Burgundy (Mixed) Flashcards

Question

What has historically contributed to the high standard of wine quality in Morey-Saint-Denis?

Answer 1

Fine terroir and a care of high-minded grower/producers

Answer 2

Practically an unknown name in Bourgogne wine commerce

Answer 3

Marketed as Gevrey-Chambertin or Chambolle-Musigny

Answer 4

Combe Grisard and Combe de Morey

Answer 5

Bajocian limestone layers mixed with Bathonian

Answer 6

1,050 ft / 320 m versus 919 ft / 280 m

Answer 7

Cistercians, Sisters of Notre Dame de Tart, Collegiale of Saint-Denis de Vergy

Answer 8

Clos de la Roche

Answer 9

Encompasses village, premier cru, and grand cru classifications

Answer 10

Mother vines from the Clos de la Roche vineyard

Answer 11

113, 114, 115, 667, 777, 778

Answer 12

Cortons ## Footnote The red Grands Crus of the Côte d'Or hail from the Côte de Nuits except for Corton.

Answer 13

Clos de Vougeot ## Footnote Clos de Vougeot is recognized as the largest Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits.

Answer 14

Red and white; Chard, Aligote,Pinot Blanc, Pinot Beurot/Gris.

Answer 15

Smaller size, historically largely sold as either chambolle or gevrey. Saint Denis added to Morey in 1927.

Answer 16

Morey-en-Montagne

Answer 17

Combe Grisard and Combe de Morey

Answer 18

Clovis’ son, not Clovis himself

Answer 19

Saint Loup

Answer 20

Saint Bénigne

Answer 21

“The slope of the Côte de Nuits is punctuated by short valleys called “combes” that cut deep into the hillside (the combes of Vosne-Romanée, Chambolle-Musigny, Gevrey-Chambertin, etc.); perpendicular to these combes are large tills composed of the boulders and cobbles from seasonal rivers. These seasonal rivers formed in the springs and summers of the Ice Ages of the Quaternary period. At this time, the soils of Bourgogne were deeply frozen with a permafrost of up to 80 ft/24.4 m. As temperatures warmed up, the ice in the upper portion of the soil melted, but the temperature rise was not enough to thaw the full depth of the soil. Since there was still a significant depth of ice, the melted water could not drain into the soil and so, seasonal rivers formed. These rivers flowed towards the plain digging through the hills and carving out the combes. They carried along clay, sand, gravel, and larger rocks. At the combe entrance, the rivers spread out and deposited the material they had accumulated on their journey to form the tills we see today.”

Answer 22

Double Guyot

Answer 23

False, the decision to require the inclusion of “Grand Cru” on the label is made by the local Organismes de Défense et de Gestion (ODG) and some Grands Crus appellations have opted to make it optional; e.g., Échezeaux and Clos de Vougeot.

Answer 24

Only red wine production

Answer 25

False, Clos de Bèze is warmer than Chambertin, not cooler. Clos de Bèze does not get the same influence of the Combe de Lavaux, so it’s warmer and the wines are slightly more opulent.

Answer 26

L’Avant Dheune River

Answer 27

Monts Luisants, Clos de la Roche, Aux Charmes, Aux Cheseaux

Answer 28

En la rue de Vergy, Bonnes Mares/Clos de Tart, Les Ruchots, La Bussière

Answer 29

• Clos de la Roche (16.90 ha) • Clos des Lambrays (8.84 ha) • Clos de Tart (7.53 ha) • Clos Saint Denis (6.92 ha) • (Bonnes Mares 1.5 ha - Bruno Clair)

Answer 30

Morey-Saint-Denis

Answer 31

AOC: 1936 • 16.90 ha • 3 main parcels; 8 lieux-dits • "Rock" - mother rock or druid sacrifices? • Muscley, tightly wound, mineral, red and dark fruits, musk (wild) and feral notes.

Answer 32

AOC: 1936 • 6.62 ha • Named after Saint Denis, first bishop of Paris, a gentlemen who had his head cut off in the 3rd century during a persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire. After being beheaded, it is said that Saint Denis picked up his severed head and walked several miles while preaching a sermon. • Red & dark fruits, floral, silkier tannis than CDLR, less voluminous and powerful than CDLR.

Answer 33

• AOC: 1981 (had been sold in 1938; never applied for GC status) • "Vin de combe" • Nicely sloped; more clay at bottom • "Tête de Cuvée" - Camille Rodier (1920); then underperformer • Mostly a monopole (+ Taupenot-Merme) • Moderately deep, perfumed, spicy, lighter than Clos de Tart • Effected by Combe

Answer 34

AOC: 1939 • 7.53 ha (monopole) - only 4 owners since 1141 AD • includes 0.28 ha Bonnes Mares, apparently its not planted, very close to the wall, maybe about a meter wide. Only vineyard classed as "Tête de Cuvée by Lavalle in MSD. • N/S planted in part; east-facing - 'parcellaire' approach • Deep, robust, ripe, dense, muscley, refined, mineral. • More clay at the top of the vineyard, more limestone towards the bottom of the vineyard. Firmer wines at top of slope, and more elegant wines at the bottom.

Answer 35

Artemis Group, Francois Pinault

Answer 36

Most planted facing east, so row move up the slop. Because of erosion/global warming, some older, steeper vineyards like Clos de Tart and Clos des Lambrays are planted north to south. ** hot vintages with lots of sun, vines planted north to south get less sun exposure than those planted east to west.

Answer 37

Les Chaffots, Les Ruchots, La Bussière, Les Millandes, Les Faconnières, Les Monts Luisants

Answer 38

Côte Rotie

Answer 39

• 5.39 ha •Only 1 of 3 Lieux-dits with 3 quality level •340 masl •Vin de Combe— Combe Grisard, cooling the area. • only 1er of aligote •planted to white grapes since the Middle Ages •Ponsots aligote planted in 1911 • 5 Varietes • largest 1er cru

Answer 40

• 4.20 ha • 2nd largest 1er in MSD • Soil: gravelly upper zone; deeper clay at the bottom • Full-bodied, powerful, robust. Tannins can be rustic. Mineral-driven. A bit more ‘Gevrey’ than ‘Morey’.

Answer 41

En Chenailla, Champs Pedrix, Les Mogottes, Pommier Rougeot, Le Potey,Les Crais De Chêne

Answer 42

Apples Have Mulchy, Crunchy Pieces Commonly 1. Arvelets 2. Hervelets 3. Meix Bas 4. Aux CHEUSOTS (Clos Napoleon) 5. Clos de la PERRIÈRE 6. CLOS du CHAPTIRE

Answer 43

Aux CHEUSOTS (Clos Napoleon) owned by Pierre Gein Clos de la PERRIÈRE owned by Bénigne Joilet CLOS du CHAPTIRE owned by Guy Fouleur

Answer 44

Fixin, with a vineyard, museum, and statue in his honor. Claude Noisot a Fixin aristocrat served as a commander in Napoleon’s guard, even during the time when Napoleon was exiled to Elba. When Noisot returned to his home village after his military service, he honored his former commander by christening, his finest vineyard to Clos Napoleon. This parcel was formally known as Le village and aux cheusots.

Answer 45

Based mostly on hard Bajocian limestone with a mix of limestone scree and slope wash at the surface. There is also a clayey and stony Bathonian limestone patch in the 1er Clos du Chapitre which probably contributes to the wines Burley nature. The soil is stonier and slope is steeper in the 1er section in the southwestern part of the village.

Answer 46

Clos de Tart: 218L

Answer 47

442.2 acres/179.1 hectares (33% premier cru)

Answer 48

6,432 hl red; 270 hl white

Answer 49

Les Musigny

Answer 50

Produces the Côte de Nuits' most delicate and finesse oriented wines.

Answer 51

Musigny and Corton

Answer 52

It is very different from Morey-Saint-Denis and Vosne-Romanée, a widespread, shallow deposit of fine, gravelly scree spreading all the way to the D974. This light pepply surface layer rests on both Bathonian(higher elevations) and Bajocian (lower elevations) limestone.

Answer 53

The Combe d’Ambin. The lands have been subjected to millennia of torrential flooding.

Answer 54

A widespread, shallow deposit of fine, gravelly scree.

Answer 55

Silk and lace

Answer 56

Grand cru Bonnes Mares, which is bigger and more powerful.

Answer 57

"Boiling fields" in French. Alludes to the torrential flooding of the Grone River as it exits the Combe.

Answer 58

The Cistercians

Answer 59

Les Amoureuses

Answer 60

Les Charmes

Answer 61

Models of elegance and finesse with a generous nose of raspberries and violets.

Answer 62

A model of grace and distinction with a complex bouquet.

Answer 63

Reds 270 hl; Whites 20 hl

Answer 64

Full-bodied and sappy wine with Morello cherry and blackberry aromas.

Answer 65

Given by the Canon of Saint-Denis de Vergey. Cistercian maintained ownership until the French Revolution. The Canon of Saint-Denis de Vergy was a group of canons who lived in a castle in Vergy, France and built the Clos Saint-Denis vineyard. The canons were dedicated to Saint Denis, the first bishop of Paris.

Answer 66

Les Musigny, Let Petits Musigny, and La Combe d’Orveau.

Answer 67

Georges de Vogüé

Answer 68

Upper Portion: Oolitic limestone on top of Ostrea Acuminata marl. Red clay.

Answer 69

Lower Section: heavier clay and darker in color (terres rouges) Upper Section: Lighter limestone (terres blanches) Both soil types have many stones and pepples and are well drained.

Answer 70

’Bonnes Méres’ named after ‘’the good mothers of Notre Dame de Tart”, its earliest owners.

Answer 71

Les Véroilles Les Fuées Les Cras —— Les Sentiers Les Baudes Les Lavrottes Les Noirots Derrière la Grange Les Gruenchers Les Groseilles Aux Beaux Bruns Aux Echanges Les Carrières Les Chatelots Les Combottes Aux Combottes Les Charmes Les Plantes Les Feusselottes Les Chabiots Les Hauts Doix Les borniques Les Amoureuses La Comb d’Orveau

Answer 72

Mâcon AOP Pouilly-Fuissé AOP Pouilly-Loché AOP Pouilly-Vinzelles AOP Saint-Véran AOP Viré-Clessé AOP

Answer 73

Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry, Montagny

Answer 74

50/50 production

Answer 75

Lack of media attention, limited distribution, 1/2 production bottled as Bourgogne Rouge/Blanc AOC

Answer 76

Most vineyards face north giving cooler sites, which suit Aligoté. Vineyards facing south Aligoté is planted on higher cooler sites and PN/Chard get warmer lower sites. Aligoté ripens easily.

Answer 77

Aligoté Doree: Higher quality clone, lower yielding, more perfumed, more complexity. Aligoté Vert: more commercially planted

Answer 78

* In 1956 INAO extended plantings rights * Bulldozers used to soften the contours *Lack of care meant poor drainage and storms of 1981 and 1983 triggered the construction of new drainage system.

Answer 79

Phylloxera! Replanting was slow and meant Givry lost its favoured position. Young, dynamic new producers are aiming to bring it back.

Answer 80

* PN and and Gamay were extensively planted up until the 1950s. * Chardonnay’s higher price point drove the switch, which happened over the next 20 years

Answer 81

* When the aocs were being set-up, the producers of Viré were concerned about paying higher taxes and declined the offer of its AOC. * Elevated in 1999 * Before it was the two separate areas: Macon Viré and Macon Clessé.

Answer 82

Viré, Clessé, Montbellet, and Laizé.

Answer 83

* History of cru labeled under vineyard name showing the terrior has a track record of being special. * Quality assessment, lower yeields, no chemical herbicides * Soil assessment, perferring Jurassic clay-limestone soils * Lower yields 56 hl vs 60 hl * No chemical herbicides * Max of 400 masl ( wines showing typical profile of Pouilly-Fuissé) riper style

Answer 84

* Its north and south sections are separated by Pouilly-Fuissé and the proximity highlights the lower prices of Saint-Véran.

Answer 85

Northern: Davayé, Prissé, and Solutré-Pouilly Southern: Châines, Leynes, Chasselas, and Saint Vérand.

Answer 86

Vineyards face east overlooking Saone plain

Answer 87

Incredibly important. 80% of the production of both village AOP’s is made by the vinzelle Co-OP.

Answer 88

Steeper in Pouilly-Vinzelles

Answer 89

Any of: Mâcon AOC, Mâcon + DGC AOC, Bourgogne AOC, Coteaux Bourgognons AOC, Crémant de Bourgogne AOC, Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grain AOC NOT Mâcon-Villages AOC!

Answer 90

* Late harvest style, can have botrytis. * Traditional in Clessé *Officially part of Viré-Clessé AOC regulations since 2018. *Residual sugar: 8-18 g/l *Demi-sec 4-8 g/l *Min. 14% * Lower yields * Aging: until Feb of 2nd year

Answer 91

Saint-Vérand

Answer 92

Compare and Contrast Explain how abc impacted xyz Discuss controversies, exceptions wine law loop holes. Know key points in each village. Current trends/Climate Change could be asked. Short answer q’s: read the question slowly.compare and contrast, better list similarities and difference. Cover everything. Have check list. Hit soil, climate, history, law. Make every sentence count.Back opinions with facts, producer examples. No points for fluff. Looking for an essay, dont list bullet points. Less is often more. Don’t write 1000 words.

Answer 93

Consider 3 separate sections * Monthèlie - Factual statement on location - Obstacle: - largely planted to Gamay up until the 19th century and impression wines were inferior - Inherent quality issue? - Soils well suited to reds - Helped by switch to PN * Auxey-Duresses * Factual statement on location * Obstacles: * before AOC, most wines went to market as Volnay, Pommard or Meursault * Inconsistent quality in reds (majority of production and 92% 1ers Crus are reds) * Inherent quality issue? * white wines described as junior Meursaults Saint-Romain * Factual statement on location * Obstacles: * side valley and village does not have the open exposure to the east or south * Elevation - 1,148-1345 ft/350-410 m, well above the 820-984 ft/250-300 m sweet spot where most premiers crus and grands crus are found * Inherent quality issue? * Elevated from Hautes-Cotes de Beaune regional classification to a village appellation in 1947 * Whites are Chablis-like Reds are delicate with bright acidity - climate change?

Answer 94

Typical: great acidity, restrained fruit. There are differences where they sit on the AOC hierarchy. Bourgogne level ripe and juicy and approachable. Grand cru level more complexity and tannin. Use your checklist! :Look for 10 points to get a full 10 points! * Climate, soils, viti. vini..? * Grapes amass less sugar than in warmer climates bring more moderate alcohol,less phenolic development, less color, less tannin. * Less phenolic development than in warmer climates * Limestone-rich marl soils - maintain acidity. Alkaline soils. Adding Freshness and lift. * Tradition of wild yeast fermentations * Hands-off winemaking * Less oak or lots oak? * Wild yeast fermentation adding more complexity and depth, vs using a commercial yeast. * Stems or no Stems * Hands-off winemaking-making. * Lower extraction. * Summarize! Bring up any good points. Add something about clones if you have that level of detail. Show your work, by understanding what’s behind the question.

Answer 95

Viré-Clessé

Answer 96

Pouilly-Fuissé

Answer 97

Horse Bones

Answer 98

100% gamay

Answer 99

774 ha planted

Answer 100

77,648 hl (village level)

Answer 101

Montagny (line between occupied France and free France)

Answer 102

Bouzeron 56ha Rully 368ha Mercurey 647ha Givry 283ha Montagny 326ha

Answer 103

Bouzeron 100% white Rully 34% red 66% white Mercurey 85% red 15% white Givry 84% red 16% white Montagny 100% white

Answer 104

Bouzeron and Montagny ( Bouzeron is furthest north and Montagny is furthest south, the bookends are solely white wine)

Answer 105

Bouzeron and Chassey-le-Camp (tiny slice)

Answer 106

8% of white wine of Côte Chalonnaise, 4% of Côte Challonaise total production.

Answer 107

white marl or light brown marl-clay on Oxfordian mother rock (limestone)

Answer 108

1998 (replaced Bourgogne Aligote Bouzeron)

Answer 109

AOC: 1939 368 ha; 26% 1er 2 communes 15,962 hl (21% of Côte Chalonnaise) Two zones of 1er: North side/ east- Richer, denser South side- Mineral, taut, pure (cooler) Better for whites Reds- fruity, perfumed; less tannic than Givry/mercurey but can still be rustic. - Known for cremant de Bourgogne

Answer 110

Cloux 1er: Northen * 10.68 ha Red *red and white wines *Expo: E/SE *Clay-limestone with gravel *rounder wines with good flesh and refinement (Domaine de Villaine make it) Grésigny 1er: Southern *6.43 ha * White wines - high active limestone *Expo: SE * Cooler site * Racy wines with good mineral backbone (D. Janthial makes it)

Answer 111

North is warmer creating richer, rounder wines, south is cooler making fresher, crisper wines

Answer 112

* AOC:1936 * exceptional reputation for many years; from the dukes of burgundy. *Robust wines like pommard *647 ha- various expos *Produces about 35% of the cote Chalonnaise wines *Two different communes ( Mercurey and Saint-Martin) * names after the Roman GOD “MERCUREY”, there once was a Roman temple there, God of Trade and Commerce. * First 1ers in 1943, then 1988. * Reds are generally the richest and most age worthy of cote Challonaise, whites tend to be less fruity then Rully or Montagny. Whites planted higher up on the slope with thinner top soil.

Answer 113

Clos du Roi 1er: Southern * 10.08 ha * Wraps around a hillside - E to SW (Complex like Corton) * 1 of 5 original 1ers * Red and white wines *Chalky, marl, alluvial soils *Refined, red-fruited, moderately earlier but with depth Les Naugues 1er: North Central * 4.11 ha *SW facing * Warm site *Darker limestone-clay soil and gravel *Rich, well-fruited; the Chambolle Musigny of Mercurey

Answer 114

AOC: 1946 * 283 ha - 48% 1er * 3 Communes ( Dracy-Le-Flort, Givry, Jambles) * 18% of Côte Challonais production * One of the most sought after wines pre-phylloxera, the preferred wine of Henri IV * Mostly Red (85%) *Often viewed as more refined than Mercurey- terrior or vines? (Francois Lump makes wine here and says they have better vine material than Mercurey)

Answer 115

Clos Jus 1er: * 6.56ha * Shallow, deeply colored, red-iron soil with rocks *Expo: E but warmer site * Dark colored, powerful, fleshy but firm, spicy, ages well Crausot 1er: *5.22 ha *Red (deeper, lower) and white wines (upper, thinner, rockier soil) - lots of active limestone. * Cooler site *Fresh, mineral, uplifting *Francois Lump makes wine here

Answer 116

AOC: 1936 * 4 communes (Buxy, Montagny-Lès-Buxy, Jully-Les-Buxy, Saint-Vallerin) * gateway to the Mâconnais, the furthest south in Côte Challonais. * Divided by demarcation zone in WWII through the commune of Buxy. * 326 ha - 62% 1er, 23% of Côte Chalonnaise production *Limestone dominates soil, highly slopped. South has more clay. *Fresh zesty, Chablis-like wines. Peach and apricot * lots of Chardonnay Muscaté (Chardonnay clone: peachy flavors)

Answer 117

Les Burnins 1er: *11.59 ha * Expo: S/SW, steep * Limestone, clay, gravelly soil *Taut, chiselled, mineral-driven, powerful * Made by Stéphane Aladame Les Coères 1er: * 28.20 ha- largest (3 communes) * more clay than limestone *expo: mostly east * Full, ample, rounded wines with less minerality - can be powerfully or lighter depending on site.

Answer 118

* named after the town of Macon * 50 Km long * 80% Chardonnay * Rolling valleys in north, rocky, in south * Village AOCS: 5 — all white wines * Regional AOCs * Average annual prouduction 7% red of Regional Macon * Cooperatives * In free zone during WWII * Abbaye of Cluny— most famous abbey, where cistercians launched their own wing. A Benedictine monk community.

Answer 119

Mãcon AOC: * 78 ha (white), 208 ha (red)| * Red, white, rosé * Mãcon-Villages AOC: * 83 communes, 2043 ha * White wines only (Chardonnay) * Mâcon + geographical designation: 27 - white & red/rosé * 1647.50 ha * Declassification: Mâcon-Villages, Mâcon, Bourgogne, Coteaux Bourguignons * Warmer than northern sub-regions * White: supple, round * Red (Gamay): fresh, fruity

Answer 120

Coteaux Bourguigons, Bourgogne, Macon, Macon-Villages

Answer 121

Viré-Clessé Saint-Véran Pouilly-Vinzelles Pouilly Loché Pouilly-Fuissé (+ 22 1ers) **whites only

Answer 122

* AOC 1999, replaced Macon-Clessé and Macon-Viré *4 communes * 437 ha * 24,588 hl (23% of village-Mâconnais) * Viré-Clessé or VC + climat * No 1er crus...yet * 200-440 masi | *Expo: mostly SE *Soils: Upper Jurassic strata on Bajocian base * Viré = more mineral, taut * Clessé = richer, rounder

Answer 123

the fear of having to pay higher taxes

Answer 124

Montbellet Viré Clessé Laizé

Answer 125

Levrouté: *Late harvest style, can have botrytis *Tradintional in Clessé, promoted by Jean Thenevet (Domaine de la Bongran) *(RS 8-18 g/l , Demi-sec: 4-8 g/lt) * min 14% abv * Lower yields- 48 hl vs 62-64 hl/ha) *(Long aging (until Feb of 2nd year)

Answer 126

*AOC since 1971 * 743 ha *37% of Village-Mâconnais * 8 communes: Prissé, Davayé, Solutré, Pouilly, Chasselas, Leynes, Saint-Vérand, Chânes * 2 zones: by Pouilly-Fuissé, and north of beaujolais.

Answer 127

* Davayé- excellent terrior * various styles * ‘pommards’ lieu-dit Limestone soil, above old quarry, expo: NE, ripens well, Upper slope is Pouilly-Fuissé

Answer 128

* AOC:1940 * 1 commune * 61 ha * 2,818 hl (2.6% of village Mâconnais; 6.5% of ‘Pouilly) * Can have climat on label *Cooler micro-climate *Steep slopes (210-280 masl)

Answer 129

* Generally the most mineral, taught of all the Pouilly’s wines. Some can even be aggressive. * Exceptions - e.g. Lews Longeays is much rounder, lower acidity (clay rich)

Answer 130

*AOC: 1940 * 1 commune * 1.5 % of village-Mâconnais * Expo: South * Warm microclimate * Less steep slopes * Soil: gravelly northern side; more clay southern side. * Usally the richest of the ‘Pouilly’ wines * Lower acidity, can be heavy

Answer 131

* AOC: 1936 *759 ha - Very large * 36 % of Village-Mâconnais; 90% of ‘Pouillys’ * 4 communes * Good richness, sometimes opulent, generally ‘frandest’ wine of the Mâconnais in terms of weight and complexity. * Can age but tends to evolve faster than wines from farther north

Answer 132

* 4 communes * 22 ‘’Crus’’ since 2020 Vintage * 193 ha * lower yields 56 hl vs 60 hl * No chemical herbicides * Qualifications for 1er: History of cru labeled under vineyard name, Quality assessment, Jurassic clay limestone soils * Max of 400 masl * Pros and Cons?

Answer 133

Vouge River

Answer 134

3% of cote de Nuits, grand cru makes up most of it. 2,332 hl

Answer 135

Grand Cru red only 1er and village red or white

Answer 136

3.22 ha of Village 12 ha of 1er

Answer 137

Four 1ers * Clos de Perrieres * La Cras *Petit Vougeot * La Vigne Blanche

Answer 138

The monks of the Abbaye de Cîteaux (Cistercians) in 1098. Benedictine monks from Cluny came in but quickly decided to do there own thing and settled in Citeaux, about 10 minutes drive east of Vougeot, where I believe they are known for making cheese. Cistercian monks valued hard work/manual labor as much as prayer. Benedictine monks valued prayer most.

Answer 139

sometime between 12th-15th century

Answer 140

in 1791 it sold at auction, it passed through various hands, in 1818 Julien Jules Ouvard purchased it. Son of Napoleons banker. He kept it for a while.

Answer 141

Phylloxera, arrives in 1884

Answer 142

In 1889, Julien sales Clos to 5-6 negociants, then to another 11

Answer 143

Léonce Bouquet. Owned most (15 ha including the chateau). He didn’t replant on phylloxera resistant rootstock so vineyard dwindled.

Answer 144

His heirs sold to 22 different buyer in 1920, organized by etienne camuzet of Meo Camuzet

Answer 145

Georges Faively and Camille Rodier (famous wine critic) in 1934

Answer 146

16 Lieux dits

Answer 147

Plante Labbé (266 m)

Answer 148

Top: stony with sand and clay; less deep (erosion) good drainage - can have hydric stress. Bottom: More clay, deeper soils, marlstone; retains water.

Answer 149

Robust, powerful, austere, compact, can have rustic tannins, but can become velvety and perfumed with age

Answer 150

The vines of Les Amoureuses lie immediately below those of Musigny. The vineyard lies mostly on a plateau just above the village of Vougeot. The name means "female lovers," suggesting something of passion and delicacy. Any deeper significance in Chambolle history is unknown. Resting between 853-919 ft/260-280 m elevation, the vineyard's slope is distinctive in being convex rather than concave (which is the norm on the côte). This, together with a largely southern exposure, results in day-long sunlight. It receives even more sunlight than neighboring Musigny! Despite exposure to wind, this orientation results in early budding and ripening. The lower, easterly section, close to the Vouge stream, is cooler and more humid than on the plateau. In general, Amoureuses shares the same soil types as Musigny. The top section is a continuation of Musigny. The topography is characterized by several, step-like faults which bring the terrain down towards Vougeot. There is a predominance of active limestone in the soil that may account for the wine's abundant finesse and silkiness. The upper portion of Amoureuses has a very rocky, shallow topsoil—only 8-23 in/20-60 cm—on a bedrock of Comblanchien limestone with a lot of pebbles at all levels. At deeper depths, the soil is more yellow and brown in color with a stony surface and generous clay content.

Answer 151

5.4 ha 17 owners Vogué 0.56 ha Mugnier 0.53 ha Groffier 1 ha (LARGEST) Drouhin 0.6 ha Amiot-Servelle 0.45 ha Roumier 0.4 ha

Answer 152

Very close to Musigny in tase and charm, ages slowly and beautifully. Christophe Roumier believes Amoureuses is "a wine with silky tannins, delicate texture...a wine of natural gracefulness and ethereal character." Les Amoureuses does show a slight tendency toward inconsistency. When it delivers at the highest level, it is spectacular, but it does not invariably deliver. The character of the vintage marks Amoureuses more so than either Musigny or Bonnes Mares.

Answer 153

Situated at the southern end of the Vosne-Romanée commune and abutting La Tâche to the north, Aux Malconsorts is somewhat underrated. This is explained by past significant ownership of underperforming domaines and the nature of the wine itself. Aux Malconsorts wines are among Vosné-Romanée's least expressive in their youth. However wich about 1 pears of In addition today there is a cadre of quality-minded producers who have made Aux Malconsorts one of Vosne-Romanée's most distinguished premier cru wines. It is only challenged by Cros Parantoux as the finest of Vosne's 14 premiers crus. The name "Malconsorts" refers to a patch of ground covered with thorn bushes. This can explain why Aux Malconsorts was one of Vosne-Romanée's last premier cru sites to be cleared and planted. It was planted in 1610—late by village standards. The vineyard is about the same size as La Tâche, its grand cru neighbor to the north. Like La Tâche, it is bisected by a vigneron' road which marks the division point between two types of soil. Above the road, the soil is lighter and has more sand. Below the road, the soil is darker and reddish in color and more compact. Soil depth varies from 4-39 in/10-100 cm with scattered limestone rocks and sandstone pebbles mixed in the soil's surface layers. Generally speaking, the lower portion of the vineyard has more compact soil with less sand.

Answer 154

5.86ha 6 owners • A. Bichot 1.78 hectares (LARGEST) • Hubert de Montille 1.37 hectares • Domaine Dujac 1.33 hectares • Sylvain Cathiard 0.74 hectares • Lamarche 0.50 hectares • Hudelot-Noëllat 0.14 hectares

Answer 155

Needs time!Aux Malconsorts-often seen as Les Malconsorts-creates the biggest and most powerful wine of all the Vosne premiers crus and is often the most long-lived. Its tannins are typically dense and firm, but not harsh. The wine normally requires 15 or more years to fully evolve. What it may lack in finesse, it makes up in volume and power.

Answer 156

With 41 premiers crus, the village of Nuits-Saint-Georges has an abundance of excellent vineyard land. The supremacy of Les Saint-Georges as the finest of Nuits® premiers crus is not in doubt. Les Saint-Georges has it all. It lies mid-slope on a 6-8% incline, is reasonably sheltered by a hilltop forest, and is ideally placed to ripen fruit. Its deep brown clay soil provides weight to the wine, while the proliferation of small stones confers minerality. The stones also assist in drainage. Les Saint-Georges is one of Nuits' oldest vineyards, having already been planted in 1000 CE. It was given to the monastic chapter of Saint-Denis at Vergy in 1023 CE. Today, it is in the hands of ten owners. The most prominent: Thibaut Liger-Belair 2.1 hectares Henri Gouges 1.08 hectares Robert Chevillon 0.63 hectares The vineyard's soil combines oolite, Comblanchien and Premeaux limestones with deep, brown limestone-based ferruginous soils which includes a significant fine clay component. The topsoil is stony with a mix of limestone pebbles. The southwest corner is particularly stone-rich; while the northeast is characterized by an alluvial fan. Les Saint-Georges main premier cru rivals are Les Cailles, located immediately to the north, and Les Vaucrains, higher on the slope and situated immediately to the west and northwest.

Answer 157

Saint-Georges combines the qualities of its neighbors, incorporating the finesse of Cailles and the powerful structure of Vaucrains. It is the fullest and richest of the Nuits-Saint-Georges premiers crus. Its notable tannins tend to be well-covered in flesh. A great Les Saint-Georges from Henri Gouges or Robert Chevillon is unquestionably of grand cru caliber.

Answer 158

Pommard-Rugiens is the most sought after of Pommard's vineyards. However, there is a marked difference in potential quality between its two halves. The upper part, Les Rugiens Hauts makes decent, but unremarkable Pommard wine. The lower part, Rugiens du Bas, is arguably Pommard's greatest vineyard with only Clos des Épeneaux in contention. Rugiens du Bas is the lower, southeasterly sector of Rugiens and it most consistently produces Pommard's top level wines. Rugiens du Bas is situated below the 984 ft/300 m contour line. The slope is steep, rock-strewn and prone to erosion with an Upper Jurassic soil type dolomitic limestone—only encountered in Pommard. There is also a high proportion of active magnesium-laced limestone in the soil whereas most limestones are calcium-based.

Answer 159

• de Courcel 1.07 hectares • de Montille 1.02 hectares • Michel Ganoux 0.69 hectares • Louis Jadot 0.36 hectares

Answer 160

The wines have a reputation for being powerful, structured, and age worthy. They tend to be wines of considerable depth while retaining more finesse than those from Rugiens Hauts. Rugiens du Bas wines usually show more class, intensity and completeness than those of the acclaimed Epenots premier cru.

Answer 161

The vineyards and wines of Volnay have a long history of royal ownership and patronage. This is especially true of Les Caillerets which was owned by the Duke of Burgundy, himself, during the Middle Ages. There is a local saying "if you don't have vines in Cailleret, then you don't know what Volnay is." What makes this site special is both its situation-mid-slope and protected from the colder air from above—-and its very thin topsoil which imparts remarkable finesse to the wine. The subsoil is mainly Ladoix limestone. The vineyard sub-divides into three parts over an elevational change of 131 ft/40 m (820-951 ft/250-290 m). From top to bottom the subdivisions are as follows: • Clos des 60 Ouvrées (monopole of Dom. Pousse d'Or) 5.9 acres/ 2.39 hectares • Cailleret Dessus 22.43 acres/9.08 hectares • En Cailleret 7.1 acres/ 2.87 hectares The name "Cailleret" derives from "cailloux" meaning stony. The "ret" suffix is a diminutive, therefore, "caillerets" translates as "little stones." This is a reference to the small pebbles which embellish the vineyard's soil by improving drainage and reflecting heat. The vineyard is beautifully exposed to the south and east along Volnay's southern boundary. It is on a moderate slope with a mix of marl and limestone soil.

Answer 162

14.33 ha 12 owners

Answer 163

• Bouchard Pere et Fils 4 hectares • Pousse d'Or 2.39 hectares • Henri Boillot 0.72 hectares • d'Angerville 0.46 hectares • Chandon de Brialles 0.40 hectares • Lafarge 0.28 hectares

Answer 164

Caillerets rises above the other stellar Volnay premiers crus with its intricate fusion of structure and elegance which epitomizes the finesse and class associated with Volnay's finest wines. Caillerets is quintessentially finesse and delicacy-all red fruits, silk, and lace. In the right hands, and with a few years in bottle, it represents Volnay at its best.

Answer 165

Les Perrières vies with Genevrières and the upper part of Les Charmes as Meursault's best vineyard site. Perrières primacy is due to its position on the slope more so than its soil. Its position gives it the edge on ripening its grapes. Not only is it earlier ripening, it is more advanced in ripeness than either Genevrières or Charmes, yet also comes with excellent acid retention, essential for development in the bottle. The vineyard is divided into three parts, Perrières-Dessus, Perrières-Dessous, and Clos des Perrières. The latter two sections are considered the best parcels. Clos des Perrières (2.35 ac/0.95 ha) is a monopole belonging to the Bardet family and is produced under the Domaine Albert Grivault label. As a walled parcel containing more clay and white marl than the rest of Les Perrières, the Bardet's believe it stands apart. The word "perrières" is descriptive of the presence of stones in the vineyard's soil and is a reference to a former quarry that was located at the site. Les Perrières has a perfect east-southeast exposure which contributes to the ripeness of its fruit and the excellence of its wines. The vineyard soil is typically redder than that of Genevrières with a higher proportion of gravelly scree. It is is located on Meursault's southern border with Puligny-Montrachet and rests upon a moderate slope in the direction of Les Charmes. Perrières soil is typically redder than that of Genevrieres with a high proportion of gravelly scree. It is well-drained and has a high percentage of active limestone (the highest in Meursault), which contributes to the power and intensity of the wine. Its subsoil is comprised of Chassagne limestone which is the Côte de Beaune equivalent of the Côte de Nuits' white oolite and Comblanchien.

Answer 166

13.72ha 25 owners

Answer 167

• Albert Grivault 2.49 hectares • Bouchard Pere et Fils 1.2 hectares • Comtes Lafon 0.77 hectares • Yves Boyer-Martenot 0.69 hectares • Matrot 0.53 hectares

Answer 168

combines the minerality of Genevrières and the rounded appeal of Les Charmes with greater power and intensity. It is tighter in mouthfeel and structure while exuding elegance, raciness, and complexity. Its steely, stony and peachy character epitomizes Meursualt at its best. Les Perrières has a particular reputation for graceful aging out to 20 years or more.

Answer 169

Le Cailleret forms the northern extension of Le Montrachet and lies immediately downslope from the northern end of Chevalier Montrachet. The vineyard includes Clos du Cailleret and Les Demoiselles ( not to be confused with Chevalier Montrachet Les Demoiselles). The word Cailleret has the same origins as in the Volnay Caillerets referring to the abundance of small stones populating the vineyard soil. Les Cailleret continues the gently sloping topography of Le Montrachet but with a more easterly orientation, rather than Montrachet’s south-east exposure. The underlying rock type is similar to its illustrious neighbor, the top soil is stonier.

Answer 170

3.93 ha 8 + owners

Answer 171

• Jean Chartron 1.04 hectares (Clos du Cailleret-including 0.18 ha of Pinot Noir • de Montille 0.85 hectares • Pousse d'Or 0.73 hectares • Domaine Lambrays 0.37 hectares Guy Amiot-Bonfils 8 Michel Colin-Deleger 0.63 hectares (Les Demoiselles)

Answer 172

Along with Le Cailleret, Puligny's Les Pucelles stands apart and above the village's other premiers crus. The elevated status of Pucelles is largely attributed to the consistently fine quality produced by Domaine Leflaive which owns nearly one half of the vineyard. The vineyard is located just below Le Cailleret and immediately north of Bâtard and Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet. Pucelles' soil looks similar to Bâtard, Le Montrachet, and Bienvenues, but it is deeper and stonier. The lower section of the vineyard-Clos des Meix—is the most productive as it is fed by an underground reservoir which collects rainwater. However, it does not have the best quality potential. That accolade goes to the section nearest to Bâtard and Bienvenues. "Les pucelles" means "the maidens" or "the virgins." Its origin may derive from a fanciful tale from the Middle Ages that is often told as part of Puligny's legacy. In the story, the Seigneur of Puligny is depicted as a chevalier (knight), who seduces les pucelles (the female twins) out of wedlock. In turn, they give birth to the bâtards (bastards) who are welcomed (bienvenue) by the populace.

Answer 173

• Domaine Leflaive 3.06 hectares • Jean Chartron 2.87 acres/1.16 hectares (Clos de la Pucelle) • Paul Pernot 0.99 acres/0.40 hectares • Vincent Girardin 0.67 acres/0.27 hectares • Philippe Chavy 0.49 acres/0.20 hectares

Answer 174

According to author, Remington Norman, in tastings, Les Pucelles can sometimes be mistaken for grand cru Bâtard. The commonalities are many...aromas of white flowers, honey, a rich nuttiness, and a broad, fleshy palate sustained by classic Puligny minerality. Bâtard is a shade more intense than Pucelles, which is more reticent than the more obviously rich and plump Bâtard.

Answer 175

Horsts referring to areas that have been broken by faults, that have been uplifted. Example, the formation of the Alps around 60 million years ago.

Answer 176

Bajocian Limestone, below layers of Ostrea Acuminata marl and white Oolite providing perfect drainage

Answer 177

Clos de la Roche Well sheltered and deeps soils— up to 80 cm’s in some places. More than tripled in size since the late 19th century, growing to include neighboring climate

Answer 178

Clos Saint Denis

Answer 179

Combe de Morey

Answer 180

Similar to Clos de la Roche, deeper soils up to 80 cm in some places, more gravel and scree washed down from the Combe.

Answer 181

More sand and pure limestone rather than marls compared to its norhtern neighbors. It sits at up to 320m.

Answer 182

Only for the 4th time since 2017

Answer 183

Clos de Tart continues into Bonnes mares. Both wines could be Robust, and the most full bodied wines created in Morey.

Answer 184

Aloxe Corton, Pernand Vergelesses, Ladoix-Serrigny

Answer 185

388m, 270 degrees of exposure

Answer 186

Corton (dominantly red) Corton Charlemagne (white only) farmed by up to 70 different producers, blending across a distinct climat. Thinner limestone soils of Jurassic origin. Charlemagne (obscure and white only) 28 climat total, Chard dominates planting at top of the slope, as well towards the village of Pernand where vinyards face west. Pinot noir doesn’t like the broad temperature swings brought by cool shady mornings and intense afternoon sun.

Answer 187

nine unique soil types, white only grand cru so reds labeled as “Corton”

Answer 188

Les Chaumes, Clos du Roi, Corton Renardes, Le Corton They all enjoy a near perfect east/southeast exposure and generally more mid slope position

Answer 189

Corton Blanc

Answer 190

Most houses are built with deep cellars because they aren’t too close to the water table. Major upside to being able to age more wine in barrel for a longer period of time.

Answer 191

Less hazelnut and buttery character as the wines have been historically, but the shape of the wine is still round. Now there are more vineyards further up the hill, more of a nervous style of meursault than use to be the case.

Answer 192

Maybe Perrieres but they are not actively looking to add GC’s to this village. The other two great 1ers are Charmes and Genevrieres

Answer 193

Merchants would bottle their own wines according to single plot, which is still rare among the other white villlages like Puligny and chassagne at the village level.

Answer 194

Meursault: Rounder textures Puligny: intense rigid mineral backbone, sprouted by floral aromatics. Chassagne: Kind of like MSD, where you bounce it of of its neighbors. More rectangular in shape. Too many of the vineyards should be red wine for soil reasons. Le Montrachet hits the sweet spot of the clay limestone mix. Faultline between Montrachet and Chevalier. Chevalier above has more limestone. Another fault line below, at the road, between Montrachet and Batard. Batard has much more clay. Montrachet has red soil (iron).

Answer 195

At the moment, you wouldn’t. Volnay has brilliant Pinot noir material. Not clones, these vines are pre-clonal. Two family’s: The angervilles and the Boillots maintained this really high quality Pinot. Most of the Pinot Material in the villages of Chassagne, Santenay, and Mercurey on the whole, is not good. People have learned to tame it. They have moved away from Guyout training, and onto Cordon which reduces the vigor. You can make decent red wine. Some people are making fine wine. Clonal material needs to match, can’t be too fine, or too low quality. Needs to be just right.

Answer 196

Clos de Tavannes and Gravieres

Answer 197

A little more muscular and tannic, a couple good producers. Nice 1ers. Lots of value. Slope starts to moved into the next department.

Answer 198

14th century very well regarded, better than volnay. They are somewhat coining into their own. The haut cote de Beaune planted to typical low trained vines. Haut cote de Nuits, high trained vines which make nice attractive wines which are easier to maintain. The vineyard up there are cooler but are not able to retain water as well because soils are not clay heavy like further down the slope.

Answer 199

Middle: 160-170 mil years ago Upper: 150-160 mil years ago

Answer 200

Middle Bathonian, from Middle Jurassic Epoch (160-170 million years old)

Answer 201

Portlandian, Upper Jurassic (150-170 million years old)

Answer 202

‘’Kimmeridgian specifically refers to a geologic age between 157-152 million years ago. The type of Kimmeridgian rocks relevant to wine are French and found (most notably) in Chablis, Champagne, Sancerre, and Burgundy. Other Kimmeridgian (age) soils exist (in England and other parts of the world), deposited at the same time, but are not the characteristic rocks we associate with French wine regions. Kimmeridgian “limestone” rocks are identified as dark chalky marl with layers of marly limestone and many lenses rich in seashells. The most common seashell fossils are small comma-shaped oysters, Exogyra virgula. Virgule is the French word for comma. The term “marl” refers to a lime-rich mud or mudstone, most commonly composed of calcium carbonate minerals (calcite). Limestone is a (calcium carbonate) rock composed of skeletal fragments of corals, forams, and mollusks.”

Answer 203

Bajocian Upper Bajocian Lower Bathonian Middle Bathonian Upper Bathonian and Callovian Callovian Oxfordian Oxfordian Kimmeridgean Portlandian

Answer 204

30 million years ago, after the valley from from Alsace to Beaujolais collapsed.

Answer 205

erosion caused by rain, frost, and wind has given the landscape stony matters spread on vineyard slopes. Scree, clayey products of mudflow formed from the intense frosts of the last glacial period (20,000 years ago). On these surface formations, the structure of the soils got more complex. This can explain in part the diversity of the terrior.

Answer 206

An asymmetrical ridge, one side is softer and the other side sharper, earthy layers decomposing/eroding at different speeds

Answer 207

Bathonian marl and limestone

Answer 208

Oxfordian limestone and marl (approx. 150-160 million years old from upper Jurassic, same period as Kimmeridgian and Portlandian but older than both) Oxforidan- 157- 163 mil Kimmeridgian- 152 -157 mil Portlandian- 145-152 mil

Answer 209

Oxfordian limestone

Answer 210

Kimmeridgian and Portlandian Soils TIP: Chablis typically tastes younger, sharper than other Chardonnay. The soils above are the youngest. Young wine, young soil.

Answer 211

The Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune, share a geological foundation of limestone and marl but exhibit distinct differences in soil composition. These variations contribute to the different wine styles found in each subregion. Côte de Nuits The Côte de Nuits is primarily composed of Middle Jurassic limestone, including crinoidal limestone rich in fossil fragments (Bajocian) and Ostrea acuminata marls with small oyster fossils. Additionally, the region features Prémeaux limestone with siliceous nodules and Comblanchien limestone (Bathonian), which is more compact. The slopes are punctuated by short valleys known as “combes,” which introduce diversity by bringing down glacial till and cobbles, increasing soil heterogeneity. This complex mixture of limestone and marl contributes to the structured, long-lived Pinot Noirs of the region. Côte de Beaune The Côte de Beaune features limestone and marl formations from the Middle to Late Jurassic, including the limestone of Chassagne, Pholadomya belona marl (Bathonian), and various rock formations such as those in Ladoix (Callovian) and Saint-Romain (Oxfordian). The presence of limestone from the Mountain of Beaune and Nantoux adds to the complexity. A key feature of the Côte de Beaune is the juxtaposition of limestone and marl, which supports both great white wines like Meursault and Montrachet and subtle red wines like Volnay and Pommard. The hill of Corton is an example where Pinot Noir grows on Callovian limestone, while Chardonnay thrives on the marl of Pernand. Key Differences • Limestone Composition: The Côte de Nuits has crinoidal and Comblanchien limestone, while the Côte de Beaune features a broader range of limestone formations, including Pholadomya belona marl. • Marl Presence: The Côte de Beaune has a more varied marl composition, which supports both red and white varieties, whereas the Côte de Nuits is more focused on marl-limestone combinations ideal for Pinot Noir. • Glacial Influence: The Côte de Nuits’ “combes” bring additional geological complexity by depositing glacial till, while the Côte de Beaune’s soil variations are more tied to different limestone and marl layers. • Wine Suitability: The Côte de Nuits’ limestone-heavy soils favor structured and tannic Pinot Noir, while the Côte de Beaune’s marl and limestone mix allows for both white and red wine production, depending on the exact soil composition. Conclusion The soils of the Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune reflect their geological histories and shape the wine styles of each region. While the Côte de Nuits is dominated by limestone formations that produce age-worthy Pinot Noirs, the Côte de Beaune’s mix of limestone and marl allows for world-class Chardonnay and softer, more elegant red wines.

Answer 212

Côte Chalonnaise Situated just south of the Côte d’Or, the Côte Chalonnaise is defined by multiple faults that divide the terrain into panel that slope it down towards the Bresse plain. The region’s soils are predominantly limestone mixed with clay and sand, with occasional iron deposits. The vineyards are interspersed among rolling hills at altitudes between 230–320 meters, providing diverse microclimates. Notably, around Mercurey, soils have a high concentration of iron-rich marl, contributing to the deep color and fuller body of the red wines produced there. Mâconnais Located further south, the Mâconnais region exhibits a varied topography with a series of hills aligned from north-northeast to south-southwest, leaning towers the clay-rich Bresse plain. An example is the Rock of Solutré, faults bring together terrains that are varied in nature (clay, limestone, marl, sandstone) and age (Triassic,Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary), and which accomade both red and white grapes. The soils here are diverse, comprising limestone, marl, and clay. The presence of granite is also notable, particularly in areas favorable to the Gamay grape (volcanic/granitic soils from Triassic epoch). The hills of the Mâconnais form a linked series along an axis from north-northeast to south-southwest, contributing to the region’s varied terroir.

Answer 213

Vineyards sloping SE, soils here are a brown, stony debris, with a greater proportion of clay that proves more suited to red grapes that white.

Answer 214

Lighter in color, and much rockier than northern vineyards.

Answer 215

Les Perrières: * 13.72 ha * Stony *foucused, powerful, mineral, taut *Grand Cru quality but does have the richness of grand cu which makes it unique most famous. Dr Lavalle considered this plot only second to Le Montrachet. Site of former quarry, top soil is rocky with excellent drainage. It benefits from the protection of Montmellian forest above. Les Genevrieres: * 16.48 ha * named after juniper * 4 Lieux dits *Quintessential Meursault, Balance and power, flesh, and minerality Les Charmes: * 31.12 ha- largest and best known * 2 Lieux dits Dessus is UPPER stonier, thinner - 1er cuvée lavalle Dessous is LOWER flatter,heavier soil, less stony Charme- ‘hornbeam’, or ‘field’ (Chaume) *Round, full, often sumptuous, less mineral. Can lack edge with warmer vintages 2 Poruzot: *11.43 ha *3 Lieux dits: Dessus is best - village vineyard enclosed *Cooler site with forest above *Good density, less fragrant, not as refined firmer

Answer 216

Les Perrières Dessus Les Perrières Dessous Clos des Perrières (Monopole of Albert Grivault) Aux Perrières

Answer 217

AOC:1936 One Commune, one hamlet Mostly white with a some red wines NO grand crus Annual production: 18,310hl * 2% red * 11% of CdB wines * 27% 1er

Answer 218

Les Caillerets, a fingertip vineyards (1 ha) sticking out of Volnay into Meursault. Light stony soils on Bathonian limestone. Coche dury and Francois Mikulski make this wine.

Answer 219

Meursault Blagny 1er or Meursault 1er for white Blagny 1er for red Exception: Les Ravelles (Meursault 1er for white, Blagny village for red, not 1er)

Answer 220

Les Santenots is sold as Meursault Santenots if white and Volnay Santenots if red, as it usually is. Volnay Santenots 1er if red, Meursault-Santenots 1er if white Exception: Les Santenots Dessous: Volnay Santenots 1er or Volnay 1er if red Meursault Village if white

Answer 221

Tricky with different soil types, exposures, soils depths, and wine making. Meursault generally ample, broad, pear, lemon, biscuity, brioche. Can be moderately rich and structured, more mineral. Wines more chiseled over past 20 years Meursault historically has been richer and rounder, now more mineral and taught Chassagne more fleshy

Answer 222

Tricky with different soil types, exposures, soils depths, and wine making. Meursault generally ample, broad, pear, lemon, biscuity, brioche. Can be moderately rich and structured, more mineral. Wines more chiseled over past 20 years Meursault historically has been richer and rounder, now more mineral and taught Chassagne more fleshy

Answer 223

Chevalières Villlage *8.78 ha * Bottom more clay, top thin, mother rock *Poised, mineral with substance Other great vineyards: * Tessons * Rougeot * Tillets * Narvaux

Answer 224

AOC: 1937 * 4.46 ha- red wine only for Blagny on label, white wine its labeled as Meursault . * 7 1er crus (92% of land) * Divided by Meursault (4), Puligny-Montrachet (3) Blagny La Pièce Sous Le Bois 1er: *11.15ha *Planted to both white (top) and red (bottom) *Medium full bodied, spicy, Ligheter than Santenots

Answer 225

Clos de Ducs Clos de Chateau des Ducs Clos de la Cave des Ducs

Answer 226

Phillip the Bold

Answer 227

AOC: 1937 Red wines only (sort of) * 29 1er crus * Average Annual Production - 7,711 hl - 5% of CdB wines (but 10.5% of CdN) * Numerous monopoles and Clos (10) * Two communes: Volnay and Meursault * 213 ha (54% 1er) * Thick band of 1ers *Expo: SE, E * Known for limestone (Pommard known for Clay) * North side is in the Hail Zone * Santenots is 29 ha

Answer 228

Four sections: * Border of Pommard -Lower vineyards, sturdier wines * Around the village - several were labelled as ‘Le village’ until 1985. * Lower slopes * South of village /Meursault

Answer 229

Valleys created by erosion, carried soil and alluvial stones from glaciers Allows cool air to descend into vineyards from Hautes Côte like a funnel

Answer 230

La Petite Combe

Answer 231

Medium deep ruby Refined, elegant, sometimes fleshy and mineral Chambolle of CdB Silky texture

Answer 232

Les Caillerets 1er: *14.36 ha *EXPO: SE *Soil: marl and limestone *Tete de Cuvée (Lavalle) * Today greatest vineyard in Volnay * Power but not muscles; mineral spine. Long lived. Clos de Chenes 1er: 15.42 ha * high upslope, steep at top, little soil. Pure white limestone and brown gravel. * Robust, powerful, mineral *2ème (Lavalle) Taillepeids *7.13 ha (2 sections) * one of the steepest vineyards in Volnay * “Cut feet” - rocks * more iron oxide - lower parcel * delicate and powerful, can be austere En Chapman: 11.19 ha- 4th largest * Slight slope * Tete de Cuvée (Lavalle) * Stoney/ Mark; red brown soil; well draining soil (not super deep) * quintessential Volnay

Answer 233

* 29 ha - largest * Actually in Meursault * Heart of the vineyard - Santenots du Milieu (8 ha) Great reputation * Lots of clay * Powerful, rich, ample wines

Answer 234

* Chardonnay ‘version’ of Volnay Santenots * smaller quantity * Most from Plures/Pitures *Rich, sometimes heavier whites, less mineral than other zones

Answer 235

Downy (peronospora) and powdery (oïdium) mildew, trunk disease, botrytis Phylloxera(1878) Grape worms(caterpillars) Red spiders (panocychus ulmi) Yellow spiders (Eotetranychus carpini) Grey rot (caused by botrytis) Eutypa dieback Hail Spring fe

Answer 236

Downy (peronospora) and powdery (oïdium) mildew, trunk disease, botrytis Phylloxera(1878) Grape worms(caterpillars) Red spiders (panocychus ulmi) Yellow spiders (Eotetranychus carpini) Grey rot (caused by botrytis) Eutypa dieback Hail Spring Frost

Answer 237

‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19

Answer 238

‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘18 ( little damage) Hail could quickly turn into grey rot, if this happens around harvest time, the only way to save crop is to harvest immediately like Chablis 2018

Answer 239

First leaves of season /bud burst are coming earlier and earlier, because burgundy is gerttting warmer and warmer. This makes bigger risk to spring frost. ‘16 ‘17 ‘19 ‘21 Chablis sprays water on frost which helps Candles in vineyards

Answer 240

Pouilly-Vinzelles: Les Longeays, Les Pétaux and Les Quarts o Pouilly-Loché: Les Mûres

Answer 241

Clos de Bèze is warmer than Chambertin, not cooler. Clos de Bèze does not get the same influence of the Combe de Lavaux, so it’s warmer and the wines are slightly more opulent.

Answer 242

Pinot Chardonnay (historical) Morillon (Yonne) Beaunois (Chablis)

Answer 243

Griset Blanc (Beaune) Plant Gris (Meursault) Giboudot Blanc (Rully) Chaudent Gras (Côte Chalonnaise)

Answer 244

CHARDONNAY buds early, susceptible to spring frost and ripens early, usually avoiding autumn rains. Vigorous vine requiring high density of planting or severe pruning to keep vegetative growth in check. The clusters ripen to high sugar levels which delivers wines of high alcohol levels. Juice is generally high in extract, but aromatically subdued. Acid levels fall quickly as grape ripens. Its primary fruit typically consists of apple and citrus with secondary and tertiary aromas of butter, nuts, ginger, vanilla, and nutmeg. It’s pale white to yellow gold in color depending on age and its specific terroir. The wine responds favorably to stint in oak. ALIGOTÉ is a vine of average vigor, yet it is more productive than Chardonnay.The wines it creates are aromatic, with medium-body and high acid levels. It delivers a wine with pretty jasmine and vanilla perfume. There are two important clones of the grape: Doré and Vert. Doré is superior as its more generous and elegant aromatics and yields less fruit. Historically planted extensively though Bourgogne. As recently as 1979, Aligote comprised more than have of the white grape vines in the Côte d’Or.

Answer 245

Ruchottes, poor soils as thin as 20 cm in some areas create austere wines in their youth. Mazis, below is much flatter but benefits from cool air from Combe lavaux.

Answer 246

640, premaux limestone and calcare a entroques (bajocian and bathonian) Moderately steep incline increasing sun slight, shielded by forest above

Answer 247

Both vineyards on top of old quarry, lighter more finessed expression providing excellent drainage. Vineyards likely filled from human activity, deeper soils.

Answer 248

Mazoyeres growers can release their wines as Chamres, and they do because it’s more marketable. Resulting in little Mazoyeres in the market.

Answer 249

All can be declassified, downward until the lowest of the hierarchy (Coteaux Bourguigonons) 1: Macon AOC 2: Bourgogne AOC + DGC 3: Bourgogne AOC (Bourgogne + method of production: Aligote , passe-tout-grains, cremant, mousseaux) (Can be declassified into Cousteax Bourguigons) 4: Coteaux Bourguigonons AOC Cote de Nuit Village and Cote de Beaune Village are Village level AOC’s!

Answer 250

AOC: 2011, replaced Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire/ Bourgonge Ordinaire (1937) * 269 ha * red, white and rosé * Area of production all 4 departments: Yonne, Cote d O’r, Saone-et-Loire, Rhône) * Varieties: most relaxed of regional AOCs * Vineyards: distinct from Bourgonge AOC, different vineyards!

Answer 251

AOC since 1937 * 2,653 ha * red, white, and rose * area of production: all 4 departments of Bourgogne (Yonne, Côte d’Or, Saione et Loire, and Rhône) * Can have ‘Pinot Noir’ or ‘Chardonnay’ added to label (min. 85%, otherwise 70%) * ‘Gamay’ must be added if min. 85% (grapes must originate from Beaujolaios cru vineyards) * 13 DGCs (Bourgogne Chitry, Bourgogne Côtes d’Auxerre, Bourgogne Côte Chalonnaise, Bourgonge Côtes du Couchois, Bourgogne Côte d’Or, Bourgogne Côte Saint Jacques, Bourgogne Coulanges-la-Vineuse, Bourgogne Epineuil, Bourgogne Haut Cotes de Beaune, Bourgogne Hautes Côte de Nutis, Bourgogne La Chapelle Notre Dame, Bourgogne Motrecul, Bourgogne Tonnerre.

Answer 252

So the equation moving forward is 7 regional AOCs, 44 village-level AOCs, 33 grand cru AOCs (7+44+33=84). The new AOC count in Bourgogne is 84. **The 13 DGC’s of Bourgonge AOP are on there own AOPs**

Answer 253

* different vineyard plots *Min ABV: Coteaux: 10%, Bourgonge: 10.2-11% * Varieties : Coteaux (main): Gamay, Pinot, Cesar (Yonne), Aligote, Chard, Melon, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Sacy Bourgogne (main): Pinot, Chard, Pinot Blanc * Price: lower for Coteaux

Answer 254

*Bourgogne plus 13 DGCs * Bourgogne Aligote *Bourgogne Mousseux *Bourgogne Pass-Tout-Grains *Coteaux Bourguignons *Cremant de Bourgonge *Macon, Macon-Villages, Macon + Villages

Answer 255

AOC: 1937 *100% Aligoté *1577 ha (produces 50% of Bourgogne blanc) 97,345hl * spans 3 departments (Yonne, Côte d’Or, Saone-et-loire) * two main clones: Doré and vert *High acidity, sibling of Chardonnay

Answer 256

AOC: 1937 * 229 ha * Pinot Noir (min 30%), Gamay (min 15%, max 2/3), most producers still to 50/50

Answer 257

AOC: 1943 * Historically the appellation for all sparkling wine in Bourgogne * traditional method * 51 hl * Red only * Pinot Noir (mostly), Gamay, Cesar, Tressot (Yonne)

Answer 258

AOC:1975 *2,673+ ha *white, rose *tradtional method *spans 4 departments (Yonne, Côte d’Or, saione et loire, Rhône) * Eminent/ Grand Eminent Eminent: min 2 years lees aging Grand Eminent: 3 years lees aging Brut style only, panel tasting for approval, for white cremant only Chardonnay and Pinot noir, Rose allows up to 20% Gamay. Only 75% of extracted juice allowed in production.

Answer 259

Bourgogne Côtes d'Auxerre (1993 - Yonne) • 241 ha - 5 communes • Red, white, rosé Bourgogne Côte d'Or (2017) • 341 ha - 36 communes • Red (100% PN), white (100% Chardonnay) Bourgogne Côte Chalonnaise (1990) • 533 ha - 46 communes • Red, white, rosé Bourgogne Côtes du Couchois (2000 - Saone-et- • 11.5 ha - 6 communes S. of Hautes Côtes/Maranges; W. of "Côte Chalonnaise •only Reds for now

Answer 260

Combe d’orange Combe de Barboron

Answer 261

Chablis Auxerrois Jovinien Vezelien Tonnerrois

Answer 262

Côte d’Or

Answer 263

Sedimentary Basin, with the city of Paris at its center. Sediments formed when France was a shallow tropical sea. Drainage part of many rivers. Many layers of limestone and marls. Big dip at the basin, not because of tetonic activity but because of the weight of sediment on top. Older soils are exposed on outter ends of basin. Younger soils collected in center of basin. Example: Chablis (portlandian) Côte d’Or soils up to 20 million years older. Chablis/Grand Auxerrois- Jurasssic

Answer 264

Erosion happens at different speeds/ rates causing asymmetrical landscape, like a sharp edged land and soft, round land. (Questas)

Answer 265

510 CE the Abbey of Saint Loup was established. Monks started ranking vineyards focusing on Chardonnay and Pinot production. Cistercian & Benedictine Monks – • The Cistercian monks from the Abbey of Pontigny, founded in 1114, were the most influential in developing the reputation of Chablis’ vineyards. Vines were planted during Roman times.

Answer 266

Moderates the vineyards, heat reflects off the water. Adds humidity which increases risk for frost. Transportation from Chablis to Paris promoting early trade.

Answer 267

Powdery and downy mildews Phylloxera railway system (opened 1856) (No longer the only dog in the race) World wars Low labor available

Answer 268

Frost protection methods (reservoir of water near the grand cru hill to protect vines from frost, growers will spray the vines) Mechanization INAO expansion of production area (1978) 5,700ha of vineyard today

Answer 269

Yields (60 ha to high?) Farming and Viticulture techniques Hand picked vs mechanical harvest Vineyard location appropriate?

Answer 270

Bougros Preuses Vaudesir Grenouilles Valmur Les Clos Blanchot

Answer 271

Montée de Tonnerre Mont de Milieu Fourchaume

Answer 272

Vaillons Montmains Cote de lechet

Answer 273

Warmer vineyards resulting in more powerful wines. Close to the grand cru climat sharing the great S/SW exposure. Kimmeridgian soils (more Portlandian on left bank)

Answer 274

White only

Answer 275

Chatillonnais Bouzeron Hard to know on the label where the wine come from because labels as ‘Cramant de Bourgogne’

Answer 276

Aux Guettes

Answer 277

1443 Originally created as a hospital to help the poor and orphans

Answer 278

Jadot, Drouhin, Bouchard, Bichot, Chanson, Champy, Louis Latour

Answer 279

Clos de la Mousse - Bouchard Clos des Ursules - Jadot Les Fèves - Chanson A l’Ecu - Faivley Clos Landry, Clos de la Féguine - Jacques Priuer

Answer 280

84% red 16% white

Answer 281

North - more sand, lighter wines Center - the best, mid slope South - flatter, can lack energy, best whites

Answer 282

Savigny (mild influence) Bouze X (unknown name) Lulunne

Answer 283

Les Grèves: 31.3 ha - largest * mostly red *Higher slope, iron oxide soils * Gravel * powerful, ample, age worthy Les Teurons: 21.04 ha, 3 parcels * Tureau means higher up * Soil— stonier on the top, good draining, bottom heavier clay * Muscular, can be austere young, but can have flesh in warm years Aux Cras: 5 ha * named after limestone, some iron oxide *several terraces *finely tuned, poised, mineral, not as rich Les Clos de Mouches: 25 ha, 3 parcels *at Pommard border * Mouche - Honey Bees * Rich, Iron-oxide soil, some sand and limestone, good drainage Made famously by Drouhin (14ha) * just celebrated 100 years of ownership * Iconic status * 50/50 white/red * White: Synthesis of Corton Charlemange and Puligny * Red: Plump, nicely balanced, fine

Answer 284

* AOC 1937 * Village appellation (not cote de Beaune Village) * 66.14ha designated higher up on the slope above village of beaune. Half is planted, 14 ha red, 16 ha white * Red and white * Fresh wines, good minerality

Answer 285

All sixteen village communes in cote de Beaune EXCEPT these four villages: 1. Beaune AOC 2. Aloxe-Corton AOC 3. Pommard AOC 4. Volnay AOC Why Are They Excluded? • These villages are considered strong enough to stand alone with their own village-level AOCs due to their historical reputation.

Answer 286

Pernand: Reds/ Whites: Elegant, pure, good minerality, the most polished; but still CdB, ‘vins de Combe’ Aloxe-Corton: Red: Robust, can be quite burly, rustic, chewy tannins; best examples more polished; more simple examples - ‘blocky’; needs time. Ladoix: In between; whites mineral, fresh, mod. Elegant. Reds: often fresh, more pronounced tannins than PV, often more refined than AC; some ‘vins de Combe’

Answer 287

Pernand: 205 ha Aloxe-Corton: 129.3 ha Ladoix: 143.3 ha

Answer 288

Pernand: 1 Aloxe Corton: 16 Ladoix: 9 26 total

Answer 289

AOC: 1936 * red and white wines * 3.5% of CdB wines (not including GC) * eight 1ers, three are white only * 1 grand cru climat * Combe wines (2); alluvial fan * 250-300 mask * Expo: E/W/SW/S/SE * Good value

Answer 290

Ile de Vergelesses: * 9.41 ha * @ lieu dits (île des Hauts, Les Basses) * Mostly red, some white * Best 1er among the 3 villages * An island; touches ‘Les Vergelesses’ in Savingy * Tete de Cuvée (Rodier): 1ère Cuvée (Lavalle) * Refined, ample, red fruited, mineral **‘Vergelesses’ was added to ‘Pernand’ because Vergelesses is the greatest cru of the village** SOUS Frétille 1er: *10.25 ha * white only *Expo: SE ( but not complete sun exposure) * Top of hill, lots of limestone * Mineral, fresh, citrus, and orchard fruits

Answer 291

AOC 1938 * 2 communes: Aloxe-Corton: Ladoix Serrigny * Almost all red wine * Warmer microclimate, shielded from Combe influence * Lots of red (iron oxide), brown soils, clay, some gravel. * Expo: S/SE/E * 14 1ers (6 in Ladoix) - both colors * 16 grand cru climates * ‘Les Paulands’ - 3 tier Lieu-dit ( grand cru, 1er, and village)

Burgundy (Mixed) Flashcards

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