Burgundy Flashcards
Gevrey- Chambertin AOC
Red wine
Largest village in the Côtes de Nuits
Grand Crus: Charmes Chambertin AOC , Chambertin Clos de Bèze AOC
Morey-Saint-Denis AOC
Almost exclusively red wine
Grand Crus:
Clos de Tart AOC
Clos de la Roche AOC
Name of the river in Chablis
River Serein
Hoe much ha under vine after de devastating frost of 1945? And how many ha now?
1945 500 ha
Recent decades : 5.500 ha
Climate of Chablis
Continental
Cold winters
Warm summers
Because of the northern location there is uncertainty about ripening and considerable vintage variation
Rainfall in Chablis
Average and pros and cons
670 mm
Falls throughout the year : moist climate : fungal disease
Other threats in weather in Chablis
Vulnerable to spring frost
Hail storms during growing season
Soil of Chablis
Limestone and clay (some with considerable amount of fossilized seashells) : Kimmeridgian soil
Options for managing spring frost
Smudge pots (smoky, air pollution, staaf needed)
Sprinklers (aspersion) (investment : grand / premier cru wines or well-funded companies / most populair option at the moment)
Pruning choices: later pruning—> later bud-burst
Which rootstock in Chablis and why?
41B (Vinifera x Berlandieri): highly tolerant of limestone soils with a high pH
420A (riparia x berlandieri) : low vigor and tolerant of high pH
Training system in Chablis
Double Guyot replacement cane
Hand harvest of machine picked in Chablis?
Mostly machine picked
Only grand cru vineyard to steep for mechanisation
Location and soil type of Petit Chablis
Higher and cooler vineyards
Portlandian soil (hard limestone, less clay)
Location and soil of Chablis
Kimmeridgian soil
Mixed aspects (flat land or gentle slopes, many north facing sites)
Location and soil of Chablis Premier Cru
40 named vineyards have premier cru status
Predominately south and south-east facing slopes
Kimmeridgian soil
What is Poussard-Guyot
It is a training system
This system maintains the same sap route every year
Pruning wounds only on upper parting the cordon
Why? This reduces the number of pruning wounds. Helpful to cut down Esca and other trunk diseases.
% new oak in Burgundy
Regional levels little new oak
Village level: 20 a 25 %
Premier Cru: 30-50 %
Grand Cru > 50% (sometimes up to 100%)
What is a piece ?
Standard oak cask of 228 litre
Premature Oxidation in Burgundy?
From 1996 and subsequent vintages were showing very advanced flavors and colours after a relatively short period of time in bottle. Multiple causes have been suggested:
-changes in vineyard leading to higher yields
-different chemical composition of the grapes
- warmer vintages
- later picking times
- use of over-clean musts (resulting from the use of pneumatic presses)
- overzealous bâttonage
- lower levels of sulfur dioxide at bottling
- quality of cork
- changes in cork treatment
What is Henri Jayer known for?
Durin the 1980s he promoted fermentation of destemmed fruit. And many quality minded producers followed his example.
What type of vessel for fermentation in Burgundy? And why?
Small open-top vessels
Helps facilitate cap management technique:
Pumping over (remontage)
Punching down (pigéage)
Why are cap management techniques for Pinot noir so important?
-To introduce oxygen (essential for yeast metabolism)
-Avoid reduction and the production of reductive sulfur compounds (Pinot noir is prone to reduction)
- avoid the production of acetic acid
- to extract colour, tannin and flavors from the skin
- to regulate temperature in the must
Post fermentation time in Burgundy for red wines?
Depends on the ripeness of the fruit and the style of wine to be made.
2-3 weeks (long) for wines of moede concentration and structure
Example of a small and large grand cru vineyard in Bourgogne
Large: Clos de Vougeot Grand Cru (50 hectare)
Small: La Romanée Grand Cru (0,84 hectare)
Chambolle-Musigny AOC
Red wines
Grand Crus:
Bonnes Mares AOC
Musigny AOC
Vougeot AOC
Tiny village appellation for red and white.
Grand Cru is:
Clos de Vougeot and is much larger than the village appellation
Viane-Romanée AOC
Red wines only
It’s grand crus u luxe a number of the most famous grand crus including:
La Tâche AOC
Romanée-Conti AOC
Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC
Almost exclusively red
No grand crus
Important premier crus:
- Les Saint Georges
- Les Vaucrains
Beaune AOC
Predominately red wines (white also)
Leading Premier crus:
- Le Clos des Mouches
- Les Grèves
Pommard AOC
Red wines only
Premier Cru:
- Les Rugiens
- Clos des Épenaux
Volnay AOC
Red wines only
Premier Crus:
- Clos des Chênes
- Les Caillerets
Meursault AOC
Mostly white
Premier Crus:
- Perrières
- Genevrières
Puligny Montrachet AOC
Chassagne-Montrachet AOC
Almost Al white puligny
Grand Crus
Le Montrachet AOC
Bâtard-Montrachet AOC
Saint-Aubin AOC
Mostly whites
Premier Crus
- Sur Le Sentier du Clou
- En Remilly
Where on the slope are the grand cru vineyards situated?
Mid-slope
