Bugs and Us Flashcards
Important players in acute immunity
Platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocyte (WBC), mast cell, endothelial cells
3 components of acute immunity
- Alterations in vascular caliber, 2. Change in endothelial cells, 3. Emigration of leukocytes
Endothelial cell
Cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels
Neutrophil
Most abundant type of WBC
Leukocyte
= WBC
Steps of adherence and extravasation/transmigration
- Activation, 2. Rolling, 3. Adhesion, 4. Transmigration
Chemotaxis
Leukocytes emigrate in tissues to site of injury
Cytokines
Proteins important in cell signaling; Important mediators of inflammation
Acute phase reactions
Fever, increased sleep/proteins, decreased appetite, shock, neutrophilia (high WBC count)
Chronic inflammation characterized by:
Macrophages and lymphocyte infiltration, tissue destruction, attempts at healing
Lymphocytes develop from:
Stem cells
Somatic recombination only occurs in
Lymphocytes
Incidence rate
Number of new cases per population in a given time period
Nosocomial infections
= hospital acquired
Antibodies help fight viruses by:
Binding to virus and preventing them from attaching to other cells
Flu transmitted by:
Respiratory route
Flu’s genetic material
RNA
Flu’s surface proteins
H: hemagglutinin (entry) and N: neuraminidase (exit)
Antigenic drift
Small mutations
Antigenic shift
New strain, which causes epidemic/pandemic
Food infection
Disease occurs when food with harmful microbes grow in intestine (ex. Salmonella)
Food toxicoinfection
Disease from consumption of a large number of viable bacteria; bacteria sporulate, colonize and die to release toxins (ex. Clostridium perfringes)
Food intoxication
Consumption of food containing active toxins from growth in food (ex. Staph aureus)
Waterborne illnesses caused by fecal-oral transmission
Hepatitis A, cholera, polio
