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Book 29 > Building Construction > Flashcards

Building Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Roof Styles

A 
Gable
Hip
Flat
Bridge Truss
Arch
Sawtooth
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2
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Gable Roof
Conventional

A

“A” Frame configuration
Rafters: 2x6” or larger
16-24” on center; 36” for steep pitch
Ridge: 1x6” ridge board or none if 2x6” rafters butted together

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3
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Gable Roof
Lightweight

A

2x3” or 2x4” wood trusses held together by metal gusset plates
Top chord (compression), Bottom chord (tension), Webbing
18G, 3/8” penetration
Truss rafters 24” on center

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4
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Roof Truss Clips

A

Nailed to bottom chord (every 3-5 trusses) and top plate of interior walls.
Provide stability for interior partition walls

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5
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Hip Roof
Conventional

A

Ridge board, hip, valley, jack, and common rafters
Ridge 2x6” or larger
Rafters 16-24” on center
36” rough cut on older structures with steep pitched

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6
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Bridge Truss

A 
30s and 40s
Truss members 2x12"
Tie rods vertically for additional support
Rafters 2x6 or larger
1x6 sheathing
Plywood over existing if modified for EQ
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7
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Bowstring Arch

A 
30s, 40s, and 50s
small and large commercials
2x12 or 2x14" lumber
rafters 2x6"
sheathing 1x6"
plywood over existing if modified for EQ
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8
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Lamella Arch

A

Egg crate, geometric, or diamond patterned roof
2x12” wood framing with steel plates and bolts
sheathing 1x6”
supported by exterior buttresses or internal tie rods with turnbuckles

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9
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Lamella Arch
Hazards

A

Total roof collapse may occur if fire removes more than 20% of roof structure
Domino effect

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10
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Tied Truss Arch

A

Similar to bowstring and lamella
uses metal tie rods to offer lateral support for the walls
Tie rods 5/8” with turnbuckles ensure arches do not push exterior walls outward
Top chords =laminated 2x12” or larger
Rafters 2x10” or larger
1x6” sheathing
Plywood over existing if modified for EQ

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11
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Sawtooth

A

Commercial buildings to yield additional light and ventilation for manufacturing type occupancies
Rafters 2x8” or larger
wood and/or metal supports for bracing

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12
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Conventional Flat

A

Rafters 2x6” or larger laid across outside walls
Sheathing 1x6 or plywood (3/8 to 5/8”)
Comp

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13
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Wooden I Beam

A

Top(compression) and bottom(tension) parallel wooden chords connected by wooden stem
2x4” and 2x3” chords low grade of lumber
Stem 3/8” plywood or chip board
Connected by continuous glued-edge joint
Either top or bottom chord supported to wall
24” on center spacing

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14
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Nailing Block

A

Perpendicular to top chords
4’ apart
Provides additional nailing surface for 4x8’ plywood

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15
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Diaphragm Nailing

A

For nailing plywood
8’ crosses structural members
4’ parallel to structural members
staggered every 4’

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16
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Open Web Roof

A

Top and bottom parallel wooden chords cross connected by steel tube web members
Top chord is supported; bottom chord unsupported
Chords either laid on edge or flat
Steel tube web members 1-2” cold rolled steel with ends pressed flat into a semicircular shape with hole punched through end
Flat ends inserted into slots in the chords and up to 1” steel pins driven through
Spans of 70’ of 2x3s and 2x4s by joining different lengths in glued, mitered “finger joints”

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17
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Metal Gusset Plate

A

18G steel plates with prongs 3/8” penetration

1/2” plywood; Dwellings 3/8” or 1/2”

18
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Pannelized

A

Beams (laminated or metal) 6x36; 12-40’; up to 100’ length
Purlins 2x12” 8’
joists 2x4 2’
1/2” plywood decking

19
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Open Web Bar Joist

A

Top and bottom chords 1/8” steel and web supports solid 5/8” steel bar
Larger buildings may have bar joists as girders spaced up to 45’
Joists 8’ apart
Corrugated metal decking covered by alternating layers of tar and tar paper

20
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Steel

A

Loses strength at 1000 deg F

expands, twists and fails

21
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Lightweight Concrete Roof

A

Non Structural
Steel or wood sub-structure is covered by Corrugated Metal (Robertson decking)
Air entrained mixture of SAND, CEMENT, and occasionally PEA GRAVEL is pumped on top of corrugated metal decking
4x4” or 6x6” wire mesh 3-4” thick
Comp material makes up final layer
Insulative (near airports, freeways, etc)
Diamond blade or Carbide tipped wood blade

22
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Metal Construction Methods
CORRUGATED

A

Sub structure of wood or steel, covered with corrugated steel, aluminum or fiberglass
Quickly fail

23
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Metal Construction Methods
METAL BEAM

A

Sub structure of steel beams, usually coated with sprayed on fire retardant material
Skeleton is finished with exterior of concrete, masonry, glass or similar materials
2 stories to tallest high rise (modern high rise and multi story office buildings)

24
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Metal Construction Methods
METAL BEAM
HAZARDS

A

Vertical extension of fire and smoke to upper floors
Falling panels of glass or other building materials
Brick veneer
Metal beams expand 9”/100’ =push out walls

25
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Concrete Construction Methods
TILT UP

A

Concrete slabs that have been “tilted up” to form exterior walls
Up to 5 stories in height

26
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Concrete Construction Methods
TILT UP
HAZARDS

A

Lightweight construction for interior walls
Lightweight roof
Often has facade

27
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
BRICK PRE 33

A

UNREINFORCED MASONRY

  1. SAND and LIME mortar
  2. Lack of steel reinforcing rods
  3. 13” thick brick exterior walls
  4. Parapet walls around perimeter. 3’ above roof line; 5’ or more if used as facade on front
  5. “LET” floor and roof joists inside of exterior walls
  6. Straight roof sheathing
  7. “FIRE CUT” roof and floor joists
28
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
BRICK POST 33

A

LB EQ 1933

  1. Exterior walls at least 9” thick
  2. Masonry walls reinforced with “REBAR”
  3. ALL joists and rafters anchored to exterior walls usually with ledger board with metal hangers
  4. Cement in mortar
  5. DIAGONAL sheathing
29
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
BRICK POST 59

A

Tehachapi

  1. 4-6” CONCRETE BOND BEAM cap on top of parapet walls along public ways and exits
  2. Parapet walls less than 16” including bond beam cap
  3. “rafter tie plates”
30
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Rafter Tie Plates

A
  • exterior walls drilled at roof rafter level and steel anchor bar/rod installed every 4’ and attached to existing roof rafter
  • fire cut became ineffective
  • steel anchor bar/rods secured to exterior of building by plate/nut combination
31
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
BRICK POST 71

A

Sylmar
EARTHQUAKE ORDINANCE
1. Anchoring walls to floor and roof systems
2. Strengthening roof construction (plywood, metal straps)

32
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
Unreinforced Masonry Windows

A

Deeply recessed window frames
“set” to inside of wall
exposes about 8” of brick return on exterior of building
arched or straight lintels

33
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
Kings Row

A

every 4-7 rows

one row will be laid “on end”

34
Q

Book 29 Building Construction
Masonry Construction Methods
Earthquake Ordinace

A
  1. add steel bracing from parapet walls to roof structural members
  2. Metal straps across the width of the roof and attached to opposing walls
    (usually 1/3 of the length of the building back from the front and rear walls
  3. remove layers of comp and cover sheathing with 1/2” plywood, then covered with comp
35
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Primary danger from collapse?

A

Front and rear walls

36
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Metal straps across the width of the building are how many feet from walls?

A

3-4’

37
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Bungalow and Balloon construction were built when?

A

20s, 30s, 40s

38
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Bungalow and Balloon frame construction were utilized how?

A

Single family dwellings

Multi story habitational occupancies UP TO 4 Stories

39
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Curtain construction can be about ___ faster than conventional construction?

A

60%

40
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

Pre 33 Characteristics

A

URM
Wood shiplap exterior, ballloon and bungalow construction with knob and tube wiring
Straight or diagonal roof sheathing

41
Q

Book 29 Building Construction

33-50s Characteristics

A

Solid construction and compliant with building codes

Straight or diagonal sheathing

Book 29 (3 decks)

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