Bugs & Drugs Flashcards
otitis media - common bugs
*Strep pneumo
*H flu
*moraxella
otitis media - tx options
- amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
- if severe allergy to penicillins: macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin)
- if mild intolerance to penicillins: cephalosporins (cefdinir / Omnicef)
acute conjunctivitis - common bugs
*viral: adenovirus > others
*bacterial:
1. strep pneumo, h flu, moraxella
2. gonorrhea, chlamydia
3. pseudomonas, staph aureus (contact lens-wearers)
VIRAL > bacterial
acute conjunctivitis - tx options
*viral: supportive care / hand hygiene
*bacterial:
1. topical erythromycin or TMP-polymyxin
2. ceftriaxone/doxycycline for STIs
3. topical fluoroquinolones (floxacins) and no contacts
otitis externa - overview
*usually non-infectious
*if infectious: Pseudomonas most common
*treat with topical antibiotics
rhinosinusitis - common bugs
*viral: rhinovirus, COVID, flu, RSV, parainfluenza
*bacterial: strep pneumo, h flu, moraxella
VIRAL > bacterial
viral rhinosinusitis - treatment
*supportive care: fluids, rest, NSAIDs, decongestants, sinus rinse, nasal steroids (fluticasone)
bacterial rhinosinusitis - treatment
- amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
- cephalosporins, macrolides, doxycycline if needed
pharyngitis/tonsillitis (sore throat) - common bugs
*viral: adenovirus, EBV, CMV, rhinovirus, COVID, flu, etc
*bacterial: group A strep
pharyngitis/tonsillitis (sore throat) - treatment
*viral: supportive care
*group A strep: amoxicillin / penicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin
*EBV: no contact sports
diverticulitis - common bugs
- gram negative rods: E. coli
- anaerobes: bacterioides
diverticulitis - treatment
*GNR coverage: TMP/SMX, cipro/levofloxacin, cephalosporins
*anaerobe coverage: metronidazole clindamycin
note - need to cover both
complications of diverticulitis
*abscess
*obstruction
*fistula
*perforation
