Bull Breeding Soundness and Disease

Question 1

Four parts of the soundness exam

Answer 1

Physical Exam

Min scrotal cicumference

Min motility 30%

Min normal morphology 70%

Question 2

When is test mating done

Answer 2

If a bull has a history of infertility/failure to breed

Question 3

What is this called

Answer 3

Persistent frenulum

Question 4

What sex glands does the bull have? Which are palpable?

Answer 4

Palpable:

Ampulla

Seminal Vesicle

Prostate

Not Palpable:

Bulbourethral

Question 5

What are numbers 6,7,8 and 9

Answer 5

6 - Ampulla

7 - Seminal Vesicle

8 - Prostate

9 - Urethralis muscle

Question 6

How is semen prepared for gross motility

Answer 6

Undiluted, warmed on slide on low power

Question 7

How is semen prepared for progressive motility assessment

Answer 7

Small amount diluted with saline, cover slip on 40X

Question 8

How is semen prepared to assess morphology

Answer 8

Stained with eosin-nigrosin, with oil 1000X

Question 9

If vesiculitis is suspected how should the semen be stained and what are you looking for

Answer 9

Diff-Quik to see WBC’s

Question 10

What is a primary sperm defect

Answer 10

Production Problem

originates in testis, usually involves head and middle piece

Question 11

What is a secondary sperm defect

Answer 11

Transit Defect

originates in epididymis

Question 12

What is a major sperm defect

Answer 12

Associated with infertility

Question 13

What is a minor sperm defect

Answer 13

Not associated with infertility

Question 14

What is a compensable defect

Answer 14

Morphological defect that can be compensated for by additional normal sperm

Ex: Bent tail

Additional normal sperm would increase chances of fertilization

Question 15

What is a non-compensable defect

Answer 15

Abnormality that will express a decrease in fertility

Compete with normal sperm so increasing number of normal sperm will not increase fertilization chances