods= waste of materials
Motion= excess movement of people btw production stages
Wait times- lag time btw processes or waiting = leaves employees idle= waste labour
Overproduction= producing more than customer demand
Over- processing= performind processes that do not add to value
Defects= errors either needing to be fixed (waste time) or discarded (waste)
Define Pull
production responds to customer demand= minimizes overproduction and stops working capital (money) being tied up
Based on actual demand rather than forecasting
Impact on waste- prevents unwanted products from being produced and discarded (reduces resources + time + labour)
Define one-piece flow
A single product moving through all stages of production one at a time
reduces time product spends at each stages of production by minimizing work in progress, interruptions, lead and waiting times + increases quality + flexibility
Define zero defects
preventing defects from occurring in the production process
Business and employees approach production with ongoing attitude of preventing defects from occurring and improving the final product
If defect is found production process is halted- error is identified and fixed to prevent further defects in the future
T4 preventing defects and reduce products discarded or time and labor spent fixing it
Pros of Lean Management
Business reputation is improved as they are actively reducing and managing waste which benefits the environment
quality is improved as processes are streamlined to ensure all activities add value to the final product and customer are met
Reduces the overall use of materials, which leads to less production costs
Cons of Lean Management
Employees may be reluctnat to commit to an attitude of zero defects due to effort and commitment required
May be time consuming and costly to train inexperienced employees with the required knowledge and build commitment to lean methods of production
Define employee motivation
Refers to the factors that drive an employee to strive to achieve in the workplace
motivation is different to ‘satisfaction’- you can be satisfied at work because your paid well but do not have the motivation to do it well or often
Why is employee motivation important?
Motivated workers are…
more productive as they work hard, take more care and therefore make less mistakes= costs decrease, quality, customer satisfaction, sales and profits increase
Less likely to take days off and/or leave the organization as they are happier at their work place= decrease costs
Define Maslow’s motivation theory
= meeting needs
needs are based motivation theory
needs are ranked with the most basic needs situated at the bottom progressing to higher level needs at the top
theory states that once a particular need it satisfied it is no longer motivator (occurs in a sequential movement through needs)
Define the 5 categories in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
(lower/basic to higher level needs)
Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualization needs
Define physiological needs (basic needs)
Basic requirements for human survival (food, water and shelter)- fulfilled in the workplace through minimum pay and working conditions
Needs are not met when…
-employees lacking entry level wages
-underemployed staff
Strategies to implement
-increasing hours for those who are considered ‘underemployed’
Define safety and security ‘
physically safe at work and sense of job security
needs not met when…
-organization not abiding by OH+S
-employees not yet on ongoing/long term contracts
-threat of redundancies/organizations closing
Implement strategies
-create job security
-ensure employees have safe and healthy work conditions
-superannuation and insurance
Define belonging/ Social needs
Having strong workplace relationships- feeling like they belong to the organization
needs not met when…
-lack of collaborative work amongst staff
-employees not socializing with each other
-employees feeling uncomfortable contributing ideas and thoughts
-lack of sense of ownerships
Implement strategies-
-organize groups of staff to work on projects/solve problems
-organize staff gatherings, morning tea, after work events
Define self-esteem needs
Involves employees gaining recognition of performance from others and feeling sense of pride in their own work as a result= feeling important, valuable and respected
needs not met when…
-effort and performance lacks acknowledgement from management
-employees lack sense of accomplishment
Implement strategies
-performance pay, recognition for work at meetings,, being made an example, promotions
Define Self-actualization needs
Achievement of won potential = only be fulfilled through intrinsic motivation (drive from within the individual)
needs not met when…
employees not challenged by work, lack interest in work, not being provided with significant autonomy
implement strategies…
-delegating specific projects to employee which involve working with autonomy
-participation in decision making
-provide employees with challenging projects whereby they are required to come with solutions
Pros of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
There is clear sequential structure and model for manager to follow
provides a clear framework to assist in developing strategies to motivate their employees
motivation occurs quickly when employees move up the hierarchy
Cons of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
The theory suggests that all employees will work through the same sequential order of needs. this is not always true particularly for those who are more driven by external motivators
Can be difficult to measure if employee needs are being met
time consuming for a manager to determine the level of each individual employee and then implement strategies
Define Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
It refers to the actions taken by a business to go above and beyond it’s legal obligations
What does CSR contribute to?
the health and wellbeing of community (customers, employees, local community), environment, employees
Pros of CSR
organization’s reputation can be enhanced
free publicity can be gained
enhanced quality of products
Cons of CSR
can be expensive in terms of costs and expenses not directly related to the change
time and resources are spent managing the change that isn’t required by law
does it compromise the function of the product
Define the 3 CSR areas of management responsibility
operations, human resources, sales and marketing
Define operations (CSR area of man. resp.)
sourcing renewable or recycled materials
selecting responsible and ethical suppliers
producing quality and long lasting products to reduce landfill
reducing the impact on the environment through the manufacturing process
Define human resources (CSR areas of man. resp.)
Offering staff benefits
paying above the legal minimum wage
offering employees opportunity to skill up and grow in the business
Allowing flexible working hours
Define Sales and marketing (CSR areas of man. resp.)
ensuring marketing is transparent, informative and honest
not selling excess product which will increase landfill
sustainable packaging
Define corporate culture
shared values and beliefs of the people in an organization. These can be real or official
Define business culture
is a set of values and beliefs which can be defined as “the way we do things”
note- positive culture increases productivity, quality and employee engagement
Define Official culture
The desired culture a business wishes to establish (what an organization says it stands for)
Visible through company documents e.g. mission and vision statements or slogans and logos
Define Real corporate culture
The actual or prevailing culture that exists within a business (how things actually operate e.g. how the manager communicates with employees? how employees relate to each other? and what time and money is
spent on?
Official corporate culture indicators
Mission Statements
Policies (e.g. equal opportunity, OH+S, environmental)
Stated priority areas in annual reports, CEO/management statements
Real corporate culture indicators
Physical structure (office layout, solar panels, size of different offices, department areas)
Consistency in style of dress and language within the organisation,
relations among staff
management styles
budgets
rituals and celebrations- what exists indicates what is valued
“heroes”- who do people “look up to”
Define Organizational culture
The culture of a business affects the way in which the business operates
It includes: decision making, organizational structure, communication, leadership styles (cause and effect?), attitude towards work
Strategies for developing corporate culture
Develop formal statements
implementation of policies- policies set out rules and regulations observed
communicate and desired values through policies, leading by example and training
recruiting in line with desired values- assuming there is a position available
training- to develop a common understanding and consistent approach which is in line with official corporate culture
reward and recognition- ensure these are in line with what you values in the organisation
considering/ altering management style- consultative/ participating= creativity, valuing employees, sharing etc. Autocratic/persuasive= compliance
Define the 3 formal statements
Mission statements- define the purpose of the organisation
Vision statements- sets out the aspirations of the organisation
Values statements- what the org. was to recognize
