Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Burns > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

1st degree

A

sunburn (epidermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2nd degree

A 
superficial dermis (papillary): painful to touch; blebs and blisters; hair follicles intact; blanches 
deep dermis (reticular): decreased sensation; loss of hair follicles (need skin grafts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3rd degree

A

leathery feeling (charred parchment); down to subcutaneous fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4th degree

A

down to bone, into adjacent adipose or muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scald burns

A

most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Body surface burned

A 
head 9
arms 18 (9 and 9) 
chest 18
back 18
legs 36 (18 and 18)
palm = 1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parkland formula

A

give 4cc/kg x % burn in first 24 hours; give 1/2 in first 8 hours
use LR in first 24 hours
*can grossly underestimate volume requirements with inhalational injury, ETOH, electrical injury, postescharotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Escharotomy

A

perform within 4-6 hours

  • circumferential burns
  • low temperature; weak pulse; decrease cap refill, decrease pain sensation, and decrease neurologic function in extremity; may need fasciotomy if compartment syndrome suspected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

child abuse

A

accounts for 15% of burn injuries in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lung injury

A

caused by carbonaceous materials and smoke, not heat

*risk factors for airway injury - ETOH, trauma, closed space, rapid combustion, extremes of age, delayed extrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pneumonia

A

most common infection in burn wound patients; also most common cause of death after inhalation injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acid and alkali burns

A

copious water irrigation

  • alkalis produce deeper burns than acid due to liquefaction necrosis
  • acid burns produce coagulation necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hydrofluoric acid burns

A

spread calcium on wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Powder burns

A

wipe away before irrigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tar burns

A

cool, then wipe away with lipophilic solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Electrical burns

A

caridac monitoring

*can cause rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lightning

A

cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to electrical paralysis of brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1st week - early excision of burned areas

A

try to excise burn wounds in < 72 hours

*skin grafts are contraindicated if culture is positive for beta-hemolytic strep or bacteria > 10^5

19
Q

Cardiac output 1st week

A

first have decrease CO for 24-48 hours then have increase CO (ebb and flow phases following burn)

20
Q

Burn caloric needs

A

25 kcal/kg/day + (30 x % burn)

21
Q

Burn protein need

A

1 g / kg / day + (3 g x % burn)

22
Q

Glucose in burn patients

A

best source of nonprotein calories in patients with burns; burn wounds use glucose in an obligatory fashion

23
Q

Autografts

A

best; full thickness or split thickness grafts (should be 12-15 mm, include epidermis and part of dermis); decrease infection, desiccation, protein loss, pain, water loss, heat loss, and RBC loss; increase granulation tissue and improve survival

24
Q

Homografts

A

allografts; cadaveric skin; not as good as autografts; can be good temporizing material; last 2-4 weeks; allografts vascularize and are eventually rejected at which time they must be replaced

25
Q

xenografts

A

porcine; not as good as homografts; last 2 weeks; these do not vascularize

26
Q

wounds to face, palms, soles, genitals

A

deferred for 1st week

27
Q

most common reason for skin graft loss

A

seroma or hematoma formation under graft

*need to apply pressure dressing (cotton balls)

28
Q

STSGs

A

more likely to survive; graft not as thick so easier for imbibition and subsequent revascularization to occur

29
Q

FTSGs

A

have less wound contraction; good for areas such as palms and back of hands

30
Q

burn wound infections

A

usually apply bactracin or neosporin immediately after burns

  • no role for prophylactic IV antibiotics
  • pseudomonas is most common organism in burn wound infection, followed by staph, e. coli, enterobacter
  • more common in burns > 30% BSA
  • topical agents have decreased incidence of burn wound bacterial infections
31
Q

Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine)

A

can cause neutropenia and thrombocytopenia; dont use in pts with sulfa allergy; limited eschar penetration; effective for Candida

32
Q

Silver nitrate

A

can cause electrolyte imbalances; hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia; discoloration; limited eschar penetration

33
Q

Sulfamylon (mafenide sodium)

A

painful application

  • metabolic acidosis due to carbonic anhydrase inhibition (decrease renal conversion of H2CO3 –> H20 + CO2) can cause hypersensitivity reactions
  • good eschar penetration
  • good for burns overlying cartilage
  • broadest spectrum against Pseudomonas and GNRs
34
Q

Burn wound sepsis

A

usually from Pseudomonas

35
Q

HSV

A

most common viral infection in burn wounds

36
Q

< 10^5 organisms

A

not a burn wound infection

37
Q

best way to detect burn wound infection

A

biopsy of wound

38
Q

Complications after burns

A
  • seizures - usually iatrogenic and related to Na concentration; can also be benzo withdrawal
  • peripheral neuropathy - 2/2 small vessel injury and demyelination
  • ectopia - from contraction of burned adnexa; tx: eyelid release
  • eyes - fluorescein staining to find injury; tx: topical fluoroquinolone or gentamycin
  • corneal abrasion - tx: topical abx
  • symblepharon - eyelid stuck to conjunctiva; tx: release with glass rod
  • heterotopic ossification of tendons - tx: PT; may need surgery
39
Q

Curling’s ulcer

A

gastric ulcer that occurs with burns

40
Q

Marjolin’s ulcer

A

highly malignant squamous cell CA that arises in chronic nonhealing burn wounds or unstable scars

41
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

usually occurs 3-4 months after injury 2/2 increase neovascularity

  • more likely to be deep thermal injuries that take > 3 weeks to heal, heal by contraction and epithelial spread, or heal across flexor surfaces
  • wait 1-2 years before scar modification
  • tx: grafting, steroids, silicone, compression
42
Q

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

epidermal-dermal separation seen

  • caused by variety of drugs (dilantin, bactrim, PCN) and viruses
  • tx: supportive, need to prevent wound desiccation with topical antimicrobials and xenografts
  • abx if due to staph aureus
  • no steroids
43
Q

Steven Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme)

A

less severe form of TEN

  • hypersensitivity reaction - subepidermal bullae, epidermal cell necrosis, dermal edema
  • caused by variety of drugs (dilantin, bactrim, PCN) and viruses
    tx: supportive; need to prevent wound desiccation with topical antimicrobials and xenografts
  • no steroids

Burns (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions