Burns Flashcards
Classification of Burns?
- First degree burn ( also k/a Superficial or Epidermal burns)
- Second degree burn (Partial thickness burn)
a. Superficial second degree ( or Superficial partial thickness) burn
b. Deep Second degree ( Deep partial thickness) burn - Third degree burn (Full thickness burn)
- Fourth degree burn
Describe 1st degree burn?
- These burns involve only epidermis
- They do not blister
- are erythematous because of dermal vasodilation
- blanch to touch( i.e, show capillary refilling)
- are quite painful
- heal without scarring in 5 to 10 days
describe 2 Nd degree burn?
all 2nd degree burns involve epidermis and some part of dermis
describe Superficial 2nd degree burn?
- these superficial dermal burns involve the upper layers of dermis
- blisters are seen
- are erythematous
- blanch to touch
- are quite painful
- heal without scarring in 1 to 3 weeks
describe deep 2nd degree burn?
- the injury extends into the reticular layers of the dermis
- blisters may be seen
- the wound surface is usually a mottled pink and white colour because of varying blood supply to dermis ( white areas have little to no blood and pink areas have some blood flow)
- capillary refilling is absent or occur slowly
- pain is absent, but pin-prick sensation is preserved
- these burns usually heal in 2 to 5 weeks but with considerable scar formation
describe 3rd degree burn?
- these burns involve all the layers of dermis
- characterised by hard, leathery eschar that is painless and black, white or cherry red
- no capillary refilling or pin-prick sensation are present
- it can heal only by wound contracture, epithelization from wound margin or skin grafting
describe 4th degree burn?
it involves not only all the layers of the skin but also subcutaneous fat and deeper structures ( i.e, muscles, bones)
most common causes of death in burn patients :
- at the site of burn?
- in early period?
- in late period?
- overall most common cause?
- Asphyxia
- Hypovolemic shock
- Sepsis
- Sepsis
most common infection in burn Patients?
Pseudomonas
what are the topical antimicrobials used in burn Patients?
- Silver sulfadiazine (most common)
- Mafenide acetate
- Silver nitrate
- Polymixin B sulphate
- Betadine solution
In critically ill patients, what is the target MAP to ensure optimal end organ perfusion?
MAP - 60mmHg
Goals for urine output in adults and children should be in burn resuscitation?
30mL/h in adults
1 to 1.5 mL/kg per hour in pediatric patients
What is Parkland formula?
This calculates the fluid to be replaced in the first 24 hours. Half this calculated volume is given the first 8 hours, and the second half in next 16 hours
% body surface area X weight in kgs X 4= volume in ml
