Bugs and Us

Question 1

Important players in acute immunity

Answer 1

Platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocyte (WBC), mast cell, endothelial cells

Question 2

3 components of acute immunity

Answer 2

1. Alterations in vascular caliber, 2. Change in endothelial cells, 3. Emigration of leukocytes

Question 3

Endothelial cell

Answer 3

Cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 4

Neutrophil

Answer 4

Most abundant type of WBC

Question 5

Leukocyte

Answer 5

= WBC

Question 6

Steps of adherence and extravasation/transmigration

Answer 6

1. Activation, 2. Rolling, 3. Adhesion, 4. Transmigration

Question 7

Chemotaxis

Answer 7

Leukocytes emigrate in tissues to site of injury

Question 8

Cytokines

Answer 8

Proteins important in cell signaling; Important mediators of inflammation

Question 9

Acute phase reactions

Answer 9

Fever, increased sleep/proteins, decreased appetite, shock, neutrophilia (high WBC count)

Question 10

Chronic inflammation characterized by:

Answer 10

Macrophages and lymphocyte infiltration, tissue destruction, attempts at healing

Question 11

Lymphocytes develop from:

Answer 11

Stem cells

Question 12

Somatic recombination only occurs in

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Question 13

Incidence rate

Answer 13

Number of new cases per population in a given time period

Question 14

Nosocomial infections

Answer 14

= hospital acquired

Question 15

Antibodies help fight viruses by:

Answer 15

Binding to virus and preventing them from attaching to other cells

Question 16

Flu transmitted by:

Answer 16

Respiratory route

Question 17

Flu’s genetic material

Answer 17

RNA

Question 18

Flu’s surface proteins

Answer 18

H: hemagglutinin (entry) and N: neuraminidase (exit)

Question 19

Antigenic drift

Answer 19

Small mutations

Question 20

Antigenic shift

Answer 20

New strain, which causes epidemic/pandemic

Question 21

Food infection

Answer 21

Disease occurs when food with harmful microbes grow in intestine (ex. Salmonella)

Question 22

Food toxicoinfection

Answer 22

Disease from consumption of a large number of viable bacteria; bacteria sporulate, colonize and die to release toxins (ex. Clostridium perfringes)

Question 23

Food intoxication

Answer 23

Consumption of food containing active toxins from growth in food (ex. Staph aureus)

Question 24

Waterborne illnesses caused by fecal-oral transmission

Answer 24

Hepatitis A, cholera, polio

Question 25

Endemic

Answer 25

Always a problem

Question 26

Diseases from bodily fluids with RNA as genetic material

Answer 26

Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, Ebola