Burns

Question 1

First Degree Burn

Answer 1

Superficial Burn

Dry with blanchable redness (when you press on the wound, it goes away)

Question 2

Second Degree Burn

Answer 2

Partial Thickness

Epidermis and Dermis are BOTH damaged

KEY: painful blisters
“red, moist, shiny fluid filled vesicles)

Question 3

Third Degree Burn

Answer 3

Full-thickness burn

Epidermis, Dermis, and possible subcutaneous tissue damaged

KEY: Dry waxy white, leathery, or charred black color; NON-blanchable skin

Question 4

Fourth-Degree

Answer 4

Full thickness burn

Damage to all layers of skin down to the muscle and the bone

unique skin is the lack of pain

deeper than 3rd degree burns

Question 5

Treatment of 1st and 2nd degree burns

Answer 5

Do not need to be treated in hospital

typically outpatient with wound care and dressing changes

Question 6

Care for minor burns

Answer 6

Cool Water - briefly soak the area; NO ice, cream, antibiotic ointment to OPEN skin

Cover the area - with clean dry cloth to prevent infection

Clothing removal - not adhered to burned skin

Question 7

In the event of a tar burn, what is the immediate action?

Answer 7

Cooling the injury with water

Question 8

For a chemical burn injury, what is the FIRST consideration in IMMEDIATE care?

Answer 8

Removing all clothing, including gloves, shoes, and any undergarments

Question 9

1 intervention for MAJOR burns in the first 24 hours is?

Answer 9

IV lactated ringers (LR) solution
IV normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)

these two are isotonic fluids, because they increase the fluid volume inside the blood vessels which increases the blood pressure

Question 10

Major burns s/s

Answer 10

In the first 24 hours:
- Hyperkalemia - priority because it pumps the heart; can lead to deadly heart rhythm
-Hyponatremia
- Elevated H/H - due to low fluid volume

Question 11

Assessment of Fluid Resuscitation

Answer 11

Urine Output will be 30 mL/hr or MORE

Blood pressure: systolic >/= 90

Heartbeat: < 120 bpm

Question 12

Patient with burns who is immunocomprised, what precautions should be taken to prevent infection?

Answer 12

Avoid placing fresh flowers or plants in or near the client’s room

Question 13

Patient education for burns rehabilitation:

Answer 13

Water-based lotion helps minimize itching and scarring

Wear pressure garments to help minimize scarring and to keep skin tight to promote circulation

Exercise daily to promote movement and avoid stiff joints

wear sunscreen and protective clothing when going out into the open sun