Burgundy Flashcards
What kind of climate does Burgundy have?
Continental
What are the four departments in Burgundy?
Yonne, Cote d’Or, Saone-et-Loire, Rhone
Why are negociants often necessary?
To buy up wines and blend them in order to supply sufficient quantities of quality wine to market under their own labels. The wine is often very dependent on the negociant, so the name of the negociant on the label is important. Others sell their grapes direct to a co-operative.
How did the Napoleonic inheritance laws affect land in Burgundy?
Many people own very small parcels of lands within vineyards; large numbers of them are too small to produce their own product, and the quality is therefore uneven.
How many appellations are in Burgundy?
101, many of which overlap with each other
Chablis Climate
much cooler and more unpredictable than the rest of Burgundy
Chablis Soil
made from ancient marine fossils of the oyster–exogyra virgula, mixed in with Kimmeridgian or Portlandian clay
Chablis Vinification
Chablis is traditionally unoaked but some producers now use a little for their Grand Crus. While some winemakers have introduced the use of oak, others have not or just use old barrels for maturation, which allows micro-oxidation. Oak should be used with a light touch to preserve the crisp acidity, lemon/grapefruit, green apple and chalky mineral characters.
Grand Cru Chablis AOC
There are seven vineyards permitted to use this designation and they are all situated on a south-facing slope, at a bend in the river Serein in an area immediately north and northeast of the town of Chablis.
Grand Cru Chablis AOC ABV
Minimum 11% ABV
Grand Cru Chablis AOC Vineyards
They are Vaudesir, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Les Preuses, Bougros, Valmur, and Blanchot, in a small area immediately north and northeast of the town of Chablis.
La Moutonne is a very small climat partly in Vaudesir and partly in Les Preuses. Although not officially a Grand Cru, the vineyard is wholly situated on the Grand Cru classified ground, and is permitted to use Grand Cru on the label.
Chablis Premier Cru AOC
There are a total of 40 vineyards entitled to this appellation that include 17 major names with a further 23 lieux-dits (subdivisions or specific plots within these vineyards) which are sometimes under one of these 17 vineyard names followed by their own.
Chablis Premier Cru AOC ABV
minimum 10.5% ABV
Chablis Premier Cru AOC Vineyards
The 17 major vineyards are Mont de Milieu, Montmains, Montee de Tonnerre, Fourchaume, Les Fourneaux, Vaillons, Vaucoupin, Vaudevey, Vosgros, Vauligneau, Beauroy, Cote de Jouan, Cote de Lechet, Berdiot, Les Beauregards, Chaume de Talvat and Cote de Vaubarousse. The name of the vineyard may also be included on the label.
Chablis AOC ABV
minimum 10% ABV
Chablis AOC
This is a good quality wine from a large number of classified vineyards.
Petit Chablis AOC ABV
minimum 9.5% ABV
Petit Chablis AOC
This is the lowest AOC for Chablis produced from the outlying vineyards of the Chablis region. Although there are a few quality wines produced under this appellation, the soils and environment are not conducive to producing Chablis of the quality of the other appellations.
Bourgogne Tonnerre AOC
Near Chablis. This appellation is for dry white wines from six villages of the Tonnerrois–Tonnerre, Molosmes, Epineuil, Junay, Dannemoine, and Vezinnes.
Bourgogne Epineuil AOC
Near Chablis. This appellation from the village of Epineuil is for red, white, and rose wines produced from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
St-Bris AOC
This comes from a small cluster of villages southeast of Chablis, about 8 miles from the town of Chablis. It is made from the Sauvignon Blanc grape, and is a dry white wine similar in style to the Sauvignon Blanc wines from the central vineyards of the Loire.
Irancy AOC
Irancy AOC is a red wine made in a small area within the St-Bris district. It is made from the Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, and Cesar grapes and sold under the Bourgogne-Irancy AOC.
Other red, white, and rose AOCs in the Chablis and St-Bris districts with the prefix Bourgogne
Chitry, Cote St Jacques, Coulanges-la Vineuse, Côtes d’Auxerre (white only) and Vezelay (white only).
Cote de Nuits Soil
sandy limestone and iron-rich marl
Stem inclusion effect
slightly higher tannin content and gives an earthy dimension to the wine
Marsannay
good quality rose wine is produced from Pinot Noir under the Marsannay-la-Cote AOC and Bourgogne Rosé de Marsannay AOC along with red and white wines
Chambolle-Musigny Grand Crus
Bonnes-Mares (majority); Musigny
Gevrey-Chambertin Grand Crus
Chambertin; Chambertin-Clos de Bèze (Clos de Beze); Chapelle-Chambertin; Charmes-Chambertin (Mazoyeres-Chambertin); Griottes-Chambertin; Latricieres-Chambertin; Mazis-Chambertin; Ruchottes-Chambertin
Vosne-Romanee Grand Crus
Richebourg; La Tache; La Romanee; Romanee-Conti; Romanee-St-Vivant; Grande Rue
Flagey-Echezeaux Grand Crus
Grands Echezeaux; Echezeaux
Morey-St-Denis Grand Crus
Clos de Tart; Clos de la Roche; Clos St-Denis; Clos des Lambrays; Bonnes-Mares (part)
Vougeot Grand Crus
Clos de Vougeot
The only white Grand Cru in the Cotes de Nuits
Musigny produces red and white wine. Musigny Blanc is the only white Grand Cru in the Cotes de Nuits.
How many premier crus are in the Cotes de Nuits?
There are six Premier Cru Village appellations in the Cotes de Nuits which are sold either with the name of a climat or vineyard names appended, or without which allows blending from Premier Cru climats within the village.
Name one Chambolle-Musigny Premier Cru
There are 25 Premier Cru climats; example–Les Amoureuses.
Name one Fixin Premier Cru
There are 5 Premier Cru climats; example–Clos du Chapitre.
Name one Gevrey-Chambertin Premier Cru
There are 26 Premier Cru climats; example–Les Corbeaux.
Name one Nuits-St.-Georges Premier Cru
There are 41 Premier Cru climats; example–Clos de la Marechale.
Name one Vosne-Romanee Premier Cru
There are 14 Premier Cru climats; example–Les Brulees.
Name one Vougeot Premier Cru
75% of the vineyard area is classified as Grand Cru but there are four Premier Cru climats; example–Les Cras.
What is the Napoleonic code?
Shares of the owner’s property pass to each child by generation.
What is a negociant?
Assemble the produce of smaller growers and winemakers and sell the result under their own name.
Name 5 famous negociants.
Olivier Laflaive, Joseph Drouhin, Faiveley, Maison Leroy, Jadot
What is a climat?
A specifically delimited vineyard area based on terroir. Often (but not exclusively) identified with a Premier or Grand Cru vineyard.
What is a clos?
A walled climat. The term is still used even if a wall no longer exists.
What does côte mean?
Slope
Does Cote Chalonnaise have grand cru or premier cru vineyards?
No grand cru, 140 premier crus
Does Maconnais have grand cru or premier cru vineyards?
no grand cru, no premier cru, but several highly regarded village appellations (eg Pouilly Fuisse)
What is the predominant soil in the Cote de Beaune?
Limestone
How do the reds of the Cote de Beaune compare to that of the Cote de Nuits?
The red wines are generally slightly lighter in color and body than the Cote de Nuits reds.
What is the sole grand cru for red wine in the Cote de Beaune?
Corton in the commune of Aloxe Corton is the sole Grand Cru for red wine and is also a Grand Cru for white wine
Aloxe-Corton Grand Crus
Corton, Corton-Charlemagne and Charlemagne (partly in Ladoix-Serrigny). Charlemagne is usually sold as Corton-Charlemagne.
Chassagne-Montrachet Grand Cru
Criots-Batard-Montrachet
Puligny Montrachet Grand Cru
Bienvenue-Batard-Montrachet and Chevalier-Montrachet; Batard-Montrachet and Le Montrachet overlap Chassagne-Montrachet
Name one Aloxe-Corton (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are 13 Premier Cru climats; example–Les Marechale.
Name one Auxey-Duresse (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are 8 Premier Cru climats; example–La Chapelle
Name one Beaune (red, some white wines) Premier Cru
There are 42 Premier Cru climats; example–Les Epenottes
Name one Blagny (red wines) Premier Cru
There are 7 Premier Cru climats; example–La Garenne
Name one Chassagne-Montrachet (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are 50 Premier Cru climats; example– Chevenottes
Name one Ladoix (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are 11 Premier Crus climats; example–Hautes Mourottes
Name one Maranges (red, some white) Premier Cru
There are six Premier Cru climates; example–La Fussieres
Name one Meursault (white, some red wines) Premier Cru
There are 30 Premier Cru Climats; example–Les Caillerets
Name one Meursault-Blagny (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are four premier cru climats; example–La Jeaunelotte
Name one Monthelie (red, some white wines) Premier Cru
There are 10 Premier Cru climats; example–Les Duresse
Name one Pernand-Vergelesses (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are eight premier cru climats; example – Les Fichots
Name one Pommard (red wines) Premier Cru
There are 27 premier cru climats; example – Clos de la Commeraine
Name one Puligny-Montrachet (white, some red wines) Premier Cru
There are 17 Premier Cru climats; example – Le Cailleret
Name one St Aubin (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are 29 Premier Cru climats; example – La Chapelle
Name one Santenay (red, some white wines) Premier Cru
There are 13 premier cru climats; example – Les Gravieres
Name one Savigny-Les-Beaune (red and white wines) Premier Cru
There are 22 premier cru climats; example – La Dominode
Rousseau
the first to domaine bottle in the 20s out of necessity, all were selling fruit to negociants
classic, destem but maybe keep some stems, vineyard t vintayed year to year concentrated and structured but not overly extracted old vine sappy
lots of fruit but lots of structure as well, very dimensional, layers of diverse flavors, as classic as gevrey gets
Why did domaine bottling take off in the 20s?
the econmy in france had tanked so negociatns werent able to buy as much fruit so they started making wine
Faiveley
based in nsg, largest landowner in the cote dor, lots of high quLITY holdings in gevrey
erwin took over in 2008 he pivoted stylistically
before then they were tannic and rustic, wines to age out for 20 years, took too long for wines to soften and by that time the fruit had kinda gone
erwin decided to emphasize purity, fragrance, graceful, best wines are coming from gevrey, very fine more red fruit softer drink younger
Dugat
extremely concentrated and rich, plummy soft, class and sophistication but not at level of rousseua, generous rich fruit unapolegetic chewy meaty
Jadot
one of 5 owners of clos st jacques, which is one of the most iconic wines from them
owns clos de beze
1985 first vinatge of clos st jacques
not a bad large winery, fight that stereotype
less red fruit than faiveley more traditional more into the rousseau style classic gevrey
Roty
very traditional, sappy rich old viney, divisive a bit out of fashion, very rarely elegant, distinctifveness force of personality, unique, very concentration,
oldest chamre schambertin vines in the cote dor, dating back to 1880s replanted vine by vine ony as needed
destem everything, similar to guillemot style
Raphet
Priced fairly
Fourrier
they focus on red fruit, extracts little tannin much more slender and pure, lift, purity, textural refinement
atypical of gevrey, they are unusual for gevrey, fourrier tastes like chambolle
one of 5 owners clos st jacques
gevrey vv cuvee 2017 single vineyard in brochon, one of the best values ***
Jean-marie fourrier
Fourrier’s negoce operation
Durochè
real rising star, family has had great holdings for generations, peirre took over 2010 and totally galvanized quality, they were more irregular and not as good before, slughtly more polished and pure versions of rousseau, more red fruot and textural refinement less strutured middle ground between rousseau and fourrier, more recognizably gevrey, parcel of champ
best known is lavaux st jacques, more perfumed red fruited, most complete lavaux st jacques, single vineyard wines are phenomenal, 16 cazetiers
Sylvie Esmonin
One of the owners of clos st jacques
oaky, black fruit, take no prisonrs veral robust intense wines, small woman producer, buy directly from france, its not washed out wimpy pinot noir, very intense, sturdy
Gevrey-Chambertin
Northern Cote de Nuits, by far the most diverse village in soil type and exposure
Gevrey-Chambertin Best Grand Crus
Chambertin, Clos de Beze are the best, and Latricieres
Clos de Beze is more aromatic, Chambertin is more solid
Combes
Little breaks in the hillside where rivers have cut a gorge, tend to be cooler vineyards
How does the Combe de Lavaux affect vineyards below it in Gevrey-Chambertin?
Creates a microclimate with cooler weather and it creates wines with more fine boned red fruited perfumed
What are the main block of grand cru vineyards like in Gevrey-Chambertin?
More sumptuous
Which Premier Cru vineyards outperform Grand Crus in Gevrey-Chambertin?
Clos St Jacques has undisputed grand cru quality, and the left part of Cazetiers as well
Which Grand Crus are considered less good in Gevrey-Chambertin?
Mazotieres especially the lower part near the road is kinda shit not really grand cru worthy. The whole lower chunk of grand crus there is less good than the upper half.
