Building Construction Flashcards
It is a structure consisting of a framework of reinforced concrete column, or steel or timber stanchions (columns),
rafters, and bracings.
Simple frame
It is a joint between rafter and stanchion in a portal frame at the eave.
Knee haunch
It is a horizontal wall secondary member that is secured to columns and supports the wall covering.
Girt
It is a structural component for a roof system to carry roof loads parallel to the slope direction.
Sag rod
It is a single-span frame of stanchions and rafters, strengthened with knee and apex braces, and by beams and bracing
between the frames. It is used for any house for a wide unrestricted span, or for maximum flexibility of use.
Portal Frame
It is the distance between the underside of the rafter where it meets the outer stanchion and the internal floor of the
building.
Eave’s height
It refers to the clear distance between two free-standing stanchions comprising a single bay frame of a steel frame
building.
Span
It is a temporary boarding, sheathing or pan used to produce the desired shape of a concrete.
Forms
The part of a roof truss that support directly the purlins
Top chord
A temporary structure providing platforms for workers to stand while erecting or repairing a building.
Scaffolding
It is used as an alternative to using formworks in constructing floor slabs.
Steel decks
Which of the following are materials commonly used for roofing?
Aluminum
Cement asbestos
Long span pre-painted steel
Corrugated galvanized iron
The standard width of a corrugated GI sheets.
0.81 m
The recommended overlapping of corrugated GI sheet roof between ends for steep roof slope.
0.25 m
The recommended overlapping of corrugated GI sheet roof between ends for moderate roof slope.
0.30 m
The recommended overlapping of corrugated GI sheet roof between ends.
25 to 30 cm
The recommended overlapping of corrugated GI sheet roof between sides.
1-1/2 to 2-1/2 corrugtations
A screw commonly used in the construction of roofs.
Tek screw
It is a roofing accessory that is used to carry and divert the water from the roof into a specific location.
Gutter
It is a roofing accessory that is used to cover the roofing joints to prevent intrusion of water into the building.
Valley roll
Flashing
Ridge roll
It is a structural member where the metal roofing sheet is fixed
Purlins
It is a wall classification that only acts as a wall cover.
Non-load bearing
There are __________ concrete hollow blocks per square meter of wall area.
13 CHB = 12.5
For the vertical reinforcements for wall, it is usually _________ in construction.
Cut in shorter lengths
Reinforcements for wall are composed of __________.
Vertical bars
Horizontal bars
What is the mixing proportion of a class AA concrete?
1 : 1.5 : 3
Cement is commonly bought in terms of?
Bags
Sand is commonly bought in terms of?
Cubic meter
One bag of cement is approximately equal to __________.
One cubic foot
What is the approximate time for concrete forms before they are safely removed?
7 to 14 days
It is a construction equipment used for mixing cement, aggregates, and water in a rotating bin.
Bagger mixer
It is a construction equipment used for compacting the soil
Plate compactor
Otherwise known as the National Building Code of the Philippines
Presidential Decree No. 1096
Agricultural buildings is classified in ________ in the National Building Code?
Group J
This is the office authorized to enforce the provisions of the National Building Code and its IRR in the field as well as
the enforcement of orders and decisions made pursuant thereto.
Office of the Building Official (OBO)
A document issued by the Building Official to an owner/applicant to proceed with the construction, installation, addition,
alteration, renovation, conversion, repair, moving, demolition or other work activity of a specific
project/buildings/structure or portions thereof after accompanying principal plans, specifications and other pertinent
documents with the duly notarized application are found satisfactory and substantially conforming with the National
Building Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Building Permit
Which of the following is true?
a. Building permit is required for buildings that are to be constructed
c. Building permit is required for buildings that are to be demolished
b. Building permit is required for buildings that are to be altered, repaired
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Building permits should be obtained from __________.
Building Officials
The building permit has _____ validity if construction work is not commenced from the date of such permit.
1 year
After securing a building permit, initial construction of the structure was done. Then suddenly the construction activity
was put to stop due to some unexpected reasons. How many days will be the validity of such Building Permit in order
to resume construction work without obtaining new permit?
120 days
The applicable provisions of the various agencies and technical professional codes that are supplementary to the
National Building Code of the Philippines.
Referral Code
Types of ancillary permits in building permit application.
Mechanical Permit
Sanitary Permit
Electrical Permit
Electronics Permit
The required number of sets of building plans, specifications and other documents prepared during application for
building permit
5
It is a set of documents required in building permit application tabulating the detail list, quantity and cost of materials.
Bill of materials
It is a written technical description of materials, equipment, construction systems, standards, and workmanship in
conjunction with the drawing that details the requirement for acceptable completion or work.
Specification
It is a test report required to determine the soil bearing capacity.
Geotechnical report
It is a document for building permit that is about the zoning of the buildings.
Location clearance
Which of the following documents are not required for one-storey buildings?
Structural analysis
It is a drawing view in a building plan that shows for if there are changes in the elevation inside the building.
Which of the following statement is not true?
a. The drawing plan shows the dimensions and locations of various structural members
c. The drawing plan shows the electrical schedule for branch circuits and wire sizes
b. The drawing plan specifies the type of concrete to be used for a structural member.
d. The drawing plan may or may not include the plumbing layout depending upon the requirement.
b. The drawing plan specifies the type of concrete to be used for a structural member.
What is the designated letter used for agricultural sheets in building plans?
It is a part of a building plan showing the positioning of electrical outlets and its branch circuitry.
Lighting layout or Power layout
Structural analysis are required for structures exceeding __________ storey building?
1
NSCP stands for ________.
National Structural Code of the Philippines
In the Philippines, the organization that sets the structural code?
The lighting requirement for e.g. broiler housing may be found in __________.
Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards
Broiler Equipment Manufacturer’s Catalog
The spacing requirements for e.g. swine housing are obtained from ________.
As an agricultural engineer, upon signing the building plans, which of the following must be included?
Professional license number
Professional tax receipt number
Duration of its validity
It refers to all on-site work done in the site preparation, excavation, foundation, assembly of all the components and
installations of utilities, machineries and equipment of buildings or structures.
Construction
It is the systematic dismantling or destruction of a building or structure in whole or in part?
Demolition
It refers to any physical change made in buildings or structures to increase the value, quality, and/or to improve the
aesthetics.
Renovation
It is the remedial work done on any damaged or deteriorated portion/s of building/structure to restore to its original
condition.
Repair
It is a portion of the drawing plan indicating the extent of property lines and location of existing buildings within the site
from which the proposed building is to be constructed.
Site development plan
The recommended orientation of a swine house to obtain proper sunlight, wind flow and temperature.
East-west direction
The floor of a swine housing should have a 2 to 4% slope towards a __________
Gutter
Away from the feeding trough
Drainage canal
Heaters shall be installed in ___________ areas to provide the required temperature of 27°C – 35°C
Creep
Pens for boar should be located __________ to dry sow.
Close
A male breeding pig which is at least 8 months old.
Boar
An area in which a sow is confined during farrowing and lactation period and are freely to turn around.
Farrowing pen
It is the act of separating the pigs and the sow
Weaning
An unbred sow which has just been weaned or a non-pregnant sow.
Dry sow
A device in which a sow is confined during farrowing and lactation periods and which prevents sow from turning around.
Farrowing stall
An unbred female pig at least 8 months old
Gilt
Concrete slats shall be used preferably for swine over ______.
30 kg
Heaters shall be installed in ___________ areas to provide the required temperature of 27°C – 35°C
Creep
Ceiling height for swine housing shall be at least _____ high.
2.4m
In partially slotted floors, the slats shall be placed _______ to the long dimensions of pens.
perpendicular
In totally slotted floors, the slats shall be placed _______ to the sow.
parallel
The space required for feeds for swine housing should be based on _____ supply of feeds
14 days
What is the minimum height required for the cardboard, or metal sheeting to cover the brooding the area?
450 mm
It is a material placed around the brooder stoves to prevent the chicks from staying too far away from the heat supply
until they learn the source of heat
Brooder guard
What is the recommended ceiling height for a broiler housing?
2.4 m
The entrance doors of a housing for broiler production shall be at least ________ wide.
0.9 m
The entrance doors of a housing for broiler production shall be at least ________ high.
2 m
The floor of broiler housing shall be elevated at least _____m from the ground.
0.9m
The minimum post diameter for broiler housing as specified in PAES 402
200mm
The minimum aisles and walkways between doors walls for a broiler housing shall be at least ______ wide
1m
If a mechanical ventilation is necessary for a poultry building, it should be installed on the __________ side to the
prevailing winds.
opposite
In a broiler housing, waterers should be spaced uniformly throughout the house. No bird shall have to go over ___ to
drink water.
3m
As the bird grow in a broiler housing, feeders shall be raised to maintain the feed level at _______.
the same height as the back of the chicken
The minimum depth of litter material over the cemented floor in a litter-type floor broiler housing.
50 to 100mm
What is the recommended size of the galvanized welded mesh for the slatted flooring of a goat and sheep housing?
5 mm x 20mm spacing
What is the distance of the slatted floor of a goat and sheep housing from the ground?
1.0 m
For shed type sheep and goat housing, the height of the front eave shall be at least 2m and the height of the rear eave
shall be _____.
At least 1.5m
A mature male goat
buck
A mature female sheep that has already lambed
ewe
A slaughterhouse with required facilities and operational procedures to serve any market
AAA
NMIS stands for __________.
National Meat Inspection Service
It is a place in the slaughterhouse to supply hot water with temperature of 80 C and is equipped with heating facilities.
Boiler Room
The meat requiring further examination as declared by a veterinary inspector
Detained meat
The dipping of animals in a steam to ready their skin for dehairing
Scalding
A slaughterhouse has a throughput of 30 swine per day. What is the recommended dimensions?
8 x 5 m
The slaughterhouse shall be elevated to at least ____________ above the adjacent ground.
600 mm
What is the recommended thickness of the floor slab of a slaughterhouse?
150 mm
The rebar in a flooring of a slaughterhouse shall be spaced __________ both ways.
200 mm
What is the recommended size of reinforcement bar to be used in the flooring for a slaughterhouse?
10 mm
Anaerobic bacteria that act upon organic materials and in the process, produce biogas
Methanogens
The gas composition of biogas
60% CH4 and 40%CO2
Organic material used to produce biogas
Substrate
How many layer/s of plasters is applied to the concrete wall of a large biogas digester?
3
What is the recommended minimum diameter of reinforcement for a reinforced digester?
10 mm
The recommended bar spacing for reinforced digester.
0.15m along curve and the horizontal bars
As an AB engineer, what pipe material should you recommend for the exposed gas outlet pipe of a biogas digester
located in a site with high intensity of sunlight?
GI pipes
It is a device along the gas line of a biogas plant designed to stop the propagation of flame.
Flame arrester
The PD1152 is otherwise known as _______.
Environmental Code on Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal
A classification of manure with at least 20% solids
Solid
Residue remaining after water is removed from waste material by evaporation.
Total Solids
A part of total solids driven off as volatile gases when heated to 600C.
Volatile Solids
That part of total solids remaining after volatile gases driven off at 600C.
Fixed solids
A part of total solids removed by a filtration procedure.
Suspended solids
Quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 20C
BOD5
Type of waste collection system recommended for swine buildings according to PAES 414-1:2002?
Gravity drain systems
The recommended width of scrape alley for dairy and beef cattle according to PAES 414-1:2002?
2.5 to 4m
The recommended width of scrape alley for swine and poultry according to PAES 414-1:2002?
1 to 3m
The specified minimum depth of sludge volume in a storage tank according to PAES 414-1:2002?
0.3m
It is defined as the liquid that flows into a containing space
Influent
A precipitate resulting from coagulation or sedimentation of liquid waste.
Sludge
The minimum freeboard depth of a storage pond as specified in PAES.
0.3m
A type of treatment lagoon designed to include treatment volume
Anaerobic lagoons
A type of treatment lagoon designed on the basis of volatile solids
Anaerobic lagoons
A type of treatment lagoon designed on the basis of BOD5.
Aerobic lagoons
A type of treatment lagoon designed on the basis of surface treatment area.
Aerobic lagoons
A type of lagoon that can function as aerobic or anaerobic depending on the environment.
Facultative
The design volume of aerobic lagoon also includes sludge volume.
True
Which of the following should the foundation and footings of a greenhouse shall be able to resist?
Uplift
What is the minimum depth for the foundations of a permanent greenhouses?
0.45 m
The length of the greenhouse should not exceed __________.
50 m
The framing of a greenhouse shall be able to withstand maximum wind gusts of _____.
250 km/hr
It is a material that is the most economical for constructing the greenhouse frames.
Aluminum
The covering of a greenhouse should be durable as well as economical and should withstand heavy loads like wind
gusts of ________.
150 km/hr
The roof pitch for a glass greenhouse should be ______ to prevent inside condensation from dripping on plants
51 %
What is the maximum spacing required for uniform ventilation for the fans in a greenhouse structure?
7.5 m
Fans should be located on the __________ side of the greenhouse building?
Downwind
It is a condition that describes the freedom of plant materials, culture medium, confines of the culture vessel from
contaminating microorganisms?
asepsis
It is subjecting of cultures to conditions favorable to the growth of the plant tissue?
incubation
Wooden frames used on concrete floors for stacking bags to prevent direct contact between the grains and the floor.
Pallet
Dunnage
Tarima
The recommended size of concrete hollow blocks for the wall of bagged storage warehouse.
6”
The recommended size of reinforcing bar for the wall of bagged storage warehouse.
12mm
What is the recommended spacing of the reinforcing bar for the wall of a bagged storage warehouse?
600 mm on center, both ways
The height of the stacks in a bagged storage warehouse shall not exceed the height of the walls and a space of at
least _________ shall be allowed between the tops of the stacks and roof frames.
1 m
What is the specified standard pallet size
152 cm x 61 cm
It is a recommend stacking method for bagged grains with 14% moisture content and lower
Chinese method
It is a recommend stacking method for bagged grains with more than 14% moisture content
Japanese method
Sacks made of woven polypropelene shall not be stacked more than _________ high.
3 m
A granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, crushed and uncrushed stone or lightweight
materials.
Aggregates
The suitable material used to replace other materials removed during construction
Backfill
The layer of aggregate, soil-treated aggregate, treated soil, or soil aggregate that rests upon the subbase or if no
subbase, upon the sub-grade
Base course
A space intended to employ traffic consideration for the transport of agricultural products
Roadway
The part of the roadway next to the travel way providing lateral support of base and surface courses used as
emergency stopping area for the vehicles.
Road shoulder
A road side ditch is located at __________.
The edge of the roadway
Which of the following is a mandatory requirement in locating a farm-to-market road?
The FMR shall conform to the land use plan of the area.
The FMR shall service to mobilize agricultural products/produce from the production area to the nearest existing roadway system.
The FMR shall link or be located in the key production areas of valuable crops and fisheries.
A road used as farm-to-market road
Earth road
Bituminous Road
Gravel road
Concrete road
The typical width of farm-to-market road for a one-lane roadway
2 m
Which of the following cross section of the road side ditch not specified in the PAES
In designing farm-to-market roads, what is the recommended minimum radius design for curvature for flat terrain?
500 m
In designing farm-to-market roads, what is the recommended minimum radius design for curvature for rolling terrain?
150 m
The poultry dressing plant shall be located in area with at least _____ distance to dwellings, schools, churches and
other public or commercial buildings.
200 m
For wall and ceiling surfaces of a poultry dressing/slaughtering plant, it should be ____.
Preferably not painted
In PAES 422-1, pipelines carrying potable water is color coded _____.
Blue
The ceiling height for a small scale poultry dressing / slaughtering plant should be at least ______.
2.4 m
The ceiling height for a large scale poultry dressing / slaughtering plant should be at least ______.
3 m
It is a unit consisting of upright containers used for storage and handling of grains in bulk and provided with necessary
equipment and accessories
Silo
The height of the vertical-walled segment of silo.
Eave height
In bin and silo design, it is referred to as the ratio of the equivalent height to the diameter.
Slenderness
h/D ratio
Aspect ratio
A rectangular bin/silo having a dimension of 6m x 3m x 10m (L x W x H) is classified as ______ based on PAES.
Slender
The wall of a silo shall be _____
Corrosion resistant and not painted
184.It is the angle of the material when the grains held starts to move.
It is the angle of the material when the grains held starts to move.
Angle of friction
It is a board where the flow of grains at different points of the system at any time will be reflected
Mimic board
The equation used in solving the static vertical pressure in bins and silos.
Janssen Equation
Which of the following is a unit of a force?
Pa-m2
Newton
Kips
When the force acts at a distance perpendicular to a reference point it creates _____.
Rotational effect
Torque
Moment
Which of the following can be best described as linearly distributed loads?
Purlins on the top chord or trusses
Which of the following can be best described as surface distributed loads?
Wind loads on buildings
Live loads of occupants
Dead load of floor slabs
It is a structural element that transmits forces from one member to another
Supports and joints
It is a type of structural support that does not allow rotation as well as translation.
Fixed support
It is a type of structural support that does not allow translation in both axis but allows rotation.
Pin support
It is a type of structural support that does not allow translation in one axis only but allows rotation.
Roller support
The use of internal hinge ________
Reduces the degree of static indeterminacy
When a truss is loaded at the member and at the joints, the member will experience __________
Axial loading and Flexural loadings
In analyzing or designing a truss, the joints of a truss are assumed to be __________.
Internal hinge
The degree of freedom for fixed support is __________.
A structure composed of individual members joined together where all loads are assumed to act only at the joints.
Truss
The deflection of a beam is ______.
Directly proportional to the load and inversely proportional the moment of inertia
Directly proportional to the load but inversely proportional to the modulus of elasticity
Inversely proportion to the moment of inertia but directly prortional to the length
It relates the displacement of the structure so that its various parts fit together
Compatibility conditions
A beam fixed on one end, and roller support on the other end, and another roller support along the midspan is ______?
Which of the following statement is true?
a. Statically determinate structures are more stable (or rigid) than indeterminate structures
c. Determinate structures have no problems when there’s support settlements
b. The deflection (or deformation) of determinate structures is greater than indeterminate structures because of smaller
stresses.
Determinate structures have no problems when there’s support settlements
Statically indeterminate beams and frames can be solved by methods listed below except _________.
Slope-deflection method
Virtual work method
Moment distribution method
Virtual work method
It is the minimum number of independent displacement quantity that you require to know before you can define the
displaced geometry of the structure.
Kinematic determinacy
It is the intensity of the internal force distribution in the material.
Stress
In mechanics of materials, strain is _____.
A dimensionless quantity
Can be expressed in percentage
Can be expressed in mm/mm
For ductile and linearly elastic material, stress is directly proportional to strain ______.
Below or at the yield point only
It is a region in a stress-strain curve whereby the stress is linearly proportional to strain
Elastic region
It is a region in a stress-strain curve for ductile materials whereby the stress is no longer linearly proportional to strain
Plastic region
It is a type of stress where the load is perpendicular to the cross sectional area.
Axial stress
It is a type of stress where the load is parallel to the cross sectional area.
Shear stress
It is a type of loading where the axis of rotation is along the longitudinal axis.
Torsion
It is a type of loading where the axis of rotation is orthogonal to the plane.
Moment
The live loads for swine housing are obtained from __________.
a. PAES Volume 4
c. Two of the above
b. NSCP Volume 1
d. None of the above
None of the above
These are loads that are distributed or concentrated and are fixed in position throughout the lifetime of the structure.
Dead load
Which of the following is/are considered a lateral load?
a. Dead load
c. Rain load
b. Live load
d. None of the above
None of the above
These are loads that are distributed or concentrated and are fixed in position throughout the lifetime of the structure.
Environmental load
Which of the following does not affect the wind load effect for a building?
a. Building height
b. Topography
c. Wind direction
d. Wind speed
None of the above
Flood loads includes __________.
Hydrostatic loads
Wave loads
Hydrodynamic loads
Impact loads
It accounts for the ponding of water that accumulates in the roof.
Rain Load
It is a force or other action that results from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions,
environmental effects, differential movement, or restrained dimensional changes.
Load
All of the following load/s is applicable for the design of manure storage tank except?
Live loads
The meaning of LRFD in structural design?
Load and Resistance Factor Design
The meaning of In structural design, what does ASD mean?
Allowable Strength Design
It is a method of proportioning structural components such that the design strength equals or exceeds the required
strength of the component based on statistical approach.
Load and Resistance Factor Design
It is a factor that accounts for deviations of the nominal load from the actual load, for uncertainties in the analysis that
transforms the load into a load effect and for the probability that more than one extreme load will occur simultaneously
Load factor
It is a method of proportioning structural components such that the allowable strength equals or exceeds the required
strength of the component based on traditional approach.
Allowable Strength Design
In LRFD design philosophy, the factored resistance is ___________ the factored loads
Equal or greater than
Which of the following does the strength reduction factors accounts for:
Uncertainties in material strength
Variations in placement of reinforcements
Variations in dimensions
Which of the following is a live load in a bagged storage warehouse? Bagged products laborers Pallets All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is not a dead load in a tunnel ventilated poultry housing building? The weight of the floor plastic crates the weight of the floor slab The weight of the partition walls None of the above
None of the above
It is a stone-like material obtained by proportioning mixture of cement, sand, and gravel or other aggregate, and water
to harden in forms of the shape and dimensions of the desired structure.
Concrete
It is a structural material where the steel is imbedded in the concrete under high tension that is held in equilibrium by
compressive stresses in the concrete after hardening.
Prestressed concrete
It is a structural material where the steel is used to enhance the structure’s ability to resist tensile forces.
Reinforced concrete
The role of the steel reinforcement in the concrete is ________?
to carry the tensile load
To increase the capacity
To provide additional strength when used in compression
Which of the following is not true?
The tensile strength of concrete affects the shear strength and torsional strength
The tensile strength of concrete is approximately 8 to 12% of its compression strength.
The tensile strength has significant impact on deflections
None of the above
How many days will a general purpose cement reach its required strength?
28 days
All concrete regardless of their stress capacity reaches their ultimate strength at a strain of about __________.
0.002
It is a type of concrete test where the fresh concrete is placed inside a conical mold to determine its consistency.
Slump test
Among the slump test results, which result is desirable?
True slump
What is the standard size of the test specimen for compression test?
150 mm dia X 300 mm
What test should be used to determine the tensile strength of concrete?
Split cylinder test
Water to be used for making concrete should be __________.
Potable water
As water is added in a concrete mix, the strength of concrete __________.
Decreases
They are substances added to concrete just before or during mixing to improve the performance of concrete in certain
situations.
Admixtures
What does ACI mean?
American Concrete Institute
Which of the following reinforcing steel can be used for reinforced concrete?
Reinforcing bars
Welded wire fabric
It is the distance from the nearest surface of concrete to the surface of the reinforcing steel
Concrete cover
What is the recommended minimum concrete cover for a floor beam on grade of a poultry housing?
40 mm
What is the recommended minimum concrete cover for a roof beam of a swine housing?
40 mm
It is a part of an RC beam designed for resisting flexural loads.
Concrete and Main reinforcing steel
It is a part of a singly reinforced RC beam designed to carry the tensile stresses
Main reinforcing steel
It is a part of a singly reinforced RC beam designed to resist the compressive stresses
Concrete
It is a part of a singly reinforced RC beam where the stirrups are anchored.
Hanger bars
In a cantilever reinforced concrete beam under uniform loading, the steel reinforcement is placed at the ___________.
Top
It is a beam where only the tension zone has reinforcement.
Singly reinforced beam
It is a beam wherein both the tension and the compression zone has reinforcement.
Doubly reinforced beam
It is a ratio of the area of steel over the area of concrete
Reinforcement ratio
It is a term used for beam where under flexural loads, concrete will fail first before steel reinforcement will yield.
Over reinforced beam
It is a term used for beam sections where under flexural loads, steel reinforcement will yield first before concrete will
fail.
Under reinforced beam
It is a term used for beam sections where under flexural loads, steel reinforcement will yield the same time concrete
will fail.
Balanced section
It is the bar that accounts for the positive or negative moment in the fixed-fixed beam.
Extra bars
Cut bars
Short bars
For continuous interior beams, the cut bars __________
Extends through the column
For a non-continuous beam, the short bar __________.
Terminates at the column
The depth of the beam is the distance from the top of the beam to the __________.
Centroid of the reinforcing steel
The concrete cover of the beam refers to __________
From the outer edge of concrete to the
surface of the reinforcing steel
It is a part of an RC beam designed for resisting shear loads.
Concrete and stirrups
Shear failure is a ductile failure having no sufficient warning.
False
Which of the following shapes can be used for the stirrups?
L-shape
rectangular
U-shape
In a simply supported reinforced concrete beam under uniform loading throughout its length, the location where the
stirrups are narrowly spaced is at __________.
Support
In a simply supported reinforced concrete beam under uniform loading throughout its length, the position where the
stirrups are widely spaced is at __________.
Midspan
Commonly used for fixing the stirrups onto the longitudinal bars and hanger bars?
Tie wires
It is the steel added in a one-way slab perpendicular to the main reinforcement.
Temperature bars
Distribution steel
Shrinkage reinforcement
Heavy equipment such as generators with engines are constructed with foundations so that it will not transmit its
stresses to the slab-on-ground. Which of the following joints should be used?
Isolation joints
Concrete slabs may be designed without reinforcing steel bars?
True
It is defined as that length of embedment necessary to develop the full tensile strength of the bar.
Development length
What can be done if the required development length is restricted by the details of constructions?
Bend the bars
Which of the following hooks is not common in practice?
135 degrees hook
What should be done if the bar length is not enough for a given beam span?
Splice the bar and continue until required
length.
Splicing methods
Lap splices
Use of mechanical connectors
Welded splices
It is a part of a reinforced concrete column for resisting the axial loads
Concrete and steel reinforcements
Which of the following is not correct regarding reinforced concrete columns?
Ties provides lateral restraints
Ties are stronger than spiral
Ties are less ductile as compared to spirals
Ties are effective in increasing the column strength
Ties are stronger than spiral
What is the purpose of a lateral ties in a reinforced concrete column?
To increase column strength
To prevent buckling of longitudinal bars
To hold the longitudinal bars during construction
The area of steel reinforcement (As) in a reinforced concrete column shall be ___________ of the gross area of
concrete.
0.01 < As < 0.08
Why should the maximum percentage of steel reinforcement may not be greater than 8% of the gross cross-sectional
area of the column?
To prevent overcrowding of the bar
To reduce difficulty of placing the steel into the forms and still get the concrete into the forms and around the bars.
To prevent having honeycomb in the concrete
