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Building Technology > Building Technology Mod 2 > Flashcards

Building Technology Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hidden cramps of bronze to join blocks of stone

A

Greeks and Romans

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2
Q

Architects countered the thrust of masonry units with wrought iron chains and rods

A

Renaissance

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3
Q

First all metal structure; was built in late 18th century in England, stands across the Severn River

A

The iron bridge

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4
Q

Air is blown into a vessel of molten iron to burn out the impurities

A

Bessemer Furnace

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5
Q

excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce steel

A

Open hearth furnace

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6
Q

Ordinary structural steel; less than 1% of carbon

A

Mild steel

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7
Q

Contains 2-4% of carbon and greater quantities of impurities than steel

A

Cast iron

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8
Q

Contains even less carbon that most steel alloys.

A

Wrought iron

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9
Q

a hollow, water-cooled lance is lowered into a container of molten iron produced from ore along with recycled steel scrap. Stream of pure oxygen at very high pressure is blown from the lance into the metal to burn off the excess carbon and impurities.

A

Basic oxygen process

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10
Q

ASTM of Mild strutural steel

A

ASTM A36

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11
Q

Predominant type used in building frames

A

Mild structural steel

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12
Q

ASTM of high strength steel

A

ASTM A992

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13
Q

ASTM A992; Made from scrap (mini-mills) = economically produces high-strength types

A

High strength

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14
Q

ASTM of Low alloy steel

A

ASTM A572

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15
Q

ASTM A572; Made from scrap (mini-mills) = economically produces high-strength types

A

Low alloy steel

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16
Q

Standard wide flange structural shapes

A

ASTM A992

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17
Q

other common shapes such as angles, channels, plates and bars

A

ASTM A36

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18
Q

where very high strength components are needed

A

ASTM A572

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19
Q

cuts pieces of wide-flange stock from a continuous length that has just emerged from the finishing stand in the background. Workers in the booth control the process.

A

Hot saw

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20
Q

Are inspected for quality on the cooling beds; are used for beams and columns

A

Wide flange

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21
Q

Tall and narrow wide flange are used for

A

Beams

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22
Q

Squarish wide flange is used for

A

Columns

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23
Q

beginning with a letter designation for the shape, followed by one or more size, thickness, or weight designations

A

Standard nomenclature

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24
Q

Are the most economical because they require no advance preparation of the joint, but full penetration froove welds are stronger

A

Fillet welds

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25
Q

Survived due to their relative durability

A

Stone structures

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26
Q

Either consumed by fire or destroyed by wood consuming organisms

A

Wood structures

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27
Q

Steel is __ times heavier than ____

A

14; lumber

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28
Q

Compressive strength: Steel is __ times that of lumber

A

19

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29
Q

Strength to weight (density): Concrete is __ times heavier/bulkier than lumber

A

14

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30
Q

Strength to weight (compressive strength): concrete mixes is slightly ____ than that of lumber

A

Higher

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31
Q

What is a dead load?

A

Weight of the structure

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32
Q

What is the digestive system of the wood?

A

Sapwood

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33
Q

This part of the wood is decay resistant

A

Heartwood

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34
Q

Softwoods are

A

Coniferous trees
Non flower bearing
Evergreen (needle like leaf)

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35
Q

Hardwoods are

A

Fruit bearing trees
Heavier than softwood

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36
Q

Wood is weaker in shear ____ (_____) the grain than ____ the grain

A

Along (parallel); across

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37
Q

_____ cells can easily slip against each other

A

Individual

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38
Q

Logs to finish lumber

A

Transportation, Debarking, Sawing of debarked logs, Surfacing lumber

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39
Q

Three types of woodsaw

A

Plainsawn, Quarter sawn, Riftsawn

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40
Q

Plainsawn means the wood pattern is

A

Pahiga (idk unsa english)

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41
Q

Riftsawn means the pattern is

A

Diagonal

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42
Q

Quartersawn means the wood pattern is

A

Straight

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43
Q

The weight of the water in the wood as a percentage of the weight of the dry wood

A

Moisture content

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44
Q

Water stored within the cells leave first

A

Free water

45
Q

Water that remains after the evaporation of free water

A

Bound water

46
Q

Moisture condition of wood after the evaporation of free water; usually 30%

A

Fiber saturation point

47
Q

For wood used indoors or in dry outdoor climates

A

Dryer

48
Q

For wood used outdoors and in higher humidity or wetter climates

A

Moist

49
Q

Framing lumber is surfaced on its

A

Longitudinal faces

50
Q

Framing lumber is surfaced on its longitudinal faces, not on the end because the ends are usually

A

Resawn during constr

51
Q

S1S means

A

Surface on wide face only

52
Q

S2S means

A

Both wide faces are surfaced

53
Q

S4S means

A

Surfaced on all four faces

54
Q

The lumber that is used for structural framing is typically

A

S4S

55
Q

Places where branches joined the trunk of the tree

A

Knot

56
Q

Holes left by loose knots dropping out of the wood; decay and insect damage

A

Knotholes

57
Q

Lumber defects due to non uniform shrinkage:

A

Crooking, Bowing, Twisting, Cupping

58
Q

Lumber defects due to shrinkage stresses:

A

Splitting, Checking

59
Q

An irregular rounding of edges or faces that is caused by sawing pieces too close to the perimeter of the log

A

Wane

60
Q

The three traditional method of connecting wood members

A

mortise-and-tenon joint, housed mortise-and-tenon joint, and dovetail joint

61
Q

is generally made of low or medium carbon steel wire that is heat treated
to increase its stiffness

A

Nails

62
Q

Nails made in this way without any further treatment for corrosion are called

A

brite nails

63
Q

For increased holding power, nails are

A

phosphate or vinyl-coated

64
Q

Three basic parts of a nail

A

Head, Shank, Tip

65
Q

The length of common nails in the United States is specified by a ___ or abbreviated by as __

A

penny; d

66
Q

Most commonly used nail
sizes in wood frame construction are

A

6d, 8d, 10d and 16d

67
Q

Three types of nailed connections are used in wood frame construction

A

Face-nailed connection
End-nailed connection
Toe-nailed connection

68
Q

Most commonly used nail type for connecting wood frame members. Thick shank gives greater strength than box nail

A

common nail

69
Q

Used for attaching wood siding and shingles. Thin shank reduces wood splitting

A

box nail

70
Q

Tapered head that sinks into wood. ____ have a thin shank like box nails and are generally vinyl coated

A

sinker nail

71
Q

Double head for temporary nailing, used in scaffolding and concrete formwork.

A

duplex nail

72
Q

For wood trim, window frames, casing, and decks. Small head for countersinking

A

casing nail

73
Q

For finer carpentry and finishing. Small head for countersinking

A

finish nail

74
Q

For attaching floor sheathing and gypsum wallboard. _____ gives greater holding power

A

ring shank nail

75
Q

For attaching wood to masonry or concrete. High carbon steel gives this nail greater impact resistance

A

fluted shank nail

76
Q

Large head for attaching roof shingles

A

roofing nail

77
Q

Which of the nailed connections is the strongest

A

face nailing

78
Q

is a function of the nail’s orientation
with respect to the grain of wood in the holding member

A

withdrawal resistance

79
Q

in which the nails are parallel to the grain in the holding member, is the
weakest connection.

A

end nailing

80
Q

is stronger than end nailing, but it is used where access for end nailing is unavailable.

A

toe nailing

81
Q

A fourth type of connection, referred to as _______ is used in finished wood flooring.

A

blind nailing

82
Q

is a problem primarily in floor sheathing that is nailed to the joists. It occurs as the floor joists dry and shrink in size, which pulls them away from the sheathing

A

nail popping

83
Q

Although _____ have a much higher withdrawal resistance (holding power) than nails, they are not often used in structural wood framing because they take longer to install and are
more expensive than nails

A

screws

84
Q

Standard connectors are made of

A

galvanized steel

85
Q

are used in conventional wood
framing, such as the joints between a beam and floor joists, between rafters or trusses and the top plate, between studs and the bottom plate, and so on.

A

light gauge sheet steel connectors

86
Q

Light-gauge sheet steel connectors is generally __ to __ gauge

A

16 to 20

87
Q

are used in heavy wood framing, such as in joints between a post and a
beam, between two beams, between a post and the foundation, and so on.

A

heavy gauge sheet steel connectors

88
Q

Heavy-gauge sheet steel connectors is generally _ to __ gauge

A

7 to 12

89
Q

The most commonly used connector is a; it is used for connecting floor joists with a supporting beam

A

joist hanger

90
Q

are used to connect joists to a beam or header.

A

face mounted hanger

91
Q

are used where face mounting is
not possible, such as when connecting joists to a steel
beam

A

top mounted hanger

92
Q

classification of steel

A

based on steel’s application
based on steel strength
based on steel metallurgy

93
Q

(Application based classification) in this classifcation, steel may be classified as

A

Structural steel
Cold-formed steel
Reinforcing steel
Prestressing (posttensioning) steel

94
Q

They are also called hot-rolled sections and are primarily
used to form the structural frame of a steel building

A

structural steel

95
Q

Light trusses are referred to as

A

steel joists and steel joist girders

96
Q

are made from thin sheets of steel by bending sheets to various corrugated profiles at room temperature

A

cold formed steel

97
Q

Cold-formed steel is used in

A

roof and floor decks

98
Q

is in the form of deformed round bars (also called rebars ) that are used in
concrete slabs, beams, and columns.

A

reinforcing steel

99
Q

is used in precast concrete or post-tensioned concrete members
as a replacement for (or in conjunction with) reinforcing steel.

A

prestressing steel

100
Q

steel sheet is made from

A

low carbon steel

101
Q

most steel used in building construction is

A

carbon steel

102
Q

Structural steel I-sections may be classified into four shapes:

A
  • W-shapes
  • S-shapes
  • HP-shapes
  • M-shapes
103
Q

Metal scraps are called

A

slags

104
Q

Center of a trunk

A

Pith/Plith

105
Q

Process of removing the outer layer of tree bark

A

debarking

106
Q

lumber shrinks substantially _____ the grain

A

across

107
Q

actual size of lumber if it is 3x6

A

2 1/2 or 5 1/2

108
Q
A

Building Technology (2 decks)

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