Burns

Question 1

What is a first degree burn?

Answer 1

-Epidermal burn
-Damage to epidermis only
-Pink or red appearance (NO BLISTERS) (dry surface)
-Minimal edema/tenderness/delayed pain
-Spontaneous healing in 3-7 days, NO SCARRING

Question 2

What is a second degree burn?

Answer 2

-Superficial partial thickness burn
-Epidermis and upper layers of dermis are damaged
-Bright pink or red appearance
-blanching with brisk capillary refill
-BLISTERS, MOIST SURFACE, WEEPING
-mod edema
-PAINFUL, SENSITIVE TO TOUCH, TEMP CHANGES
-spontaneous healing 7-21 days, minimal to no scarring **

Question 3

What is a Deep partial thickness burn?

Answer 3

-Also a second degree burn
-Severe damage to epidermis and dermis with injury to NERVE, HAIR FOLLICLES AND SWEAT GLANDS
-mixed red or waxy appearance
-blanching and slow capillary refill
-broken BLISTERS, marked edema
-Sensitive to pressure but insensitive to pinprick/light touch
-SCAR FORMATION, excessive scarring without preventative treatment

Question 4

Third degree burn?

Answer 4

-Full thickness burn
-Complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissues; may extend to muscle
-White, charred, tan or black appearance
-No blanching, poor distal circulation, dry leathery surface, depressed area
-Little pain, nerve endings are destroyed
-Removal of eschar and skin graft necessary, infection increased
-HYPERTROPHIC SCARRING

Question 5

Fourth degree burn?

Answer 5

Subdermal burn
-Complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, INVOLVEMENT OF MUSCLE
-Charred appearance
-From ELECTRICAL BURNS
-Additional complications: vfib, acute kidney damage, SC damage
-Heals with skin grafting and scarring
-Requires extensive surgery; amputation may be necessary

Question 6

What is the percentage for the head and neck for the rule of nines?

Answer 6

Head: 4.5
Neck: 4.5

Question 7

What is the percentage for the anterior trunk for the rule of nines?

Answer 7

18%

Question 8

What is the percentage for the posterior trunk for the rule of nines?

Answer 8

18%

Question 9

What is the percentage for the arms for the rule of nines?

Answer 9

1 arm= 4.5%
Both arms= 9%

Question 10

What is the percentage for the legs for the rule of nines?

Answer 10

1 leg= 9%
Both legs= 18%

Remember they can ask anterior and posterior ????

Question 11

What is the percentage for the perineum for the rule of nines?

Answer 11

1%