Burgundy

Question 1

Gevrey- Chambertin AOC

Answer 1

Red wine
Largest village in the Côtes de Nuits
Grand Crus: Charmes Chambertin AOC , Chambertin Clos de Bèze AOC

Question 2

Morey-Saint-Denis AOC

Answer 2

Almost exclusively red wine
Grand Crus:
Clos de Tart AOC
Clos de la Roche AOC

Question 3

Name of the river in Chablis

Answer 3

River Serein

Question 4

Hoe much ha under vine after de devastating frost of 1945? And how many ha now?

Answer 4

1945 500 ha
Recent decades : 5.500 ha

Question 5

Climate of Chablis

Answer 5

Continental
Cold winters
Warm summers

Because of the northern location there is uncertainty about ripening and considerable vintage variation

Question 6

Rainfall in Chablis
Average and pros and cons

Answer 6

670 mm
Falls throughout the year : moist climate : fungal disease

Question 7

Other threats in weather in Chablis

Answer 7

Vulnerable to spring frost
Hail storms during growing season

Question 8

Soil of Chablis

Answer 8

Limestone and clay (some with considerable amount of fossilized seashells) : Kimmeridgian soil

Question 9

Options for managing spring frost

Answer 9

Smudge pots (smoky, air pollution, staaf needed)
Sprinklers (aspersion) (investment : grand / premier cru wines or well-funded companies / most populair option at the moment)
Pruning choices: later pruning—> later bud-burst

Question 10

Which rootstock in Chablis and why?

Answer 10

41B (Vinifera x Berlandieri): highly tolerant of limestone soils with a high pH

420A (riparia x berlandieri) : low vigor and tolerant of high pH

Question 11

Training system in Chablis

Answer 11

Double Guyot replacement cane

Question 12

Hand harvest of machine picked in Chablis?

Answer 12

Mostly machine picked
Only grand cru vineyard to steep for mechanisation

Question 13

Location and soil type of Petit Chablis

Answer 13

Higher and cooler vineyards
Portlandian soil (hard limestone, less clay)

Question 14

Location and soil of Chablis

Answer 14

Kimmeridgian soil
Mixed aspects (flat land or gentle slopes, many north facing sites)

Question 15

Location and soil of Chablis Premier Cru

Answer 15

40 named vineyards have premier cru status
Predominately south and south-east facing slopes
Kimmeridgian soil

Question 16

What is Poussard-Guyot

Answer 16

It is a training system
This system maintains the same sap route every year
Pruning wounds only on upper parting the cordon
Why? This reduces the number of pruning wounds. Helpful to cut down Esca and other trunk diseases.

Question 17

% new oak in Burgundy

Answer 17

Regional levels little new oak
Village level: 20 a 25 %
Premier Cru: 30-50 %
Grand Cru > 50% (sometimes up to 100%)

Question 18

What is a piece ?

Answer 18

Standard oak cask of 228 litre

Question 19

Premature Oxidation in Burgundy?

Answer 19

From 1996 and subsequent vintages were showing very advanced flavors and colours after a relatively short period of time in bottle. Multiple causes have been suggested:
-changes in vineyard leading to higher yields
-different chemical composition of the grapes
- warmer vintages
- later picking times
- use of over-clean musts (resulting from the use of pneumatic presses)
- overzealous bâttonage
- lower levels of sulfur dioxide at bottling
- quality of cork
- changes in cork treatment

Question 20

What is Henri Jayer known for?

Answer 20

Durin the 1980s he promoted fermentation of destemmed fruit. And many quality minded producers followed his example.

Question 21

What type of vessel for fermentation in Burgundy? And why?

Answer 21

Small open-top vessels
Helps facilitate cap management technique:
Pumping over (remontage)
Punching down (pigéage)

Question 22

Why are cap management techniques for Pinot noir so important?

Answer 22

-To introduce oxygen (essential for yeast metabolism)
-Avoid reduction and the production of reductive sulfur compounds (Pinot noir is prone to reduction)
- avoid the production of acetic acid
- to extract colour, tannin and flavors from the skin
- to regulate temperature in the must

Question 23

Post fermentation time in Burgundy for red wines?

Answer 23

Depends on the ripeness of the fruit and the style of wine to be made.
2-3 weeks (long) for wines of moede concentration and structure

Question 24

Example of a small and large grand cru vineyard in Bourgogne

Answer 24

Large: Clos de Vougeot Grand Cru (50 hectare)

Small: La Romanée Grand Cru (0,84 hectare)

Question 25

Chambolle-Musigny AOC

Answer 25

Red wines
Grand Crus:
Bonnes Mares AOC
Musigny AOC

Question 26

Vougeot AOC

Answer 26

Tiny village appellation for red and white.
Grand Cru is:
Clos de Vougeot and is much larger than the village appellation

Question 27

Viane-Romanée AOC

Answer 27

Red wines only
It’s grand crus u luxe a number of the most famous grand crus including:
La Tâche AOC
Romanée-Conti AOC

Question 28

Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC

Answer 28

Almost exclusively red
No grand crus
Important premier crus:
- Les Saint Georges
- Les Vaucrains

Question 29

Beaune AOC

Answer 29

Predominately red wines (white also)
Leading Premier crus:
- Le Clos des Mouches
- Les Grèves

Question 30

Pommard AOC

Answer 30

Red wines only
Premier Cru:
- Les Rugiens
- Clos des Épenaux

Question 31

Volnay AOC

Answer 31

Red wines only
Premier Crus:
- Clos des Chênes
- Les Caillerets

Question 32

Meursault AOC

Answer 32

Mostly white
Premier Crus:
- Perrières
- Genevrières

Question 33

Puligny Montrachet AOC
Chassagne-Montrachet AOC

Answer 33

Almost Al white puligny
Grand Crus
Le Montrachet AOC
Bâtard-Montrachet AOC

Question 34

Saint-Aubin AOC

Answer 34

Mostly whites
Premier Crus
- Sur Le Sentier du Clou
- En Remilly

Question 35

Where on the slope are the grand cru vineyards situated?

Answer 35

Mid-slope