Building Construction Flashcards
Topics of construction
Building types
Functionality
Size
Architectural style
Type I construction
Fire resistant- steel and concrete
Design to maintain fire on 1 floor
Multi-storied with multiple exits (high-rise)
Type II construction
Noncombustible (roof or covering)
Warehouses, arenas, newer churches
Type III construction
Ordinary- wood frame interior, masonry
“Old Main Street” buildings- brick outside, wood inside, flat roofs
Type IV construction
Heavy timber- brick outside, wood inside
Built with 6-8 inch thick wood
Mills, warehouses, older churches (too expensive to build now)
Type V construction
Wood frame
Modern buildings- residential homes, multi-family apartments, hotels
Types of construction
Type I- fire resistant Type II- noncombustible Type III- ordinary construction Type IV- heavy timber Type V- wood frame
Building elements
Foundation
Slab
Crawlspace
Basement
Foundation
Most important part of construction; holds up the rest of the structure
Slab
Formed by concrete and footings sunk in the earth (soil bed)
Basement
Combination of the other elements (slab, foundation, crawlspace)
Purposes of the foundation
Anchors building to the ground
Carries the load of walls/ceiling
Keeps moisture and infestation out
Interior parts of framing
Girder- beam holds load bearing Joist- floors Rafter- roof framing Sill- plate attaches to exterior Stud- vertical framing
Purpose of framing
Carries weight from roof to floor
Aesthetics- shapes the house
Insulation
Parts of exterior framing
Siding
Sheathing
Siding
Brick veneer Concrete Vinyl siding Stucco Wood siding Prefabricated metal
Sheathing
Nailed to the studs to support siding; provides moisture barrier and insulation
Roofing designs
Gable- triangular
Hip- enclosed
Flat
Roofing materials
Asphalt shingles Metal Cedar shakes Tar and gravel Slate
Purpose of roofing
Keeps out elements- rain
Aesthetics- color/design
Place to put insulation (ceiling)
Ventilation and methods
A building must breathe, needs moisture to be let outside
- Attic fans and vents, hood in kitchen, ridge vents, peepholes in walls, crawl space vents
- Prevents mold, paint peeling, rotting wood
Ridge vent
White pipes from kitchen and bathroom
Construction terms
Plans- blueprints, electric
Specifications- materials list
General contractor- builder
Subcontractor- carpenters
Gross living area (GLA)
Square footage of heated and cooled area above grade/ground
- Breaks out basement
- Most used for price/sq. foot
Gross building area (GBA)
All square footage under the roof
-Porches, garages, basements
Gross leasable area (GLA)
Portion of gross living area that you can actually lease out
-Doesn’t include common areas
