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CSB337 > Burns, electricity, and TASER emergencies > Flashcards

Burns, electricity, and TASER emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main factors indicative of burn criticality?

A

Depth (how many layers involved) and extent (surface area size involved)

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2
Q

Which layers are involved in superficial burns?

A

Epidermis only

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3
Q

Does blistering occur in superficial burns?

A

No

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4
Q

Do superficial burns blanch under pressure?

A

Yes

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5
Q

How do superficial burns appear?

A

Red, painful, tender

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6
Q

Which layers are involved in partial thickness burns?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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7
Q

How do partial thickness burns appear?

A

Dark pink, moist/shiny, very painful

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8
Q

Does blistering occur in partial thickness burns?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Which layers are involved in full thickness burns?

A

Through to underlying structures

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10
Q

How to full thickness burns appear?

A

Thick, dry, leathery, pearly grey or charred black, waxy, may bleed or ooze from vessel damage

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11
Q

Are full thickness burns painful at the site?

A

No

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12
Q

Circumferential burns have increased likelihood of ____ ____.

A

Compartment syndrome

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13
Q

Why are airway burns a critical issue?

A

Swelling may occlude the airway, and IV fluids will increase swelling

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14
Q

How long is cool running water applied to a burn injury?

A

20 minutes

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15
Q

How long post-burn is cool water ineffective?

A

Three hours

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16
Q

Cool water should only be applied to minor burn injuries less than ____% in adults and ____% in children.

A

10% in adults

5% in children

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17
Q

True or false: burn injuries can cause a pt to become hypothermic quickly

A

True - the thermoregulatory system is compromised

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18
Q

What are the signs of carbon monoxide inhalation?

A
  • Headache (dull, frontal, continuous)
  • Fatigue/ataxic/confusion/convulsions
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • N + V
  • “Roaring” in ears
19
Q

What are the priority signs of upper airway burns?

A
  • Neck/facial burns
  • Singing of nasal hairs/eyebrows
  • Tachypnoea/hoarseness/drooling
  • Red, dry oral/nasal mucosa
20
Q

What are the priority signs of lower airway burns?

A
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Occurred in enclosed space
  • Tachypnoea
  • Cough
  • Wheezes/crackles
  • Carbonaceous sputum
21
Q

What occurs when acidic compounds interact with skin?

A

Protein denaturation and coagulative necrosis produces a scar, which limits the depth the acid can penetrate

22
Q

What occurs when alkalis interact with skin?

A

Saponification and liquefactive necrosis of body fat. As there is no scar to limit penetration, alkali burns tend to penetrate deeper into tissues than acidic burns

23
Q

Should neutralising agents be used for chemical burns?

A

No, because the reaction produces heat. Highest recommendation is water.

24
Q

What are the concerns with chemical burns?

A
  • Ongoing damage
  • Chemical absorption
  • Avoiding personal exposure
25
Q

What are the factors that determine the effect of an electrical current passing through the body?

A
  • Type of current
  • Voltage
  • Tissue resistance
  • Current path
  • Contact duration
26
Q

Which current is three times more dangerous than the other, AC or DC?

A

AC

27
Q

AC through the body can produce ____ ____.

A

Tetanic contraction

28
Q

High voltage is defined as…

A

Greater than 1000 voltz

29
Q

Voltage is defined as…

A

The electromotive force in the system, thus the greater the voltage the more extensive the injury - this is dependent on resistance.

30
Q

What human body tissues offer the highest resistance? List them in decreasing order.

A

Bone, fat, tendon, skin, muscle, blood vessels, nerves.

31
Q

How do clinical manifestations of electrical burns differ from thermal burns?

A
  • Direct effects on heart and nervous system
  • Electrical injury classically involves deep structures
  • Small entry and exit wounds do not indicate small extent of damage
  • Diversity of manifestations seen in electrical injury
32
Q

What is the most common dysrhythmia resulting from electrical injury?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

33
Q

Currents greater than 5 A cause…

A

Sustained cardiac asystole

34
Q

AC 30-200 mA will cause…

A

Ventricular fibrillation

35
Q

The energy from electricity is converted to…

A

Heat

36
Q

Arc burns are seen in…

A

External passage of the current from contact to the ground

37
Q

What are arc burns are associated with?

A

Extensive damage to skin and underlying tissue

38
Q

True or false: electrical burns always have two exit wounds

A

False - may have single or multiple exit wounds

39
Q

True or false: electrical burns are always full thickness burns

A

False - can by superficial, partial thickness, or full thickness

40
Q

TASER shocks result in…

A

Involuntary muscle contraction and overwhelming pain to the subject, causing them to fall to the ground

41
Q

True or false: if a current does not produce VF in 5 seconds, it will not produce VF after 1 minute.

A

True

42
Q

TASER darts should be removed unless they are embedded in which areas?

A
  • Eyes
  • Genitals
  • Face
  • Neck
43
Q

Under which circumstances may TASERed pts be left in police care?

A

May be left with police unless:

  • Probes cannot be removed
  • Pt requires psychiatric evaluation
  • Injury assessment (other than probes) is required
  • Substances other than alcohol are involved
  • Abnormal 12 lead ECG
  • Abnormal BGL

CSB337 (12 decks)

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