Burns and skin conditions Flashcards
Keratin and sebum perform what function in skin?
Both prevent loss of fluid, keratin also prevents external fluid from entering.
What part of the skin protects blood vessels and nerves?
The dermis (made of collagen)
What does melanin protect us from?
UV rays.
How does skin protect us from bacteria?
Sebum is acidic/antimicrobal, hair keeps microbes at a distance.
How does skin help to control body temp?
By sweating to cool us off, by vasodilation to warm us, and hair for insulation.
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin via sunlight, why is this important?
For production of calcium and potassium which in turn promote normal bone formation.
How does skin protect us from noxious stimulai?
It contains various sensory nerve endings.
What are the functions of skin? (7)
Prevention of fluid loss/absorption Protects nerves and BV Protects from UV rays Protects from bacteria Regulates body temp Produces vit D Senses noxious stimuli
What are the layers of the skin superficial to deep?(3)
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous (fatty) tissue
Layers of the epidermis?(5)
Stratum " " corneum " " lucidum " " granulosum " " spinosum " " basale
Layers of the dermis?
Papilary (sup)
Reticular (deep)
What is the reticular layer of the dermis made of? What is its function?
Collagen fibers, provides str, extensibility, and elasticity (protection)
What are the 4 classifications of burns?
- Superficial (used to be 1st degree)
- affect only the epidermis (sunburn) - Superficial partial thickness (2nd degree)
- Destroy the epidermis and part of the papilary dermis. (Blisters) - Deep partial thickness (3rd degree)
- Damage the dermis as far down as the reticular layer. (some hair folicles remain intact)* - Full thickness (4th degree)
- Destroy both epidermis and dermis and often underlying layers of fat. (have eschar) no haifolicles or nerve endings.
What is the difference between a keliod and a hypertrophic scar?
Keloid scars extend beyond the margins of the wound.
Rule of 9s?
Head=9% (4.5 ant/post)
UE=9% (4.5 ant/post)
LE=18% ((9% each)
Ant/post trunk 18% each
Children
Head=18%
Legs=13% each
Burn complications?
Infection smoke inhalation Chemicals, Pneumonia (usually secondary to smoke inhalation) Hypothermia Scarring (loss of Fx)
PT interventions for burns?
Debridement (by PT) Skin grafts (we need to understand 48-72 hrs dnd)
What are the 3 sources of a skin graft?
autograft-self (can be harvesed or grown)
allograft-another human
xenograft-animal
What are the types of autogtafts?
Split thickness-Does not remove skin below the dermis.
Full thickness-Goes all the way through the dermis
Sheet graft-fenestrated (cut like a mesh)
Inosculation?
The process of capillaries penetrating a graft
What are he sensory nerve endings in the skin?
Free nerve endings (dermis and epidermis)
ruffini corpuscles (close to hair follicles in the dermis).
ruffini endo organs (dermis)
Pacinian corpuscles(deep layers of dermis)
Kraus end bulb (superficial dermis)
Merkel’s endings (dermis)
Where are free nerve endings? What do they sense?
Dermis and epidermis. Pain and itching, finger and toe disc.
Where are ruffini corpuscles? What do they sense?
Close to hair folicles (dermis). Pressure.
Where are ruffini end organs? What do they sense?
Dermis. Warmth.
