Bugs and MOR Flashcards
MSSA
-NSBLs
MRSA
- NSBLs
- modified PBPs
- only requires single point mutation and high mutation rate to FQs
MSSE
- 90% make NSBLs
- empirically assume it’s MRSE
MRSE
- NSBLs
- modified PBPs
PSSP
-don’t make beta-lactamases
PRSP
-don’t make beta-lactamases
-modified PBPs
functionally resistant
*very slow mutation rate to develop FQ resistance…not a lot of gyrase resistance. Main target is PAR for FQ…main resistance is efflux pumps!
Any other streptococci
- no beta-lactamases
- strep. viridans most resistant of these
Enterococcus faecalis
- no beta-lactamases
- modified PBPs
- VRE=modified PTG to become vancomycin resistant
Enterococcus faecium
- no beta-lactamases
- modified PBPs
- VRE=modified PTG to become vancomycin resistant
Listeria monoctyogenes
- no beta-lactamases
- modified PBPs
- PBPs are similar to enterococci but their ribosome is more similarto traditional G+ bugs (so macrolides work)
Corynebacterium
-modified PBPs (similar to enterococci)
Bacillus
-no beta-lactamases
Acinetobacter
-modified PBPs
-modified pores
-70-90% make BSBL
-some can make carbapenamases
only requires single point mutation and high mutation rate to FQs
Moraxella catarrhalis
- “simple G-“
- 20-50% make BSBL (up to 75%)
Neisseria gonorrhea
- 20-50% make BSBL
- some have modified PBP–>if it does, NO penicillin will work
Neisseria meningitidis
- “simple G-“
- no beta-lactamases
- some have modified PBPs (PRNM)
- vaccine available!
Haemophilus influenza
- “simple G-“
- 20-50% make BSBL
- vaccine available!
- many strains (<50% but still significant) have become resistant to marcolides via mef genes
Pasturella/Eikenella
- “simple G-“
- no beta-lactamases
Escherichia coli
- 20-50% make BSBL
- possible to make IRBSBL which chops up ALL penicillins
- 20% make ESBL (more likely to see in hospital infections)
- requires multiple mutations and relatively slow rate of mutation for FQ resistance
Salmonella
-20% make BSBLs
Shigella
-20% make BSBLs
Proteus mirabilis
- least likely to make beta-lactamases
- -if it does make one, it’s BSBL
Proteus vulgaris
- most make BSBL
- modified PBPs
Klebsiella
- 70-90% make BSBL
- 20% make ESBL
- some make carbapenamases
Citrobacter (Morganella, Providencia)
- 70-90% make BSBL
- 20% make AmpC but this gene is usually repressed
Enterobacter
- 70-90% make BSBL
- 20% make AmpC but gene usually repressed
- some make carbapenamases
Serratia
- 70-90% make BSBL
- 20% make AmpC but gene usually repressed
- some make carbapenamases
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-restrictive outer membrane
-70-90% make BSBLs
-20% make AmpC
-some make carbapenamases
-unique PBPs
some resistance by modified porins to Aztreonam
*only requires single point mutation and high mutation rate to FQs…get end treatment resistance!!
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
-make carbapenamases
Burkholderia cepacia
-multiple MOR
Legionella pneumophilia
- “simple G-“
- low affinity PBPs
Bacteroides fragilis
-70-90% make BSBL
Clostridium
-no beta-lactamases
Clostridium difficile
- does make beta-lactamases
- has spores
Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium
-no beta-lactamases
Mycoplasma
-no cell wall
Mycobacteria
-acid fast
Campylobacter jejuni
*requires multiple mutations and relatively slow rate of mutation for FQ resistance
