Burn Injuries Flashcards
Account for 85% of total burn injuries
Scald burns
Scald burns are most prevalent in what age group
<4 y/o
Leading cause of hospitalization for burns
Scald burns
MC injured site in burn injuries
Hands
Major cause of morbidity and mortality in house fires in cases of burn injuries
Anoxia
Characteristics of burns that should raise the suspicion of child abuse
1) “Glove or stocking” pattern 2) Single-area deep burns on the trunk, buttocks, or back 3) Small, full-thickness burns (cigarette burns) in young children
Burns that prompt hospitalization
1) >10-15% TBSA 2) Smoke inhalation 3) High-tension voltage 4) Suspected child abuse or neglect
Burns that require IV fluid resus
1) >15% TBSA 2) High-tension and electrical injuries (to ensure forced alkaline diuresis in case of muscle injury/rhabdo to avoid renal damage)
Burn degree: Epidermis ONLY
1st
Burn degree: Entire epidermis and variable portion of dermis
2nd
Burn degree: Destruction of entire epidermis and dermis, leaving no residual cells to repopulate damaged area
3rd/full thickness
Burn degree: Painful
1st
Burn degree: No blistering
1st
Burn degree: Vesicle and blister formation
2nd
Pain of first degree burns resolves within
48-72 hrs
Rule of nines used to estimate BSA may be used only in children of what age
> 14 y/o
The rule of palm may be used to estimate BSA for burns that involve
Small burns (<10% BSA)
Rule of palm
Wrist crease to finger crease in the child = 1% of the child’s BSA
T/F For most children, the Parkland formula is an appropriate starting guideline for fluid resus
T
Parkland formula
4cc/kg/%BSA using LR; half of the fluid given over the 1st 8 hrs from onset of injury and remaining fluid given at an even rate over the next 16 hrs
Oral supplementation may start as early as ___ after burn
48 hours
T/F Mortality related to burn injury is NOT associated with toxic effect of thermally injured skin
T
Mortality related to burn injury is ASSOCIATED with
1) Metabolic and bacterial consequences of a large open wound 2) Reduction of patient’s host resistance 3) Malnutrition
Depending on the time since the burn, children with a burn of 40% of TBSA require BEE approx ___% higher than predicted for age
50-100%
Caloric requirement of burn patients
~1.5x BMR
Protein requirement of burn patients
3-4g/kg/day
3 pulmonary syndromes of burn injuries
1) Early CO poisoning, airway obstruction, and pulmonary edema 2) ARDS at 24-48h or later 3) Late complications (days to weeks; eg pneumonia and pulmonary emboli)
Minor electrical burns usually occur as a result of
Biting on an extension cord
Voltage of high-tension electrical wire burns
> 1000V
