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France_Burgundy > Burgundy - General > Flashcards

Burgundy - General Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four departments of Burgundy from north to south?

What subregion is associated with each?

A

Yvonne - Chablis
Cote d’Or - Cote de Nuits & Cote de Beaune
Saone-et-Loire - Cote Chalonnaise & Macon
Rhone - Beaujolais

hat is Levroute?
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2
Q

How many hectares are planted in each subregion?

A

Chablis and the Grand Auxerrois: 7,626 ha
Côte de Nuits and the Hautes Côtes de Nuits: 2,659 ha
Côte de Beaune and the Hautes Côtes de Beaune: 4,815 ha
Côte Chalonnaise: 2,238 ha
Mâconnais: 6,117 ha
Other Regional Areas: 6,598
Beaujolais: 16,947 ha (from 2012)

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3
Q

How long is the Cote d’Or?

A

60 km

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4
Q

What the subregions of the Cote d’Or

A

Cote de Nuits
Cote de Beaune

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5
Q

What AOPs included in the Grand Auxerrois?

A

Chablis Grand Cru AOP
Chablis AOP
Petite Chablis AOP
Saint Bris AOP
Vezelay AOP
Irancy AOP

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6
Q

What are the monts de beaujolais?

A

Series of choppy mountains, up to 1000m elevation, that mark the change in topography when entering the Beaujolais region in the Rhone department

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7
Q

How much of Burgundy’s overall production comes from Beaujolais?

A

About 33%

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8
Q

What latitudes does Burgundy fall within?

A

48-46

47 run through Volnay

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9
Q

What is the climate of Burgundy?

A

Continental

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10
Q

What is the average rainfall, sunshine hours in growing season and temperature of Burgundy?

A

750 mm rainfall
1,300 sunshine hours
68 avg temp

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11
Q

What are the most planted grapes in Burgundy (not including Beaujolais?

A

Chardonnay (15,233 ha, 2011)
Pinot Noir (10,634 ha, 2011)
Gamay (2,534 ha – Burgundy, 2011; 17,433 ha – Beaujolais, 2011)
Aligoté (1,910 ha, 2011)
Sauvignon Blanc (1,505 ha, 2011)
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris

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12
Q

What three rare varieties are found in the Yonne department and what AOPs are they allowed in?

A
  • Cesar (red tannic grape) - Irancy AOP - Max 10% (Combined with Pinot Gris)
  • Tressot - commercially irrelevant - Expert guide says only sparkling, compendium says can be used in Bougogne AOP for red wines but not replanted
  • Sacy - commerically irrelevant - allowed in the encepagement of Cremant de Bourgogne AOP, no amount listed in assemblage
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13
Q

What is the annual production of Burgundy?

A
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14
Q

What are the four tiers of the Burgundy heirarchy?

A

Grand Cru AOP - 2% of production
Premier Cru - geographic designation of village AOP
Village AOP
Regional AOP - 50% of production

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15
Q

Where is most of the Cremant production of Burgundy centered around?

A

Rully in Saone-et-Loire

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16
Q

How much hectarage is annually dedicated to sparkling wine?

A

2,000 - 1/14 of Burgundy

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17
Q

What are the general rules for 1er wines?

A

Lower Yield
Higher must weight
Higher minimum alcohol

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18
Q

Can Premiere Cru be labeled at the village level?

A

Yes, if all the vineyards used are premiere cru and within the village

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19
Q

What is the smallest AOP in France?

A

La Romanee AOP - 0.85 hectares - monopole of Liger-Belair

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20
Q

What is the largest Grand Cru in Burgundy?

A

Corton AOP - 160 hectares

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21
Q

Are grand crus allowed to blended and labeled as Grand Cru?

A

No

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22
Q

What is D974?

A

A two lane road that runs north south through the Cote d’Or

All Grand Crus, and all but one 1er, are west of this road

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23
Q

What is a chevets?

A

Water Channel

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24
Q

What is a murgers?

A

Pile of rocks removed from vineyards

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25
Q

What is a climat?

List examples

How many in total in Burgundy?

A
  • A parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces
  • Today, used to describe an area with similar climate and terroir which is notable in the resulting wines
  • They do NOT always fit within AOP boundaries
    ** The single climat of Monts Luisants in Morey-Saint-Denis is within Morey-Saint-Denis AOP, Morey-Saint-Denis 1er Cru, and Clos de la Roche Grand Cru AOP
  • There CAN be mulitiple climats within 1er or Grand Cru

1,200

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26
Q

What is a lieu dit?

A
  • A named single vineyard, and forms one contiguous parcel within a single commune
  • The Wines of Burgundy, 12th ed. authors Sylvain Pitiot and Jean-Charles Servant“You could say that the lieu-dit is a technical cadastral unit used by geographers, while the climat is a vigneron’s notion.”
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27
Q

What is a cru?

A
  • An imprecise term, cru is used both to denote quality and to indicate a delimited place; depending on the region and the wine in question the term can carry legal weight or simply evoke popular meaning
  • Cru derives from croître (“to grow”), but in Burgundy its use since the late 1500s has seemingly been to indicate high quality
  • cru designations and climat boundaries do not always neatly match
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28
Q

What is a parcel?

A
  • A parcel is a single contiguous holding within a vineyard, owned entirely by one grower
  • domaines may hold several different parcels in the same climat; for instance, Domaine Leflaive owns three separate parcels in the grand cru Bâtard-Montrachet
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29
Q

What is a clos?

A
  • A clos indicates a vineyard enclosed within a stone wall that cannot be jumped by a man on horse
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30
Q

What is a commune?

A

An administrative unit of local government encapsulating a town and its immediate surroundings

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31
Q

What is a village?

A

Imprecise term that indicates one of the many small towns that dot the Burgundy landscape or the wines produced in village appellations

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32
Q

What is a hamlet?

A

Smallest form of settlement, often included administratively within the commune of a larger neighboring town.
- For example, Puligny-Montrachet is a village appellation and a commune, whereas Blagny is a village appellation and a hamlet located within the Puligny-Montrachet commune.

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33
Q

When did Romans arrive in Burgundy?

A

52 CE

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34
Q

What group originally cultivate viticulture in Romanee Conti in the 12th century?

A

Benedictine Monks

Priory of Saint Vivant de Vergy

Formerly called “Clos de Cinq Journaux”

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35
Q

What famous Benedictine order was located in Vosne in the 12th century?

A

Cluny

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36
Q

What style of vineyards were famously built by Cistercians?

A

Clos

Clos de Vougeot
Clos de Tart
Clos de Lambrays

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37
Q

When and where were the Cistercians founded?

A

1098 in the Abbaye of Citeaux near Dijon

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38
Q

What is a defricheurs and who was that title applied to?

A

Land -Clearers

Cistercians monks for their role in expanding Vitilcture

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39
Q

Who required the “disloyal” Gamay to be uprooted and replace with Pinot Noir and when?

A

Philip the Bold - 1395

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40
Q

Who demanding the removal of vines east of Dijon and encourage planting on bonnes costes (good slopes)?

A

Philip the Good - 1441

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41
Q

Who died in battle relinquishing control of Burgundy to Louis XI, king of France?

A

Charles the Bold in 1477

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42
Q

What is the Hospices de Beaune?

A
  • Founded at Hotel-Dieu in 1452
  • Charity hospital from 1452-1971
  • Seized during French revolution in 1792 and renamed Hospices de Beaune with other charity organizations
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43
Q

How did the Hospices de Beaune acquire vineyard area and how much does it hold now?

A

Donations

60 ha - one of the largest in Burgundy

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44
Q

What major event is held by the Hospices de Beaune?

A
  • Wine Auction
  • 3rd Sunday in November to coincide and celebrate end of harvest
  • Part of weekend long event called “Trois Glorieuses”
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45
Q

What events are included in the “Trois Glorieuses”?

A

Saturday - Event at Chateau de Clos de Vougeot
Sunday - Hospices de Beaune Wine Auction
Monday - Paulee of Meursault

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46
Q

What wine is auctioned at the Hospices de Beaune auction?

A
  • The Hospice produces nearly 4 dozen wines with names like “Cuvée Nicholas Rolin,” “Cuvée Guigone de Salins,” and “Cuvée Dames de Flandres.”
  • The wines are auctioned En primeur from the current vintage from the barrels
  • The wines are then aged and bottled by other producers
  • The final label carries the Hospice name and the name of the négociant-éleveur—the producer who bought and bottled the wine
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47
Q

What began vineyard fragmentation in Burgundy?

A

The French revolution (1789-1799) caused land to be seized from aristocrats and religious orders and over parceled off and sold at auctions to multiple owners

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48
Q

What is fermage?

A

Leasing the land to a tenant for cash

Domaine de la Romanée Conti leases three separate vineyard parcels in Corton AOP

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49
Q

What is metayage?

A

A form of sharecropping

Domaine Georges Roumier farms a parcel in Ruchottes-Chambertin AOP owned by Michel Bonnefond, producing the wine for both labels

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50
Q

What began vineyard fragmentation in Burgundy?

A

The French revolution (1789-1799) caused land to be seized from aristocrats and religious orders and over parceled off and sold at auctions to multiple owner

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51
Q

What is Primogeniture?

A

The right of the firstborn son to inherit his family’s entire estate, assured that the aristocracy’s holdings remained intact over generations

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52
Q

What ended Primogeniture?

A

1804 Napoleonic Code

All male citizens would be henceforth equal under the law, and equal in inheritance

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53
Q

Who is the largest landowner in Burgundy?

A

Bouchard Pere et Fils - 130 ha

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54
Q

What is a micro-negociant?

A

A producer that sources fruit and is often but not always, released often a different label for their Domaine label

  • Domaine de Montille’s “Deux Montille” wines and Domaine Dujac’s “Dujac Fils & Père”
  • Comte Armand’s Benjamin Leroux produces négociant wines under his own name
  • when operating both domaine and négociant branches, a vigneron will use the term maison—“house”—to refer to the latter
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55
Q

Who were the first negociants in Burgundy?

A

Maison Champy and Maison Claude Marey - 1720
Maison Lavirotte and Poulet Père & Fils - 1725
Bouchard Père & Fils - 1731

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56
Q

How many domaines were in Burgundy in 2013 according to the BIVB? Average size?

Negociant? Percentage of total Burgundy production?

Cooperatives?

A

3,949 - 7-8 ha

30 - 60%

13

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57
Q

Where and when did Phylloxera first hit Burgundy?

A

1874 - Beaujolais
1878 - Meursault
1887 - Chablis

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58
Q

When was Romanee-Conti replanted on American rootstock due to Phylloxera?

A

1945

Carbon disulfide was used for decades

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59
Q

How did planting on rootstock affect Burgundian vineyards?

A
  • Orderly rows became standard instead of “en foule” (in a crowd)
  • Guyot training replace Gobelet
  • Provignage planting method was obsolete
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60
Q

What is the difference between Cordon de Royat and Guyot training?

A

Guyot requires annually pruning the fruiting cane
Cordon de Royat a permanent arm

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61
Q

Is double Cordon or Guyot training common in Burgundy?

A

No

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62
Q

What direction do the vines run in Burgundy?

List notable exceptions to the rule

A

East to west or up and down slope

Clos de Tart, Clos des Lambrays and La Romanée

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63
Q

What is common vine spacing in Burgundy?

What is the rule?

A

1x1 meter - 10,000 vines per hectare

No less than - 9,000 vines per hectare

Chablis is 5,500 vines per hectares (1.5-1.65x1)

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64
Q

According to Jules Lavalle, how many hectares were planted in the Cote d’Or 1855?

A

26,500 ha - 23,000 were Gamay

Today, only 25% of that

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65
Q

When was Chambertin’s Clos de Beze established?

A

1830

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66
Q

What was the first village to append a famous vineyard to the village name and when?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin - 1847

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67
Q

When were 1er added to Burgundian wine law?

A

1942

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68
Q

What happened in Chablis in 1956 that changed the region significantly?

A

Worst frost since 1709 requiring replanting and they decided to largely expand the boundaries of the region

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69
Q

What the was the last grand cru added to Burgundy and when?

A

La Rue - Vosne-Romanee - 1992

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70
Q

What is Lutte Raisonee / Lutte Integree?

A

“Reasoned struggle”

Not using chemicals unless necessary. Prefers alternative methods like sexual confusion. Uses copper or sulfate based sprays instead of synthetic

Similar to “sustainable” in USA

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71
Q

What Lutte Biologique?

A

Organic viticulture - not using chemicals

BIVB estimates 8-12% of vineyards are organic or biodynamic

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72
Q

What was the first biodynamic estate in Burgundy?

Name others

A

Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau

Domaine Leroy, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Domaine Leflaive, Vincent Dauvissat, Comtes Lafon, and Comte Armand

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73
Q

What vine maladies are common in Burgundy?

A

Fungal Disease

Powdry and Downy mildew, Esca, Eutypa dieback, Grey rot

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74
Q

What insect related issues are common in Burgundy?

A

Phylloxera
Soil nematodes spreading grapevine fanleaf virus
Ladybugs secreting pyrazines

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75
Q

What vintages have green off-flavors blamed on lady bugs

A

2004
2011

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76
Q

What are common bacterial problems in Burgundy?

A

Flavescence doree - phytoplasma is a specialized bacteria to plant material

Spread by leafhopper insects

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77
Q

What biodynamic producer refused to spray synthetic insecticide in Burgundy to prevent leafhoppers from speading Flavescence doree and was prosecuted by the government?

A

Emmanuel Giboulot

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78
Q

What is a chaufferettes?

A

Diesel-burning smudge pots designed to heat vineyards at night
First used in Chablis in the 50s

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79
Q

What is aspersion used in Chablis?

A

Spraying spring buds with water, which freezes and protects them dropping further in temperature

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80
Q

What is a modern solution for deterring frost damage in Chablis?

List an example

A

Electric heating cables

William Fevrè, Vaudésir and Maison Bichot, La Moutonne

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81
Q

What is frost scorch?

A

Ice crystals magnify sunlight and burn buds

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82
Q

What is selection clonal?

A

Replanting vineyards with a specific clone from a nursery

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83
Q

What is selection massale?

A

Replanting by Propagating cuttings from vines in the vineyards

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84
Q

What percentage of vines are typically replanted in Burgundy?

At what age are vines more susceptible to die from esca?

A

1-2%

20 years

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85
Q

When did Pinot Gris appear in Burgundy?

Pinot Blanc?

A

1780s

1890s

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86
Q

What is Pinot Liebault?

A

In 1810, Gevrey winemaker A. Liebault propagated a Pinot Noir vine with high and consistent yields for more vineyards and it was named after him

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87
Q

What were the two early categories of Pinot Noir field cuttings?

A

Pinot Droit - upright-growing vines
Pinot Fin - lower-yield with more concentrated juice

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88
Q

What and when were the first true clones introduced to Burgundy?

A

1971

Dijon clones (AKA Bernard clones) from Domaine Ponsot’s Clos de la Roche Grand Cru parcel

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89
Q

What are the benefits of cold maceration?

A

Extracting color
Produces less astringent tannins
Enhances fruit aromatics

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90
Q

List producers that are known for high percentage of new cluster?

When are they more likely to use 100%

A

Dujac
DRC

Warmer vintage up to 100%, 70-80% in cooler vintages

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91
Q

How can whole berry fermentation result in the wine?

A

High-toned floral, carbonic aromatic complexity without the risk of green tannins if the stems aren’t properly lignified

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92
Q

What are the pros and cons of whole-cluster white pressing?

A

Pro - cleaner, less phenolic must with lower pH

Con - Can contribute to premature oxidation because crushing grapes allows for partial oxidation early in the process, protecting the wine for long

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93
Q

What is a common must enrichment practice in Burgundy?

A

Chaptalizing with white (Beet) sugar

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94
Q

What is subtractive must enrichment?

A

Remove water from the must to concentrate the remainder by a maximum factor of 10%

Legalized in 2009

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95
Q

Is acidification legal in Burgundy?

A

Yes, if it’s declared and documented

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96
Q

What caused acidification to be common in Burgundy in 80s and 90s?

A

Years of heavy synthetic fertilizer left high levels of potassium in the soils, raising pH and lower acidity

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97
Q

Can the same wine be acidified and chaptalized?

A

No, technically illegal but it happens

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98
Q

What levels of new oak are used in each quality tier?

A

Bourgogne - 0-10%
Village - 0-25%
1er - 25%-50%
Grand Cru - 50-100%

White wines usually see less
Chablis, often only GC see new oak

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99
Q

What is the typical toast level for Burgundy barrels?

Exception?

A

Medium or less

Domaine Joseph Roty - high toast levels

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100
Q

Who is the most famous cooperage in Burgundy?

A

Francois Freres in Saint Romain

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101
Q

List producers known for using 350L barrels

A

Pierre Yves Colin-Morey
Henri Bolliot

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102
Q

How many liters is Feuillette?

Where are they used and what is the signifcance?

A

132 L

Remain the official unit of measurement for growers selling wine to négociants but are rare in actual wine production

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103
Q

What river runs through Chablis?

A

Serein

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104
Q

How many communes are in Chablis AOP?

A

17

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105
Q

What significant events happened in Chablis in the followings vintages…

1886?
1887?
1945?
1956?

A

1886 - Downy Mildew
1887 - Phylloxera
1945 - Massive frost
1956 - Frost and cold winter killed vines, They skiied down the Grand Cru Hil

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106
Q

What percentage of Chablis is harvested by machine?

A

95%

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107
Q

When were 1er added to Chablis?

A

1967

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108
Q

What happened in Chablis in 1985?

A

Expanded the AOP 1000 hectares and 7 1ers

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109
Q

What were the original boundaries of Chablis AOP determined by and when?

A

1938

Kimmeridgian Marl

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110
Q

What is Kimmeridgian marl composed?

How and when did this occur?

A

Oyster shells

150 million years ago it was shallow sea, Paris Basin

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111
Q

What is the soil type of Petite Chablis AOP and where is it found?

A

Portlandian Limestone

Ridges and Plateau surrounding the Serein River Valley

112
Q

What is the aspect and soil type of Chablis Grand Cru AOP?

A

Southwest

Kimmeridgian Marl

113
Q

List the climates in Chablis Grand Cru AOP

A

Blanchot, Les Clos, Valmur, Les Grenouilles, Vaudésir, Preuses, and Bougros

114
Q

What is the Union des Grands Cru de Chablis?

A

Private organization who controls 50% of Chablis Grand Cru AOP and requires
- Lutee raisonee
- Lower maximum yield
- High-density plantings 8,000 vines per ha or more

115
Q

How many “major” 1er are in Chablis?

What does this mean? List an example

A

17

Some 1er contain 1ers within them that can be labeled but often are not due to name recognition. Cote de Brechain in Montee de Tonerre

116
Q

What is the smallest 1er in Chablis?

Largest?

A

Cote de Cuisy - less than 0.5 ha

Fourchame and Vaillons both over 100 ha

117
Q

What are the two unofficial categories of Chablis 1ers?

Best 1ers of each?

A

Left Bank - Vaillons & Montmains

Right Bank - Montee de Tonerre

118
Q

What geological feature does the Cote d’Or sit in?

A

Saone River Plain

119
Q

What is the main soil type of the Cote d’Or and when was it formed?

A

Limestone during the Jurassic period

120
Q

What are the subsoil types of the Cote d’Or

A

Argillaceous limestone - higher limestone content
Marl or Calcareous clay - Lower limestone content

121
Q

What is max elevation and slope angle of the Cote d’Or vineyards?

A

400m

35% - Grand Crus are usually at 10%

122
Q

What is a combe?

A

Dry, transverse valleys, carved during the last ice age by melt-water and erosion
Act as conduits for both cool breezes and hailstorms

123
Q

Does the Cote de Nuit or Cote de Beaune have more land under vine?

A

Cote de Beaune by 2x

124
Q

What is the newest AOP in the Cote de Nuits and when?

A

Marsannay - 1987

125
Q

What is the only village AOC to produce rose?

Who started the style?

Who carries it on?

A

Marsannay

Domaine Clair-Dau in the 1920

Bruno Clair - grandson of the founded of Clair-Dau who inherited half of the domaine upon its dissolution in 1985

126
Q

What grape was most planted in Marsannay until the 60s?

A

Gamay

127
Q

What percentage of Fixin production is white wine?

A

5%

128
Q

What can wines from Fixin and Brochon also be released as?

A

Cote de Nuits Villages

129
Q

What is the largest appellation in the Cote d’Or?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

130
Q

What AOCs have significant land holding east of the D974?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin
Chorey-les-Beaune

131
Q

What road runs through the grand crus in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

Route des Grande Crus

132
Q

List and describe the difference between the grand crus on either side of Route des Grande Crus?

A

West
- Mazis-Chambertin and Ruchottes-Chambertin, Chambertin-Clos de Bèze, Chambertin itself, and Latricières Chambertin
- Considered better quality
- Thin rocky-marl soil with iron oxide in the lower slope

East
- Chapelle-Chambertin, Griotte-Chambertin, Charmes-Chambertin, and Mazoyères-Chambertin
- Considered inferior quality

133
Q

What grand cru on the east side of the Route des Grande Crus in Gevrey is considered the best?

A

Griotte-Chambertin - 2.6 ha

Saved by the quality of producers that use the fruit

134
Q

What can Mazoyeres-Chambertin wines be released as?

A

Charmes-Chambertin

135
Q

What combe does Gevrey-Chambertin lie at the mouth of?

Where do the Grand Cru and premiere cru vineyards sit relative to this Combe?

A

Combe de Lavaux

Grand Cru on the south, many of the premiere cru to the north

136
Q

What is the most important site in Fixin?

A

Clos de la Perriere - Monopole of Domaine de la Perriere

This site was listed in Jules Lavalle’s 1855 publication as a tete du cuvee of Burgundy

137
Q

What are the best 1ers in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

Clos Saint-Jacques
Les Cazetiers

138
Q

What is the best 1er in Gevrey-Chambertin and what is unique about it?

A

Aux Combottes

Surrounded on all four sides by Grand Crus

139
Q

What are Grand Crus of Morey-Saint-Denis from north to south?

A

Clos de la Roche
Clos Saint-Denis
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de Tart
Bonnes-Mares - Mostly located in Chambolle-Musigny

140
Q

How much Morey-Saint-Denis village production is white?

A

10%

141
Q

What Morey-Saint-Denis 1er cru allows Aligote?

What domaine is the only one to do so?

A
  • Monts Luisants blanc- Ponsot
  • Domaine Dujac makes a Chardonnary from Monts Luisants 1er
142
Q

What combe does Chambolle-Musigny sit within?

A

Combe de Chamboeuf

143
Q

What is often attributed to silky, ethereal, light-colored nature of Chambolle-Musigny wines?

A
  • Village sits as the base of the eroded Combe de Chamboeuf causing the vineyards to have higher limestone content
  • Causes vines to have mild chorosis
144
Q

What are the Grand Crus of Chambolle-Musigny?

A

Bonnes-Marres - 90%, other 10% is in Morey-Saint-Denis
Musigny

145
Q

What are the 3 lieu dits of Musigny GC AOP?

A

Le Musigny
Les Petits Musigny
A small section of the premier cru climat La Combe d’Orveaux

146
Q

Who is the largest landowner in Musigny?

What unique parcel does he own within it?

A

Domaine Comte Georges de Vogue

The only parcel of Chardonnay - released as Musigny blanc in 2015 for the first time since the 90s

147
Q

What is the best 1er in Chambolle-Musigny?

A

Les Amoureuses

148
Q

What are other top climats in Chambolle-Musigny?

A

Les Fuées 1er
Les Véroilles
Les Cras 1er

149
Q

Who built the Clos de Vougeot?

A

Cistercian Monks

150
Q

How much production of Clos de Vougeot compares do Vougeot village?

A

Clos de Vougeot is 4x production of Vougeot

151
Q

How many producers are in Clos de Vougeot and what is the size of the Grand Cru?

A

82

50 ha

152
Q

Which Grand Crus in Vosne-Romanee are monopoles?

A

La Grand Rue - Francois Lamarche
La Romanee - Comte Liger-Belair
La Tache - DRC
Romanee-Conti - DRC

153
Q

List the Grand Crus in Vosne-Romanee

A

La Grand Rue - Francois Lamarche monopole
La Romanee - Comte Liger-Belair monopole
La Tache - DRC monopole
Romanee-Conti - DRC monopole
Richebourg
Romanee Saint-Vivant

154
Q

Explain how the AOP system relates to Flagey-Echezeaux

A
  • No village AOP
  • The village and 1er within the commune use Vosne-Romanee labeling
  • Two Grand Crus
    • Echezeaux
    • Grand Echezeaux
155
Q

How many lieux-dits are in Echezeaux?

A

11

156
Q

How much of Nuits-Saint-George production is white?

A

3-4%

157
Q

What communes produce the most wine in the Cote de Nuits?

A
  1. Gevrey
  2. Nuit-Saint-George
158
Q

How are the wines of Nuit-Saint-George generally categorized by geography

A
  • Vineyards closer to Vosne-Romanee produce a similar style
  • South are more tannic and rustic
159
Q

How many 1ers are in Nuit Saint George and how can they be grouped?

A

41

  • North of NSG Commune
  • South of NSG Commune
  • Bordering Premeaux-Prissey
160
Q

What are the best 1ers in Nuit-Saint-George north of the commune?

A

Aux Boudots
Aux Chaignots

161
Q

What are the best 1ers in Nuit-Saint George south of the commune?

A

Les Saint George
Les Cailles
Les Vaucrains

162
Q

What are the best 1ers in Premeaux-Prissey?

A

Clos de la Marechale - Jacques-Frederic Mugnier monopole
Clos Arlot
Clos des Grande Vignes - Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair monopole
- Only 1er east of D974

163
Q

Which Grand Crus on the Hill of Corton only produce white wine?

A

Corton-Charlemagne
Charlemagne (rarely used)

164
Q

What communes have a part of the Hill of Corton?

Which is the largest?

A

Ladoix-Serrigny
Aloxe-Corton - 75%
Pernand-Vergelesses

165
Q

List the best climats in Alex-Corton Corton Grand Cru

A

Le Clos du Roi
Le Corton
Les Renardes
Les Bressandes
Les Perrieres

166
Q

How many climats can appear on a Corton Grand Cru label?

A

24 of 26 in total

167
Q

Which two climats cannot appear on a Corton Grand Cru label, but can appear on Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru Label and where are they?

A

Le Charlemagne - Aloxe-Corton
En Charlemagne - Pernand Vergelesses

168
Q

What climats of Corton are in Ladoix-Serrigny?

A

Le Rognet et Corton
Les Vergennes
Les Grand Lolieres

169
Q

What famous vineyard is located with Le Rognet et Corton?

A

Clos des Corton Favieley - 2 ha Monopole of Faiveley

Not an official designation but allowed to be labeled

170
Q

What the 5 1ers in Ladoix-Serrigny that allowed to be labeled as Aloxe-Corton?

A

La Coutière, La Maréchaude, La Toppe au Vert, Les Moutottes, and Les Petites Lolières

171
Q

What are the two hamlets of Ladoix-Serrigny?

A

Ladoix
Serrigny

172
Q

Where is the Fretille Hill and Bois de Noel?

A

Pernand-Vergelesses

173
Q

What are the 1ers of Pernand-Vergelesses organized into and what is mostly in each?

A

Bois de Noel Hillside - Mostly red
Fretille Hill - Can only produce white

174
Q

What percentage of production in Pernand-Vergelesses is red?

A

60%

175
Q

What is the only estate in Burgundy to only grow Grand Cru vines?

A

Bonneau du Martray

176
Q

Where is Louis Latour’s headquarters?

A

Aloxe-Corton

177
Q

Of the 350 hectares, how many in Savigny-les-Beaune are planted to red?

A

300 ha

178
Q

What are the best 1ers in Savigny-les-Beaune?

A

Aux Serpentieres
Les Vergelesses

179
Q

How many 1eres are in Chorey-les-Beaune?

A

0

180
Q

What percentage of Beaune vineyards are 1er?

Why?

A

85%

Urban sprawl of Beaune has diminished village level vineyards

181
Q

What are the two “mountains” in Beaune?

A

Montagne be Beaune - North
Montagne Saint Desire - South

182
Q

What are the best 1ers in Beaune?

A

Les Bressandes
Les Grèves
Les Teurons

183
Q

Where is the Cotes de Beaune AOP?

A

In the 300-370 meters elevation hills surrounding the Montagne de Beaune in the North

184
Q

What four appellations can only produce Red wine in the Cote de Beaune?

A

Pommard
Volnay
Corton
Blagny

185
Q

What stream runs through Pommard?

A

Dheune

186
Q

What is and what causes the style of Pommard?

A

Water flow and erosion have deposited a higher percentage of iron rich clay creating a full-bodied sturdier wine

187
Q

What are the best 1ers in Pommard?

A
  • Les Grands Epenots
  • Les Petits Epenots
  • Clos des Epeneaux Comte Armand’s 5.2-ha monopole
  • Les Rugiens Bas
188
Q

What is considered the best 1er in Pommard?

Explain the labeling confusion

A

Les Rugiens Bas - Applied for Grand Cru status in 2011

Wines can be labeled Les Rugiens if combined with Les Rugiens Haut, which is an inferior site

189
Q

Who ruled in Volnay giving many of the climats their names?

A

Capetians Duke of Burgundy - Built a chateau in the 11th century

190
Q

What are the best 1ers in Volnay?

A

Les Caillerets
Champans
Clos des Chênes
Taillepieds

191
Q

What climats can be called Volnay, located outside of the boundaries if they planted to Pinot Noir?

Where are they and how can they be labeled in Volnay?

A
  • Les Santenots du Milieu 1er
  • Les Santenots Blancs 1er
  • Les Plures 1er
  • Les Santenots Dessous

Meursault

Volnay 1er Cru Santenots

192
Q

What are the best 1ers in Monthelie?

What do they border?

A
  • Les Champs Fuillots
  • Sur la Velle

Volnay’s Clos des Chenes

193
Q

What are the hamlets of Auxes-Duresses?

What river flows through village?

A
  • Petite auxey
  • Melian

Russeau des Cloux

194
Q

What are the best 1ers in Auxey-Duresses?

A
  • Climat du Val
  • Clos du Val
195
Q

How many premiere Crus are in Saint-Romain?

A

0

196
Q

What is most produced in Auxey-Duresses?

A

Red - 66%

197
Q

What is most produced in Saint-Romain?

A

White - 66%

198
Q

What communes produced the most white wine in the Cote d’Or?

A

Meursault

199
Q

What are the best 1ers in Meursault?

A
  • Perrieres
  • Clos des Perrieres, monopoleo of Albert Grivault
  • Les Charmes
  • Les Genevrieres
200
Q

What 1ers can be called Meursault if white and Blagny if red?

A
  • Sous Blagny
  • La Jeunelotte
  • La Piece sous le Bois
  • Sous le Dos d’Ane

DOUBLE CHECK THIS ON COMPENDIUM

201
Q

What percentage of Meursault is 1er?

A

25%

202
Q

What is common among village bottlings in Meursault (and Marsannay)?

What are they called?

A

Labeling Lieu dits

Deuxiemes cru

203
Q

List some important Deuxiemes cru

A
  • Clos de la Barre Comtes Lafon’s monopole in the domaine’s backyard
  • Le Tesson
  • Les Tillets
  • Les Narvaux
  • Chaumes de Narvaux
204
Q

What is the newest vineyard in Merusault?

A

Chaumes (Scrubland) planted in 90s

205
Q

In 2012, how many hectares were declared as Blagny?

How many 1ers in Blagny

A

3.4 ha

4 in Meursault, 3 in Blagny (hamlet in Meursault)

206
Q

Who first planted Montrachet and when?

A

Cistercians in 13th century - called “Mount Rachas”

207
Q

What many producers own land in Montrachet?

A

18

ha=hectare = 10,000 m2 = 2.47 acres
a= are = 100 m2
ca - centiare - 1m2

PLOTS IN CHASSAGNE-MONTRACHET

1. Ch. du Puligny Montrachet
- 4a 28 ca . Vines planted north to south. Purchased by Etienne de Montille in 2012 from Societé Foncier Vignobles S.A.

Domaine de la Romanée Conti (Three Plots)
- 34 a 19 ca Vines planted east to west. One of three parcels owned by the Domaine, first one acquired in 1963 from Comte de Moucheron in Meursault (former Serre-Bernard estate)
- 16 a 70ca Vines planted north to south. One of three parcels owned by the Domaine. Third one acquired in 1980 from Roland Thevenin
- 16 a 70ca . Vines planted north to south. One of three parcels owned by the Domaine, second acquired in 1965 from Monsieur Roizot of the former Draper estate.

3. Domaine des Comtes Lafon
- 31.82 a Vines planted east to west.
- Domaine Jacques Prieur (2 Plots)
- 20a90ca. West side plot just above on hill. Vines planted north to south.
- 37 a 38 ca. Lower plot. Vines running east to west.

4. Domaine Leflaive
- 8a25ca. Vines planted north to south.

5. Domaine Thénard (2 Plots)
- 74a 61ca. Vines planted east to west. The second largest owner in the vineyard. Second parcel. Mainly élevé and sold by Maison Roland Remoissenet et Fils.
- 1ha08a70ca. Chassagne-Montrachet. Vines planted east to west. Mainly élevé and sold by Maison Roland Remoissenet et Fils.

6. M Amiot Guy et Mme Monnot Jean-Claude (2 plots)
- 6 a 35 ca Tiny plot with vines planted in 1920, running north to south.

7. M Colin Marc (4 plots, clustered together)
- .03 ha, .01 ha, .01 ha, .03 ha

8. Mlle Petitjean Claudine
- 5 a 42 ca

9. Mme Blain-Gagnard Claudine
- 7 a 83 ca . Vines planted north to south.

10. Mme Fontaine-Gagnard Laurence
- 7a81ca. Vines planted north to south.

11. Mr. Fleurot René
- 4 a 05 Vines planted north to south.

PLOTZ IN PULIGNY-MONTRACHET

12. Marquis De Laguiche Jean
- 2.06 ha. Vines planted east to west. Vinified and marketed by Joseph Drouhin. Largest land owner.

13. Maison Bouchard Père et Fils
- 88a 94 ca Vines planted east to west.

14. Mm Ramonet Noël et Jean-Claude
- 25a 90ca Vines planted east to west. Pierre Ramonet purchased 0.26 hectares of Montrachet from the Milan and Mathey-Bachelet families in the spring of 1978

15. Guillaume
- 26 a 66 ca. . Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.

16. Guillaume (Boillerault de Chauvigny)
- 13 a 33 ca. Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.

17. Regnault de Beaucaron
- 26a 66ca Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.

18. Mme De Surville
- 13 a 33 ca. Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.

208
Q

What are the best 1er in Puligny-Montrachet?

A
  • Le Cailleret
  • Les Demoiselles - Parcel within Le Cailleret touching Chevalier & Montrachet
  • Les Pucelles
  • Champ Canet
  • Les Combettes
209
Q

What producer makes all 4 Grand Cru in Puligny?

A

Leflaive

210
Q

Who owns the largest part of Montrachet?

A

Marquis de Laguiche - 2 ha, 25%

211
Q

What Grand Crus are in Chassagne-Montrachet?

A
  • Le Montrachet
  • Batard Montrachet
  • Criots-Batard Montrachet- Only one that is 100% is Chassagne - 1.6 ha smallest White Grand Cru in Burgundy
212
Q

What are the 1er and village of Chassagne-Montrachet level soils often best suited to grow and why?

A
  • Pinot Noir due to red clay soils
  • Julie Lavalle’s selection of modern premiers crus Morgeot, Clos Pitois, and Clos Saint-Jean as tête de cuvée—for red wines
213
Q

When did Chassagne become more heavily planted to Chardonnay?

A

After WWII

214
Q

What are the best 1ers in Chassagne?

A
  • Clos-Saint-Jean
  • Les Chaumes
  • Les Verges
  • Les Chenevottes
  • Les Encegnieres
  • Blanchot-Dessus
215
Q

What is the hamlet of Saint-Aubin?

What percentage of Saint-Aubin is premiere cru?

A

Gamay

  • 75%
216
Q

What are the best 1ers in Saint-Aubin?

A
  • En Remilly
  • Les Murgers des Dents de Chien
  • La Chanteniere
217
Q

What is the hamlet of Santenay?

What is Santenay’s most famous landmark?

What percentage of production is white?

A

Saint-Jean

Chateau de Santenay - home of Valois Duke Philip the Bold

20%

218
Q

Where is Remingy and what is it’s significance?

A

Commune with vineyards located in Santenay AOP and Chassagne-Montrachet AOP but is the only commune NOT within Cote d’Or department

219
Q

What are the best 1ers in Santenay?

A
  • Les Gravieres
  • Clos de Tavannes
220
Q

What are the 3 communes in Maranges from west to east?

A
  • Dezize-lès-Maranges
  • Sampigny-lès-Maranges
  • Cheilly-lès-Maranges
221
Q

What are the best 1ers in Maranges?

A
  • Le Croix Moines
  • Clos de la Boutiere - Edmund Monnot monopole
222
Q

What are where is Cote du Couchois?

A

A small region granted subregional status in 2000 as a geographic designation of Bourgogne AOP

Neither in Cote d’Or or Chalonnaise

223
Q

How long is the Cote Chalonnaise?

When did Cote Chalonnaise become a geographic designation of Bourgogne AOP?

A

25 km

1990 - Cote Chalonnaise is NOT it’s own AOP

224
Q

What is authorized for Bourzeron?

What is the most famous estate?

When did Bourzeron become an AOP?

A

Aligote - 100%

Aubert de Villaine - DRC

1998

225
Q

What is most produced in Rully?

What is it known for on a regional level?

When did Rully become an AOP?

What communes are included?

A

70% White

Center of Cremant de Bourgogne production

1939

Rully & Chagny

226
Q

What are the original 1ers in Mercurey dating back to 1943?

A
  • Clos Marcilly
  • Clos Voyens
  • Le Clos du Roy
  • Les Fourneaux
  • Les Montaigus
227
Q

What is the majority of production in Mercurey?

A

Pinot Noir - 85%

228
Q

What is the largest production commune in Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Mercurey - 650 ha - over double Rully, 2nd largest

229
Q

What is most produced in Givry?

A

Pinot Noir

230
Q

What are the communes of Motagny?

A
  • Buxy
  • Jully-les-Reux
  • Montagny-les-Buxy
  • Saint-Vallerin
231
Q

Where does the Macon rank in white wine production?

What is the most planted red?

A

2nd

Gamay

232
Q

How many communes can append their name to Macon?

A

27

233
Q

What are the village AOPs of Macon?

A

Pouilly-Fuissé
Pouilly-Loché
Pouilly-Vinzelles
Saint-Véran
Viré-Clessé

234
Q

What and where are the Rock of Solutre and Vergisson?

A

Large limestone enscarpments in the Macon

235
Q

La Moutonne overlaps what two Grand Crus in Chablis?

A

VAUDESIR AND PREUSES

236
Q

Chapelot, Cote de Brechain, and Pied d’Aloup can all be labeled as what major vineyard?

A

MONTEE DE TONNERRE

237
Q

Identify the following vineyards of Chablis as “Left Bank” or “Right Bank”
a. Vau de Vey
b. Montmains
c. Les Fourneaux
d. Fourchaume
e. Vaucoupin

A

a. Vau de Vey - Left Bank
b. Montmains – Left Bank
c. Les Fourneaux – Right Bank
d. Fourchaume – Right Bank
e. Vaucoupin – Right Bank

238
Q

What Grand Crus are bottled by Domaine Francois Raveneau?

A

LES CLOS, BLANCHOT, AND VALMUR

239
Q

In 2014, Domaine Billaud Simon was purchased by…

A

DOMAINE FAIVELY

240
Q

The Grand Crus of Chablis are bookended by what two Premier Cru Vineyards?

A

VAULORENT(FOURCHAUME) & MONTEE DE TONNERRE

241
Q

How large is a piece? And a feuillette?

A

228L, 132L

242
Q

Clos des Bougerots lies within what greater vineyard?

A

BOUGROS, BY WILLIAM FEVRE

243
Q

Montmains is encapsulates what two, smaller vineyards?

A

FORETS & BUTTEAUX

244
Q

What is the largest Premier Cru is Chablis?

A

FOURCHAUME AS IT INCLUDES COTE DE FONTENAY, L’HOMME MORT, VAULORENT, AND VAUPULENT

245
Q

Which AOP is permitted to make White, Rose, and Red wine in the Cote de Nuits?

A

MARSANNAY AOP

246
Q

Identify which AOP the following Clos are located within.
a. Clos de Tavannes
b. Clos du Fonteny
c. Clos des Boucheres
d. Clos Sorbe
e. Clos des Chenes
f. Clos des Epeneaux
g. Clos Napoleon

A

Identify which AOP the following Clos are located within.
a. Clos de Tavannes – Santenay
b. Clos du Fonteny – Gevrey-Chambertin
c. Clos des Boucheres – Meursault
d. Clos Sorbe – Morey-Saint-Denis
e. Clos des Chenes – Volnay
f. Clos des Epeneaux – Pommard
g. Clos Napoleon – Fixin

247
Q

Clos des Fourches is a declassified village wine from what Premier Cru?

A

CLOS DE LA MARACHALE

248
Q

Which of the Grand Crus in Gevrey-Chambertin may also be labeled as Charmes-Chambertin Grand Cru? What about bottled as Chambertin Grand Cru?

A

MAZOYERES-CHAMBERTIN, CHAMBERTIN CLOS DE BEZE

249
Q

List the Grand Cru monopoles, and their owners, of the Cote d’Or.
LA TACHE
ROMANEE CONTI
LA GRAND RUE
LA ROMANEE
CLOS DE TART

A

List the Grand Cru monopoles, and their owners, of the Cote d’Or.
LA TACHE – DRC
ROMANEE CONTI – DRC
LA GRAND RUE – DOMAINE (FRANCOIS) LAMARCHE
LA ROMANEE – DOMAINE LIGER-BELAIR
CLOS DE TART – ARTEMIS (FRANCOIS PINAULT), PREVIOUSLY MOMMESSIN

250
Q

“With the exception of Michel Gros’ monopole ‘Clos des Reas’ (and La Combe Brulee), every Premier Cru in (blank) and (blank) borders a Grand Cru climat.”

A

VOSNE ROMANEE AND FLAGEY ECHEZEAUX

251
Q

Name a producer of varietal Pinot Blanc from Burgundy.

A

HENRI GOUGES, BOURGOGNE PINOT BLANC & NSG 1ER LA PERRIERE

252
Q

What is the only Premier Cru vineyard in the Cote d’Or that lies east of RN74?

A

CLOS DES GRANDES VIGNES, LIGER-BELAIR MONOPOLE

253
Q

What is the only Grand Cru that has its vineyards running North-South rather than East-West?

A

CLOS DE TART

254
Q

Identify the village in which the following Premier Cru vineyards reside.
a. Narbantons
b. Les Greves
c. Sous Fretille
d. La Toppe au Vert
e. La Truffiere
f. Les Proces

A

Identify the village in which the following Premier Cru vineyards reside.
a. Narbantons – Savigny-Les-Beaune
b. Les Greves – Beaune
c. Sous Fretille – Pernand Vergelesses
d. La Toppe au Vert – Aloxe-Corton
e. La Truffiere – Puligny Montrachet
f. Les Proces – Nuits Saint George

255
Q

Name the five landowners of Clos Saint-Jacques.

A

ARMAND ROUSSEAU, BRUNO CLAIR, JEAN-MARIE FOURRIER, LOUIS JADOT, AND SYLVIE ESMONIN

256
Q

Who bottles the wine pictured above?

A

ARMAND ROUSSEAU

257
Q

Name a Premier Cru monopole in Morey-Saint-Denis AOP.

A

CLOS DE LA BUSSIERE, ROUMIER

258
Q

Cros Parantoux, following Henri Jayer’s death, is currently owned by (Blank) & (Blank)

A

EMMANUEL ROUGET & MEO CAMUZET

259
Q

Which of the following vineyards in Meursault was rated Premiere Cuvee in the 1855 Lavalle Classification?

A

PERRIERES

260
Q

What is the southernmost AOP in the Cote d’Or?

A

MARANGES

261
Q

In the 1855 Lavalle Classification of the Cote d’Or, which vineyards in Chassagne-Montrachet were awarded the designation Tete de Cuvee for white wine production?

A

NONE, TETE DE CUVEE WAS AWARDED TO VINEYARDS FOR RED WINE PRODUCTION.
CLOS-MORGEOT, CLOS-SAINT-JEAN, AND CLOS-PITOIS.

262
Q

What Grand Cru does this bottling come from?

A

CHEVALIER-MONTRACHET, BOUCHARD IS THE LARGEST LANDOWNER

263
Q

The best Premier Cru and Grand Cru vineyards sit at what average elevation range?

A

250-350m(820-980ft) ASL

264
Q

Wines labeled as Cote de Nuits-Villages may have fruit pulled from what communes of production?

A

FIXIN AND BROCHON IN THE NORTHERN SECTION AND PREMEAUX-PRISSEY, CORGOLOIN, AND COMBLANCHIEN IN THE SOUTH

265
Q

Which commune in the Cote Chalonnaise has not been awarded with a Premier Cru vineyard?

A

BOUZERON

266
Q

“The largest producer in Montagny – and the entire Cote Chalonnaise – is the (Blank), the local cooperative”

A

CAVE DE BUXY

267
Q

Which commune is considered to be the heart of Cremant de Bourgogne production?

A

RULLY

268
Q

In addition to Chardonnay and Pinot (Noir/Gris/Blanc), the grapes (blank), (blank), (blank), (blank) are also approved for white wine production in the Chalonnaise

A

ALIGOTE, MELON DE BOURGOGNE, SACY, AND GAMAY

269
Q

Which AOPs in the Chalonnaise produce white wine only?

A

MONTAGNY AND BOUZERON

270
Q

T/F. The Maconnais produces the largest amount of white wine in Burgundy.

A

FALSE, IT IS SECOND TO CHABLIS

271
Q

Name the sub-zones of Pouilly Fuisse.

A

CHAINTRE, FUISSE, SOLUTRE-POUILLY, AND VERGISSON

272
Q

Identify the AOP marked “A”.

A

POUILLY VINZELLES

273
Q

What is Levroute?

A

SPECIFICALLY FROM VIRE CLESSE, INTERCHANGABLE WITH DEMI SEC.

274
Q

Identify the producer of this wine.

A

GUFFENS-HEYNAN

275
Q

Chagny, a commune within the (Blank) AOP, is home to three-star Michelin restaurant Maison Lameloise

A

RULLY

276
Q

What famous AOP, in the Cote d’Or, produces soft cheese from cow’s-milk?

A

EPOISSE AOP

277
Q
A

France_Burgundy (5 decks)

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