Bugs

Question 1

Acinetobacter baumannii

Gram Stain:
Oxygen:
Associated with?
Pathogenic potential (5)
Conditions it causes?

Answer 1

Gram negative bacillus

Aerobic

Opportunistic bacterial pathogen associated with hospital acquired infections

Largely associated with infected combat troops

Pathogenic potential: -ability to adhere to surfaces

• forms capsule
• forms biofilm -antimicrobial resistance
• can acquire genetic material from unrelated genera

Conditions:
Wound and surgical site infections including nec fasc

Question 2

Eikenella corrodens
Gram:
Oxygen:
Natural environment?
Diseases it causes?

Answer 2

Gram negative bacillus

facultative anaerobe

found in normal human oral flora as a mixed infection with strep.

also found in insulin dependent diabetics and intravenous drug users

Can cause cellulitis and osteomyelitis.

Antibiotics of any kind can eliminate co-infected organisms and create a pure eikenella infection

Question 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram:
Oxygen:
Color/Smell:
Pathogenic potential (4):
Diseases (6)

Answer 3

Gram negative rod

aerobic

green pigment and fruity grape smell

Pathogenic potential:

• polysacchoride capsule
• adhesins:
• –pili
• –flagella
• –LPS
• –alginate
• Secreted toxins:
• –phospholipase C: hemolysis
• –Exotoxin A-AB: inhibits EF-2

-Antibiotic resistance

Diseases it causes:

• nosocomial infections
• opportunistic infections
• Skin and soft tissue:
• —burns
• —folliculitis
• —osteochondritis
• —osteomyelitis
• —Web space intertrigo
• pneumonia
• swimmer’s ear
• sepsis

Question 4

Pasteurella multocida

Gram stain:
Oxygen:
Virulence factors:
Cause:
Diseases:

Answer 4

Gram negative coccobacillus

facultative anaerobe

Virulence: LPS, hyaluronic acid

Causes: doc and cat bits, scratches or wound licking

Diseases: pneumonia in COPD and Sepsis in immunocompromised

Question 5

Enterococcus Faecalis
 Other name:
Gram stain:
Acquisition?
Resistance?
Diseases it causes?

Treatment:

Answer 5

AKA Group D strep

• Gram positive cocci
• Hospital acquired infections
• Can become resistant to vanco

Causes UTI’s, Bacteremia, endocarditis, biliary tree infections

Ampicillin, amoxicillin or vanco

Question 6

Peptostreptococcus

Gram Stain

Found?

Oxygen

What type of infections

Treatment

Answer 6

Gram positive cocci

Found in normal flora of human mouth, intestinal tract, vagina and skin

Anaerobic

Prefers soft tissue with low oxygen tension and poor vascular supply

Tx: empirically/penicillin

Question 7

Clostridium tetani

Gram stain:

Populations at risk

Types of tetanus (4)

Treatment

Answer 7

Gram positive

obligate anaerobe

Populations at risk

• unvaccinated
• rusty nails and soil
• diabetics with ulcers
• illicit drug users

Types of tetanus
-Generalized: trismus and opisthotonus

• Local/tonic spastic extremity
• cephalic
• neonatal

DOC: penicillin G or metronidazole

Question 8

Clostridium perfringens

Gram stain

Toxins produced

Diseases it causes

Most susceptible

Symptoms

Tx

Answer 8

Gram positive

obligate anaerobes

produce alpha toxin or lecithinase (RBC hemolysis)

Causes traumatic gas gangrene

Susceptible:

• military combat wounds
• motorcycle accidents
• soil

Symptoms: watery diarrhea

Tx: IV penicillin

Question 9

Corynebacterium Minutissimum

Gram stain

Where is it found

What does it cause (3)

Treatment

Answer 9

Gram positive bacillus

Found on normal skin flora

Causes
-erythrasma: macerated scaly plaque between toes

• Trichomycosis axillaris
• pitted ketolysis

Tx: topical clindamycin/erythromycin, fusidic acid, imidazole

Question 10

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram stain

What diseases does it cause:

Treatment

Answer 10

Gram negative diplococci

Causes:

• STI
• White purulent discharge
• Polyarthritis and affects knees/ankles asymmetrically

Treat: ceftriaxone