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Bureaucracy Flashcards

1
Q

Bureaucracy

A

DEPARTMENTS
GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES
SYSTEM

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2
Q

Byblos

A

Modern Lebanon, traded for cedar wood for boats and roofs.

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3
Q

Nubia

A

Egypt conquered and gained gold and enslaved many Nubian people, Modern Sudan

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4
Q

Sinai

A

Between Africa and Asia, Peninsula

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5
Q

Pepi I

A

Conquered Sinai peninsula, Helped Egypt trade more copper

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6
Q

Cuneiform

A

Very old wedge-shaped writing, Sumeriann writing

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7
Q

Hieroglyphs

A

Symbolic Egyptian writing

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8
Q

Pyramids

A

Huge stone monuments, tombs

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9
Q

Pepi II

A

Last Pharaoh of Old Kingdom, whose reign lasted 90 years!

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10
Q

Thebes

A

City in Upper Egypt that became new capital (replacing Memphis) in the Middle Kingdom era

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11
Q

Punt

A

Modern Somalia, trading center for exotic spices and frankincense

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12
Q

Suez Canal

A

Connects waterways for trading - Mediterranean and Red Seas

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13
Q

New Chariots

A

Faster and lighter than Hyksos

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14
Q

Sequenenra

A

Egyptian prince from Thebes who led fight against the Hyksos and died in battle

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15
Q

Ahmose

A

Annihilated Hyksos
king who founded powerful 18th dynasty that ruled Egypt for centuries

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16
Q

Thutmose I

A

Active warrior Pharaoh who conquered Syria, first buried in Valley of the Kings

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17
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Female Pharaoh, History’s first great women leader, peaceful and prosperous

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18
Q

Thutmose III

A

Stepson of Hatshepsut, sought to erase her reign, expanded Egypt, greatest general

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19
Q

Amonhotep IV

A

ECCENTRIC
CREATED NEW RELIGION (One god)
1361 BCE

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20
Q

Tutankhamon

A

Boy king, his nearly intact tomb was great discovery

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21
Q

Ramses II

A

Big ego, had many structures built in his honor

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22
Q

Hittites

A

Warrior race from the east, peace treaty with them was first known in history

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23
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Conqueror of Egypt in 323 BCE, military genius, built Alexandria, Macedonian

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24
Q

Cleopatra

A

Last member of Egypt’s last dynasty, controlled by Rome, wife of Julius Caesar and then Marc Antony

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25
Mastaba
Flat-topped mud brick tomb, means bench in Arabic, earliest pyramid
26
Imhotep
Designed the first step pyramid, considered first scientist in recorded history
27
Scribe
Professional writer and record keeper
28
Papyrus
Plants on Nile used to make paper
29
Rosetta Stone
Stone with 3 different languages, allowed us to understand hieroglyphics
30
Stele
A tall granite stone with words inscribed on it, one was near the sphinx
31
Karnak
A complex of temples, ruins of Temple of Amon. The biggest standing house of worship in the world at over 5 acres! Temple to Amon
32
Hypostyle Hall
Largest columned hall in the world
33
Column Capital
Top of column, some had papyrus plants or lotus flowers, symbol of life from sun god Amon
34
Obelisk
Tall pillar with pyramid point to
35
Abu Simbel
Temple to Ramses II with 4 giant statues, moved to make space for modern dam there
36
Irrigation
System of watering crops
37
Shaduf
Irrigation tool, Lever and bucket, Primitive water pump
38
Chaff
Wheat Seed Covering
39
Nome/Nomarch
Territory/ruler of a territory, Oversaw irrigation systems
40
Nekheb/Nekhbet
Capital of Upper Egypt, Patron Vulture Goddess of Upper Egypt
41
Upper Egypt
Upstream from delta on the Nile, southern Egypt
42
King Menes
ruler of upper Egypt who united upper and lower Egypt
43
Memphis
Capital city near Cairo Between Upper and Lower Egypt, Means balance of 2 lands
44
Vizier
Prime Minister, Advisor to the Pharaoh, second in command
45
Pharaoh’s Titles
Pharaoh means “He who lives in a great house”, Enclosed in cartouche, shows the power of pharaoh
46
Pharaoh’s Childhood
Often pleasant, educated at a young age, separated boys from girls, later expected to marry relative
47
Flail & Crook
Symbols of Pharaoh’s power, shepherd and protector
48
Inundation
Yearly flood believed to be from the gods
49
Cataract
Sections of rapids and waterfalls along the Nile
50
Kemi/Kemet
Silt/the land of black silt
51
Khent/Khed
to go up stream, to go down stream
52
Cartouche
Oval ring with sacred names shows pharaoh’s power
53
Pepi II
Longest ruling Pharaoh, from 6 to 100!
54
Kepresh
Pharaoh war crown made of leather
55
Uraeus
Brightly colored cobra on pharaoh’s headdress, spitting fire at enemies
56
Nemes
Pharaoh’s less formal headdress, cloth, made with linen and gold thread
57
Lower Egypt
Downstream on Nile, Northern Egypt
58
Nile River
Life source of Egypt, Was like a highway for travel, irrigation, longest river in the world
59
Horus-Hawk
Hawk God, brought life from the sky in creation myth
60
Myth
A story that explains the past
61
Epic
A long poem about a hero
62
Prehistory
History before the development of writing
63
Nomads
People who moved with the flocks and herds
64
Artifacts
Artifacts are historical objects made by humans
65
Attila the Hun
Leader of Huns and defeated Romans. Was humble and had a strong relationship with his son
66
Troy
ancient walled city on modern Turkish coast. Site of major war. Trojan horse
67
Odysseus
Hero, King of Ithaca, Boastful, Quick-thinking. Commander at Troy
68
History
The study of the past
69
Secondary Source
Source produced AFTER the event or time period. Gives info about the primary source. Not an eyewitness.
70
Oral Tradition
Another important non-written source is a culture’s oral tradition the legends, myths, and beliefs passed on by word of mouth from generation to generation
71
Cuneiform
A type of writing that is using shapes and wedges. Cuneiform means wedge shaped. Started in Mesopotamia
72
Polytheism
Polytheism is when you believe or worship more than one god
73
Primary Source
Sources produced during the same time period as the events the describe
74
Pictograph
pictures that stand for words or ideas
75
Culture
Behaviors, beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a group of people
76
Surplus
Surplus is when you have a lot of something that you don’t need. Extra food that helps make a city
77
Scribe
A scribe is a person that reads papers to someone like a king. They also write for people because not everyone was literate. Professional writer and record keeper
78
Plateau
Broad area of high flat land (high flat land)
79
Plain
A broad area of flat, open, land, that is lower than the plateau. (low flat land)
80
City-State
A city with surrounding villages
81
Administrator
An administrator is a manager, or an organizer. Oversees Irrigation system in ancient cultures.
82
Artisan
A skilled worker who makes such goods by hand
83
Cities
Farmers grow extra food. The extra food increased the population and made many more settlements
84
Complex Religion
Elaborate ceremonies to make gods happy to avoid floods and increase harvest (Temples, rituals, many gods)
85
Job specialization
Artisans and craftsmen make specific items and do specific job
86
Social Classes
Due to specialized jobs, Lower - slaves, foreigners Middle - tradespeople Upper - warriors, kings, priests
87
Writing
Method to record words of spoken language
88
Art and Architecture
Expressed beliefs and values Show power of the king and community
89
Public Works
Carried out by governments for the community (ex - irrigation systems, walls, roads)
90
Fossil
The remains or imprints of once-living plants or animals

history (10 decks)

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