Burns Flashcards
It is a tissue injury or destruction results from thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive agents
Burns
Common cause of death in house fires
Inhalation burn
Cause of burn in children (1-5 y.o.), adolescents, and adult population
Scalds from hot liquids
What are the criteria for admission to a designated burn center?
- Burn injury in pts with preexisting illness
- pts with burns and coexisting trauma
- pts who need special social, emotional, or long-term rehab
- Children with burns in hospital
Irreversible cell damage and cell death occurs
Zone of Coagulation
24 - 48 hrs. left untreated will lead to cell death
Zone of Stasis
Minimal and reversible damage
Zone of Hyperemia
Burn that has impaired integumentary integrity associated with superficial skin involvement
Epidermal Burn
How many days does it take for an epidermal burn to heal?
3-4 days
It is a classification of burn with impaired integumentary integrity associated with partial - thickness skin involvement and scar formation
Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn
How many days does it take for the Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn to heal?
7 - 10 days
- It is a classification of burn with impaired integumentary integrity associated with partial-thickness skin involvement and scar formation
- Hallmark sign: Marked edema
Deep Partial - Thickness Burn
How long does it take to heal a Deep Partial - Thickness Burn?
3 - 5 weeks
- It is a classification of burn that has impaired integrity associated with full-thickness skin involvement and scar formation
- Needs escharotomy &/ skin grafting
- May develop hypertrophic or keloid scar
Full thickness burn
It is a classification of burn with impaired integumentary integrity associated with skin involvement, extending into fascia, muscle, or bone and scar formation
Subdermal Burn
What is the percentages of severity of burns for partial thickness in adults?
- Minor = 1% to 14%
- Moderate = 15% - 25%
- Major = 26% - 100%
What is the percentages of severity of burns for partial thickness in children?
- Minor = 1% - 9%
- Moderate = 10% - 20%
- Major = 21% - 100%
What is the percentages of severity of burns for full thickness?
- Minor = 1%
- Moderate = 2% - 10%
- Major = 11% - 100%
Who developed rules of nines?
Pulaski and Tennison
- Developed to rapidly estimate the percentage of the total body surface area burned
- Divides the body surface into areas of 9 or multiples of 9
Rule of Nines
Name the percentages of each body part in the rule of nines? (Adult)
Both front and back:
Head - 4.5%
Upper Ex (each)- 4.5%
Trunk - 18%
Lower Ex (each) - 9%
Pubic - 1%
Name the percentages of each body part in the rule of nines? (Child)
Both front and back:
Head - 8.5%
Upper Ex (each)- 4.5%
Trunk - 18%
Lower Ex (each) - 6.5%
Pubic - 1%
- It is a more accurate method that Rule of Nines
- Percentages of the body surface area is according to different age groups
Lund and Browder
- It is a type of burn caused by exposure to radioactive substances or materials
- Rarest type of burn
Radiation burn
- It is the most devastating & catastrophic type
- It is a major type of burn
- May lead to amputation and cardiac arrhythmias
Electrical burn
It is a type of burn caused by strong acids and bases
Chemical burn
- It is a type of burn caused by scalds and flames
- It is the most common type
- This burn is common among pedia and geria
Thermal burn
It commonly causes infections
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staphylococcus aureus
Name the pulmonary complications
- Inhalation injury
- Death is d/t pneumonia
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Tracheal damage
- Upper airway obstruction
- Pulmonary edema
- Pneumonia
