Burns

Question 1

First-degree burn is ?

Answer 1

the most superficial. The damage is confined to the skin area known as the epidermis..


Question 2

second-degree burn is

Answer 2

also called a partial thickness burn. It burns the epidermis and a part of the dermis, leading to a painful area that blisters

Question 3

Third-degree burns or “full-thickness burns”


Answer 3

wreck the epidermis, the whole dermis, and sometimes the deeper layers of tissue. They do not hurt because of the loss of the nerve endings in the burned tissue.

Question 4

Fourth degree-

Answer 4

profound damage of all layers of soft tissue , including muscles , blood vessels and bone.

Question 5

What’s first degree complications after healing ?

Answer 5

hypopigmentation after healing .

Question 6

What’s second degree complications ?

Answer 6

Atrophied scarring

Question 7

Third and forth degree complications ?

Answer 7

Deformative and keloid scarring

Question 8

Which more severe acid or alkaline burns ?

Answer 8

Alkaline , because of chemical compounds penetrating soft tissue much more easily than acids therefore damaging tissue significantly more.

Question 9

What’s the acid burns complications and how it penetrate to soft tissues ?

Answer 9

create crust around affected area, thus creating barrier for acid itself to penetrate tissue even further . 



Question 10

Clinical picture of first degree burns ?

Answer 10

dryness, redness, soft tissue swelling and edema



Question 11

Clinical picture of second degree ?

Answer 11

blisters , filled with plasma and hemorrhagic substance

Question 12

Clinical picture of third and fourth degree ?

Answer 12

create black burned crusts , necrotic outer layer epidermis, which will go off after 2-3 weeks.

Question 13

In oral cavity third degree burns how it manifest ?

Answer 13

greyish , yellowish or translucent crusts covering mucosa or exposing muscles and bones

Question 14

Which structures burns can cause contracture and severe facial deformation?

Answer 14

Lip, alveolar process and vermillion

Question 15

Why in third degree paresthesia or anesthesia Therefore pain is generally not a significant problem. Hemorrhage is usually not prsent occur ?

Answer 15

Cause burns reach the subcutaneous tissue and the nerve damaged and blood vessels cauterized .

Bleeding may occur during 3 week of healing

Question 16

proliferation and scar formation can create lip adhering to alveolar process and microstomia , commissure deformation and deformation of oral cavity in general

During which phase of healing ?

Answer 16

During secondary intention healing process after The necrotic tissue, known as eschar, becomes charred or crusty in appearance and begins to separate from the surrounding viable tissue.

During this period of time intraoral appliances should be considered

Question 17

What’s the wound cleaning agent in chemical burns ?

Answer 17

antidote or antagonist of primary cause of burn

Acid burn should be cleaned and washed with weak ,water diluted alkaline solution

alkaline burns should be cleaned with weak acid solutions like water diluted vinegar and lemon juice

Question 18

first degree burns should be treated with what ?


Answer 18

with apical creams and gels, like creams containing pantothenic acid (bepanten, panthenol) and cold dressings

Question 19

second degree burns should be treated with ?

Answer 19

thoroughly cleaned and dressed with antiseptic gauzes


Question 20

during third and fourth degree burns treatment ?

Answer 20

surgical debridement , necrotomy and skin grafting can be considered in addition

Question 21

Frostbites


Answer 21

thermal injuries gotten from low temperature and freezing of the skin.

Blood viscosity changes under low temperatures, becomes thick, thus sustained low temperatures even below zero degree can cause soft tissue damage

Question 22

What’s frostnip ?

Answer 22

Mild form of frostbite : Continued cold exposure leads to numbness in the affected area. As your skin warms, you may feel pain and tingling. Frostnip doesn’t cause permanent skin damage.

Question 23

What’s Superficial frostbite ?

Answer 23

causes slight changes in skin color. The skin may begin to feel warm — a sign of serious skin involvement.

If you treat frostbite with rewarming at this stage, the surface of the skin may appear mottled.

And you may notice stinging, burning and swelling. A fluid-filled blister may appear 12 to 36 hours after rewarming the skin.

Question 24

Deep (severe) frostbite ?

Answer 24

As frostbite progresses, it affects all layers of the skin as well as the tissues that lie below.

The skin turns white or blue-gray and you lose all sensation of cold, pain or discomfort in the area. Joints or muscles may stop working.

Question 25

Large blisters form 24 to 48 hours after rewarming. The tissue turns black and hard as it dies. Which stage of frostbite ?

Answer 25

Deep ( severe )

Question 26

What we observe during frostbite ?

Answer 26

cyanous , rigid, ischemic soft tissue.

First hours primary injuries may not be as visible but



Question 27

demarcation line becomes apparent and visible. Non-Viable tissue separates , becomes darker and undergoes necrosis. In which stage we start to observe that in frostbite ?

Answer 27

during first 3-5 days

Question 28

Rubbing alcoholic solutions doesn’t affect positively on frostbites. During which degrees ?

Answer 28

second , third and fourth degree frostbites can even worsen the situation.

Question 29

What we use instead of alcohol solutions ?

Answer 29

Warm baths and warm dressing are better solutions. 



Question 30

Why the m doctor may wait 1 to 3 months before removing damaged tissue ?

Answer 30

To better distinguish between healthy and dead tissue,

Question 31

How Whirlpool therapy or physical therapy help ?

Answer 31

Soaking in a whirlpool bath (hydrotherapy) can aid healing by keeping skin clean and naturally removing dead tissue.

Question 32

Which medication frosbites doctors give ?

Answer 32

1. Infection-fighting drugs. If the skin or blisters appear infected, your doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics.
2. Oral pain medicine. Because the rewarming process can be painful, your doctor will likely give you a drug to ease the pain.

Clot-busting drugs. You may receive an intravenous (IV) injection of a drug that helps restore blood flow (thrombolytic), such as tissue plasminogen activator (TPA).

Question 33

Which drugs lower amputation risk in frostbites ?

Answer 33

Clot-busting drugs TPA

BUT give them only at first 24hr to avoid bleeding

Question 34

Which treatment options available ?

Answer 34

1. Surgery. People who have experienced severe frostbite may in time need surgery or amputation to remove dead or decaying tissue.
2. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized room. Some patients show improved symptoms after this therapy.

Question 35

What’s Radiological burns ?


Answer 35

are an effect of ionizing radiation on soft tissue . This type of injuries are most common during tumors’ radiological treatment and during wartime as an outcome of atomic bomb explosions.

Question 36

Radiation burns symptoms ?

Answer 36

Reddening of white skin or darkening of skin that is black or brown.
Itchy skin.
Dry and peeling skin.
Swelling.
Blistering.


Question 37

What’s radiation therapy ?

Answer 37

Last slide