Building Automation Lvl 1 Flashcards
What is the most significant benefit of a BAS?
Energy Efficiency
What are the two ‘primary targets’ for improving a building’s energy efficiency?
- ) HVAC systems
2. ) Lighting
What early type of control system was developed in the early 1900’s for HVAC in commercial buildings?
Pneumatic
Within a pneumatic control system there are __ main groups of components.
4
What does DDC stand for?
Direct-Digital Control
A ____ system uses a distributed network of microprocessor-based controllers to automate any combination of building systems.
Building Automation
What three components does a system controller include?
- ) Microprocessor
- ) Memory
- ) Control Program
What is the difference between a DDC system and a full BAS?
Every device in a BAS can communicate with one another on the buildings ‘shared network’.
What is the disadvantage of a BAS?
They are more complex, therefore requiring contractors with specialized knowledge of them,
What type of control system is common for residential applications?
X10
Industrial Automation is usually applied at the ____ level, rather than the ____ level,
Controller, Device
The automation priorities for a building are often based on what four main factors?
- ) Location
- ) Occupancy
- ) Equipment and Products
- ) On-site Processes
A ____ is a document describing the desired performance of the purchased components and means and methods of installation.
Contract Specifications or “Specs”
____ drawings are documents produced by a contractor with the details necessary for installation.
Shop Drawings (also called ‘Cut Sheets’)
What are the two main parts of Shop Drawings?
- ) Components
2. ) Software/wiring
A ____ is a device that measures a variable and transmits a signal that conveys this information.
Sensor
A ____ is a device that makes decisions to change some aspect of a system based on information from sensors and internal programming.
Controller
A ____ is a device that accepts a control signal and causes a mechanical motion.
Actuator
A ____ is an electrical switch that is actuated by a seperate electrical circuit.
Relay
What are the three types of control signals?
- ) Digital (On or Off)
- ) Analog (Any value between 0-100%)
- ) Structured Network Messages (Protocol)
A ____ power source is typically located on or near customer facilities, which supplies power in the event of an interruption in power from the utility.
Secondary
What two examples are given in the book of electrical loads required to have secondary power sources by governing bodies?
- ) Fire Pumps
2. ) Egress Lighting
What is the most common source of back-up (secondary) power?
Diesel Generators
The main functions of ____ devices are monitoring and maintaining a reliable and quality power supply.
Electrical System Control Devices
A ____ is a heavy-duty relay for switching ‘high power’ loads.
Contactor
Proper indoor lighting can improve both the ____ and ____ of occupants.
Productivity and Safety
What are the two types of devices used for lighting control?
Input and Output
What is the most common form of AUTOMATIC lighting control?
Occupancy Sensors
What does “PIR” sensor stand for?
Passive Infrared Sensor
Lighting Contactors are mechanically operated by ____.
Solenoids
A ____ is a switch that automatically changes state at preset times.
Time Clock
What does ‘HVAC’ stand for?
Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
HVAC systems heat and cool relying on the 2 basic principals of ____ and ____.
- ) Thermodynamics
2. ) Heat Transfer
HVAC systems are classified into two groups by the way they distribute heat energy through a building. What are they?
- ) Forced-Air Systems
2. ) Hydronic Systems
How many types of air do AHU’s manage?
5 types;
- ) Return
- ) Outside
- ) Mixed
- ) Exhaust
- ) Supply
What does ‘VAV’ stand for?
Variable-Air-Volume (terminal box)
A ____ HVAC system distributes water or steam throughout a building as the means for heating or cooling spaces.
Hydronic
What are the five considerations of comfort?
- ) Temperature
- ) Humidity
- ) Filtration
- ) Circulation
- ) Ventilation
What property of air is the most important for comfort?
Temperature.
Ideal air movement is about ___cfm per person occupying the space.
40cfm (cubic feet per minute)
What does ACH stand for?
Air Changes per Hour
What 3 things influence building pressure?
- ) Wind Direction
- ) Wind Gusts
- ) Turbulence
____ is the capacity for diverse systems and devices within a building to work together effectively and reliably.
Interoperability
A ____ is a set of rules and procedures for the exchange of information between two connected devices.
Protocol
What are the 3 main benefits of Building Automation Systems?
- ) Energy Efficiency (most important)
- ) Improved Control
- ) Convenience (for maintenance and security staff)
What are the 4 main groups of pneumatic control components?
- ) Air Compressor Stations
- ) Transmitter
- ) Auxillary Devices
- ) Actuators
What are some building owners’ concerns when deciding between Automation Systems?
- Initial costs
- Payback periods
- Maintenance
- Impact on occupants
- Flexibility
- Upgradeability
- Environmental factors
What does “HMI” stand for?
Human-Machine Interface
In ____ generation, power is sent through the grid via one main generation plant or station.
Centralized
In ____ generation, many smaller generating systems create power near the point of consumption.
Distributed
A ____is an electric device that uses electromagnetism to change AC voltages or electrically isolate two circuits
Transformer
Strange/erratic harmonic currents indicate that a power source has poor what?
Power Quality
____ is when the meter subtracts exported electricity from imported to find total amount of power consumption by the customer.
Net Metering
What are the 5 types of UPS’ covered in the book?
- ) Stand-by
- ) Line Interactive
- ) Rotary
- ) Double Conversion On-line
- ) Delta Conversion On-line
What is the difference between open-loop and closed-loop? (Light sensing applications)
Closed-loop has feedback, where the light sensor picks up changes in the light level that it helped facilitate, as well as changes in natural light. Open-loop only senses changes in the natural light or ambient light.
What does “PID” stand for? (Control devices)
- Proportional (Direct response to offset) (Present)
- Integral (Sum of offset over time) (Past)
- Derivative (Estimating change of variable) (Future)
What type of lighting control scheme controls all lights and devices from one, main control panel?
Centralized Lighting Control
What type of lighting control scheme allows lights to be controlled by local devices?
Distributed Lighting Control
____ is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
Light
Only about __ to __% of light produced by a lamp is visible.
10 - 35% (65-90% is NOT visible)
What are the three types of occupancy sensors?
- ) PIR
- ) Ultrasonic
- ) Microwave
What are the two types of light level sensors?
- ) Photoresistor
2. ) Photodiode
A ____-____ is the end point in an HVAC system where the conditioned “medium” (usually air) is added to the environment of the building space.
Terminal Unit
A ____ HVAC system includes components such as:
- Ductwork
- Dampers
- Fans
Forced Air
A ____ HVAC system includes components such as:
- Pipes
- Valves
- Pumps
Hydronic
____ are the most common type of humidifiers, simply injecting moisture into the supply air.
Steam Jets
The ____ system is required to shut down the HVAC system upon detection of smoke/flames.
Fire Alarm
Mixed Air is made from what two other types of air?
Return and Outside
What are the two purposes of outside and return air dampers?
- ) To satisfy ventilation requirements (Maintain Air Quality)
- ) To economize outside air by utilizing it when it is close to the temperature set point.
Stairwells commonly required to have ____ pressure during fire situations, so smoke will not enter it when occupants open the stairwell doors to escape.
Positive.
In isolation rooms, the ATU provides constant SUPPLY air, The pressurization of the room can be manipulated by changing the amount of ____ air.
Exhaust.
How many state-wrestling championships has Jake Marlin won?
4x
