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Antibiotics > Bugs + Antibiotics Drugs > Flashcards

Bugs + Antibiotics Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are gram + bacteria?

A

Strep - Strep pneumoniae
Staph - MSSA, MRSA, CoNS
Enterococcus - E. faecalis, E. faecium

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2
Q

Gram + bacteria: where is streptococcus pneumoniae commonly found?

A

nose and throat

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3
Q

Gram + bacteria: where is Staph MSSA MRSA commonly found?

A

skin, nose, throat

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4
Q

Gram + bacteria: where is Enterococcus commonly found?

A

GI tract

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5
Q

What are gram - bacteria and where are they found:

A

H. influenzae - nose throat
M. catarrhalis - upper respiratory
Proteus - GI, intestine
E. coli - GI, intestine
Klebsiella - GI, intestine
“SPACE” bugs (“SPACE” bugs: Serratia, P. vulgaris, Providencia, Morganella,
Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter)
Pseudomonas - skin

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6
Q

What is a gram - anaerobe?
what is a gram + anaerobe?

A

Bacteroides fragilis (-)
C. Diff (+)

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7
Q

What are the atypical bacteria?

A

Legionella sp
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia sp

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8
Q

Bugs + Drug
1. Penicillin: Penicillin G, V

A

Streptococci, E. Faecalis, S. Pneumoniae.
- only cover some from Gram +!
- Penicillin G is IV (first line for syphilis)

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9
Q

Bugs + Drug
1. Penicillin: Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

A

Streptococci, E. Faecalis, S. Pneumoniae.
- only cover some from Gram +!

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10
Q

Bugs + Drug
1. Penicillin: Ampi/sulb (Unasyn), Amox/Clav (Augmentin)

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, streptococci, E. Faecalis, S. Pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)
  • Gram -: E. Coli
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11
Q

Bugs + Drug
1. Penicillin: Nafcillin

A

MSSA, streptococci, S. Pneumoniae
- only cover some from Gram +!

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12
Q

Bugs + Drug
1. Penicillin: Pip+Tazobac (Zosyn)

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, streptococci, E. Faecalis S. Pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)
  • Gram -: E.Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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13
Q

Bugs + Drug
2. Cephalosporins: 1st gen –> Cefazolin, Cephalexin, 2nd gen –> Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, and 3rd gen –> Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime

A

Coverage only differs by a little!
- Gram +: MSSA, Streptococci, Strep. Pneumoniae
- Gram -: E Coli
.
BUT: Gen 2 also covers Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)!

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14
Q

Bugs + Drug
2. Cephalosporins: 3rd gen Ceftazidime

A

Gram -: E.Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

Bugs + Drug
2. Cephalosporins: 4th gen Cefepime

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, Streptococci, Strep. Pneumoniae
  • Gram -: E.Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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16
Q

Bugs + Drug
2. Cephalosporins: 5th gen Ceftaroline

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, MRSA, Staph epidermidis, Streptococci, Strep. Pneumoniae
  • Gram -: E.Coli
17
Q

Bugs + Drug
3. Monobactams: Aztreonam

A
  • Gram -: E.Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
18
Q

Bugs + Drug
4. Carbapenems - doripenem, imipenem, meropenem

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, Streptococci, E. Faecalis, S. Pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)
  • Gram -: E.Coli, ESBL producing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
19
Q

Bugs + Drug
4. Carbapenems - ertapenem

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, Streptococci, S. Pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)
  • Gram -: E.Coli, ESBL producing bacteria
20
Q

Bugs + Drug
5. Glycopeptide - Vancomycin (IV and PO)

A

Vanco IV: all gram +! Strep - Strep pneumoniae, Staph - MSSA, MRSA, CoNS
Enterococcus - E. faecalis, E. faecium (maybe)
.
Vanco PO: ONLY Anaerobes C.Diff (+) - not systemically absorbed via PO!

21
Q

Bugs + Drug
6. Lipoglycopeptide - Dalbavancin, Telavancin, Oritavancin
7. Lipopeptide - Daptomycin

A

Literally the same as Vanco IV: all gram +! Strep - Strep pneumoniae, Staph - MSSA, MRSA, CoNS, Enterococcus - E. faecalis, E. faecium (maybe +/- for all except Oritavancin and Daptomycin!)

22
Q

Bugs + Drug
8. Macrolide - Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

A

Maybe +/-: MSSA, Strep pneumoniae, Streptococci (but in Claritho/Azith for sure covers!)
.
BUT MACROLIDES ARE BEST FOR Atypical COVERAGE!!!!: Legionella sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia sp

23
Q

Bugs + Drug
9. Lincosamides - Clindamycin

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, MRSA, Staph epidermidis, Streptococci, Strep. Pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)
24
Q

Bugs + Drug
10. Aminoglycoside - Gentamicin

A

Good activity against gram: E.coli,
Klebsiella, pseudomonas, Acinetobacter … many issues

25
Q

Bugs + Drug
11. Oxazolidinones - Linezolid, Tedizolid

A

Literally all gram +! Strep - Strep pneumoniae, Staph - MSSA, MRSA, CoNS
Enterococcus - E. faecalis, E. faecium

26
Q

Bugs + Drug
12. Tetracyclines - Doxycycline

A

Gram +: MSSA, MRSA, Staph Epidermidis, Strep pneumoniae, (streptococci, E. faecalis, E. faecium - maybe +/-)
.
Gram -: E.Coli
.
Atypical: ALL! Legionella sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia sp

27
Q

Bugs + Drug
13. Antifolates - Trimetho/Sulfa (Bactrim)

A

Gram +: MSSA, MRSA, Strep pneumoniae, (Streptococci - Maybe)
.
Gram -: Ecoli (MAYBE)

28
Q

Bugs + Drug
14. Fluoroquinolone - Ciprofloxacin

A

Gram - : Ecoli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
All Atypical: Legionella sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia sp

29
Q

Bugs + Drug
14. Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, Streptococci, Strep pneumoniae
  • Gram - : Ecoli
  • All Atypical: Legionella sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia sp
30
Q

Bugs + Drug
14. Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin

A
  • Gram +: MSSA, Streptococci, Strep pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (-)
  • Gram - : Ecoli
  • All Atypical: Legionella sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia sp
31
Q

Bugs + Drug
15. Nitroimidazole - Metronidazole

A

ONLY COVER ANAEROBES - Cdiff and B. Fragilis

32
Q

What covers MRSA and what is the first line ?

A

Best treatment option for MRSA: Vancomycin IV, or Daptomycin
.
Ceftaroline (5th gen), Vancomycin IV, Daptomycin, -Vancins, Clindamycin, Bactrim, Linezolid, Doxycycline

33
Q

What covers Pseudomonas Aerug and what is the first line ?

A

2 drug regimen is recommended - Pseudomonas infection can be treated with a combination of an antipseudomonal beta-lactam (eg, penicillin - or cephalosporin) and an aminoglycoside.
.
Carbapenems (eg, imipenem, meropenem) with antipseudomonal quinolones may be used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside.

—- Find updated information; base off of source of infection

34
Q

Bugs

What covers Strep Pneumoniae?

A

All penicillins, all cephalosporins (except ceftazidime), all carbapenem, vanco + friends, levo/moxifloxacin

35
Q

Bugs

What covers Enterococcus?

A

All penicillin (except for nafcillin), mero/dori/ imipenem, vanco + friends, daptomycin/ linezolid

36
Q

Bugs

What covers B Frag ( anaerobe gram -)

A

Unsyn, Augmentin, Zosyn, 2nd gen cephalosporins (cefoxitin/ cefotetan), clindamycin, metronidazole

37
Q

Bugs

What covers Atypical bugs?

A

macrolides (azit, clar), doxycycline, quinolones (cipro, levo, moxi)

38
Q

What covers most of the gram negative: Ecoli, Proteus, Klebsiella, H. influenzea, M. Catarrhalis

A

ampicillin, amox, augemtin, unsyn, all cephalopoprins, all carbapenem, all quinolones, all aminoglycoside, bactrim

39
Q

bugs

What covers SPACE bugs/ what are space bug

A

SPACE: Serratia, P Vulgaris, Providencia, Morganella, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter
.
Zosyn, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, All carbepenem, All quinolones, All animoglycoside, tigecycline

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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