Building Blocks of Cells

Question 1

Define building blocks
A. The basic molecules joint by covalent bonds that constitute to making macromolecules.
B. The basic molecules that constitute to making carbohydrates
C. The basic molecules joint by covalent bonds that make up sugars in our body

Answer 1

A. The basic molecules joint by covalent bonds that constitute to making macromolecules.

Question 2

Define macromolecules
A. The basic molecules joint by covalent bonds that constitute to making building blocks
B. The structure you get when you combine the individual building blocks together.
C. Any molecule that is produced by a living organism

Answer 2

B. The structure you get when you combine the individual building blocks together. Each macromolecule has its own structure and role within the body.

Question 3

What is the function of macromolecules
A. Protein, nutrients, cell recognition, stability
B. Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Fatty acids
C. Energy storage, structure, maintaining genetic information, insulation, cell recognition

Answer 3

C. Energy storage, structure, maintaining genetic information, insulation, cell recognition.

Question 4

What is a biomolecule
A. One singular molecule that is produced by a living organism
B. Any molecule that is produced by a living organism
C. A group of molecules that are produced by living organisms

Answer 4

B. ANY molecule that is produced by a living organism

Question 5

What do building blocks consist of
A. Amino acids, nucleobases, simple carbohydrates, glycerol/fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings
B. Amino acids, glycerol/fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings
C. Amino acids, nucleobases, complex carbohydrates, glycerol/fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings

Answer 5

A. Amino acids, nucleobases, simple carbohydrates, glycerol/fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings

Question 6

What do macromolecules consist of
A. Proteins, DNA, mRNA, complex carbohydrates
B. C. Proteins, simple carbohydrates, lipids
C. Proteins, DNA, RNA, complex carbohydrates, lipids

Answer 6

C. Proteins, DNA, RNA, complex carbohydrates, lipids

Question 7

What are the four major types of Macromolecules
A. Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
B. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
C. Proteins, Non polymeric, Polysaccharides, DNA

Answer 7

B. Proteins, lipids - non polymeric, carbohydrates - polysaccharides, nucleic acids - DNA/RNA

Question 8

What structure do macromolecules join together in
A. Circular
B. Linear
C. Horizontal

Answer 8

B. Linear

Question 9

What are the four levels of carbohydrates

Answer 9

1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Oligosaccharides
4. Polysaccharides

Question 10

What is the function of carbohydrates overall

Answer 10

Carbohydrates play an important role in the human body. They act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism, participate in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, and help with fermentation.

Question 11

What are monosaccharides

Answer 11

The single unit building blocks of carbohydrates. They are the simplest carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolysed to smaller carbohydrates.

Question 12

Example of Hexose monosaccharides (6)

Answer 12

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 13

Example of Pentose (5)

Answer 13

Deoxyribose, Ribose

Question 14

What are disaccharides

Answer 14

Two monosaccharides joined together

Question 15

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 15

Glucose + fructose = sucrose
- Joins like a V

Galactose + Glucose = Lactose
- Joints like an I

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
- Joins like a U

Question 16

What is an oligosaccharide

Answer 16

Several monosaccharides linked together. 3 to approx 10.

Question 17

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 17

Many monomers linked together. Approx >10 liked monosaccharides

Question 18

Functions of polysaccharides

Answer 18

Important source of energy in animal cell and forms a structural component of a plant cell.

Question 19

What are the functions of carbohydrates

Answer 19

Recognition, Energy & Structure

Question 20

What is the purpose of recognition in carbohydrates

Answer 20

Carbohydrates form distinctive cellular markers allowing cells to recognise one another which is important for the immune system.

Question 21

What is the purpose of energy in carbohydrates

Answer 21

They act as an energy source to help control blood glucose and insulin levels as well as helping with fermentation.

Question 22

What are the two types of informational molecules

Answer 22

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 23

What is a nucleotide made up of in DNA

Answer 23

A base, phosphate and a ribose sugar

Question 24

What is a nucleotide made up of in RNA

Answer 24

A base, phosphate and a deoxyribose sugar

Question 25

What are the common baes

Answer 25

Thymine: T
Adenine: A
Cytosine: C
Guanine: G
Uracil: U (replaces T for RNA)

Question 26

How does a cell manufacture proteins

Answer 26

The specific genes within its DNA must first be transcribed into molecules of mRNA. Then these transcripts must be translated into chains of amino acids, which later fold into fully functional proteins

Question 27

What are proteins

Answer 27

Molecules by which cells perform their functions in the whole organism. They are polymers of amino acids.

Question 28

What biological functions do proteins perform and give examples

Answer 28

Structural - collagen
Regulatory - Insulin
Contractile - Actin, myosin
Transport - Haemoglobin
Storage - Egg white
Protective - Antibodies
Catalytic - RNA polymerase
Toxic - diphtheria and botulinum

Question 29

What does hydrophobic mean

Answer 29

A surface that has the ability to repel water

Question 30

What are the functions of lipids

Answer 30

Structural, Regulatory, Energy

Question 31

What is the structural function of a lipid

Answer 31

Responsible for contributing to membrane tension, rigidity and overall shape.