Burn Injuries

Question 1

Account for 85% of total burn injuries

Answer 1

Scald burns

Question 2

Scald burns are most prevalent in what age group

Answer 2

<4 y/o

Question 3

Leading cause of hospitalization for burns

Answer 3

Scald burns

Question 4

MC injured site in burn injuries

Answer 4

Hands

Question 5

Major cause of morbidity and mortality in house fires in cases of burn injuries

Answer 5

Anoxia

Question 6

Characteristics of burns that should raise the suspicion of child abuse

Answer 6

1) “Glove or stocking” pattern 2) Single-area deep burns on the trunk, buttocks, or back 3) Small, full-thickness burns (cigarette burns) in young children

Question 7

Burns that prompt hospitalization

Answer 7

1) >10-15% TBSA 2) Smoke inhalation 3) High-tension voltage 4) Suspected child abuse or neglect

Question 8

Burns that require IV fluid resus

Answer 8

1) >15% TBSA 2) High-tension and electrical injuries (to ensure forced alkaline diuresis in case of muscle injury/rhabdo to avoid renal damage)

Question 9

Burn degree: Epidermis ONLY

Answer 9

1st

Question 10

Burn degree: Entire epidermis and variable portion of dermis

Answer 10

2nd

Question 11

Burn degree: Destruction of entire epidermis and dermis, leaving no residual cells to repopulate damaged area

Answer 11

3rd/full thickness

Question 12

Burn degree: Painful

Answer 12

1st

Question 13

Burn degree: No blistering

Answer 13

1st

Question 14

Burn degree: Vesicle and blister formation

Answer 14

2nd

Question 15

Pain of first degree burns resolves within

Answer 15

48-72 hrs

Question 16

Rule of nines used to estimate BSA may be used only in children of what age

Answer 16

> 14 y/o

Question 17

The rule of palm may be used to estimate BSA for burns that involve

Answer 17

Small burns (<10% BSA)

Question 18

Rule of palm

Answer 18

Wrist crease to finger crease in the child = 1% of the child’s BSA

Question 19

T/F For most children, the Parkland formula is an appropriate starting guideline for fluid resus

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Parkland formula

Answer 20

4cc/kg/%BSA using LR; half of the fluid given over the 1st 8 hrs from onset of injury and remaining fluid given at an even rate over the next 16 hrs

Question 21

Oral supplementation may start as early as ___ after burn

Answer 21

48 hours

Question 22

T/F Mortality related to burn injury is NOT associated with toxic effect of thermally injured skin

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Mortality related to burn injury is ASSOCIATED with

Answer 23

1) Metabolic and bacterial consequences of a large open wound 2) Reduction of patient’s host resistance 3) Malnutrition

Question 24

Depending on the time since the burn, children with a burn of 40% of TBSA require BEE approx ___% higher than predicted for age

Answer 24

50-100%

Question 25

Caloric requirement of burn patients

Answer 25

~1.5x BMR

Question 26

Protein requirement of burn patients

Answer 26

3-4g/kg/day

Question 27

3 pulmonary syndromes of burn injuries

Answer 27

1) Early CO poisoning, airway obstruction, and pulmonary edema 2) ARDS at 24-48h or later 3) Late complications (days to weeks; eg pneumonia and pulmonary emboli)

Question 28

Minor electrical burns usually occur as a result of

Answer 28

Biting on an extension cord

Question 29

Voltage of high-tension electrical wire burns

Answer 29

> 1000V