Bugs

Question 1

Strep pneumo

Answer 1

Gram + cocci, alpha hemolytic, lancet shape, encapsulated
Sinusitis, otitis, CA meningitis, endocarditis,
Tx: ceftriaxone

Question 2

Haemophilus influenza
Nontypeable
Type B

Answer 2

Nontypeable-Gram - cocci, fastidious(complicated nutrient requirements)
Type b- gram - rod, b ag capsule, chocolate agar, children!
Sinusitis, otitis, meningitis (infants and children up to 24 mo)
IgG Vaccines to type B (opsonization via type b carb ag)
non-typeable causes post-vaccination infections (above)

Question 3

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 3

Gram - diplococci, cultureable

Sinusitis, OM

Question 4

Newborn meningitis

Answer 4

GBS: Gram + coccus, carbohydrate capsule, has C5a peptidase
E.Coli K1: gram - rod, polysaccharide adid capsule
Listeria monocytogenes: gram + rod nonspore, intracell m@ (immunocrompromised meningitis from fridge foods)

Question 5

Nisseria meningitis

Answer 5

Gram - diplococci, encapsulated, ag group polysalic acid
Grow on chocolate agar and thoyer-Morton plates– culturable
CA meningitis

Question 6

Staph aureus

Answer 6

Gram +, clusters, coagulase and catalase +
Endocarditis- preformed toxin; human only
Necrotizing fasciitis
impetigo
food poisoning from preformed toxin, no AB given

Question 7

Strep viridans

Answer 7

Gram + chains, alpha hemolytic

Endocarditis on previously damaged valves, low virulence

Question 8

UTI

Answer 8

E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Tx: cephalaxin

Question 9

Lyme disease

Answer 9

Burrelia bergdurten: gram- spirochete, infects endothelium; NE US
Bulls eye lesion at bite site, flu-like symptoms, then severe fatigue, arthritis, neurological involvement: stiff neck, palsy, visual and headache

Question 10

Rickettsia rickettsi

Answer 10

Gram - cocci
Rocky Mountain spotted fever: rash on hands from Appalachian mnt area
cannot be cultured in cell free media

Question 11

Bubonic plague –> pneumonic plague

Rabbit fever

Answer 11

Yersinia pestis: gram - rod- bipolar staining;
(fleas {swollen LN, fever, septic shock}–> person-person{ bloody sputum rapid death});
Francisella tularensis: gram - rod; influenza symptoms (ingestion), ulcer (skin), sepsis ( inhalation)

Question 12

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 12

Gram + rod, spore forming, neurotoxin (A-B toxin, heat labile protease–> flaccid paralysis, inhib acetylcholine)
Paralysis from canned foods, diarrhea

Question 13

Bacillus cereus

Answer 13

Gram + rod, spore forming

Rice bug, preformed enterotoxin ingested,

Question 14

Shigella dysenterae

Answer 14

Gram - nonmotile rod, lac -, T3SS, intracellular
Low infectious dose ~ 10 microbes (dysenterae)
Shiga toxin: deglycosylates rRNA (–| protein synthesis), actin polymerization
Nonendemic in US, humans only{dysenterae},
sissonei (us water, spread cell-cell), flexneri (water/blood US)

Question 15

E.Coli O157:H7

Answer 15

EHEC
Infectious dose: 10-50 microbes , from processed meats; acid resistance, sorbitol neg- clear on mackonkey
phage encoded Shiga toxin releases Gb3 ( receptor on kidney)
Bloody diarrhea after watery diarrhea
tx: antitoxin before or during AB tx
AE lesions, HUS children,

Question 16

Salmonella typhi

Answer 16

Typhoid
S. typhi: humans only, systemic infection, dysenteric/diarrhea
LPS, CMI, Vi capsule

Question 17

Vibrio cholera

Answer 17

Gram- rod curved
Secretory, small bowel, WATERY diarrhea
Cholera toxin- phage encoded, AB type, activates Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP

Question 18

V. Parahemolyticus

Answer 18

Japan seafood,
Hemolysin
Vomiting, watey diarrhea

Question 19

General E.Coli

Answer 19

Gram - bacillus
Lac pos (beware not all of them!)

Question 20

ETEC

Answer 20

LT/ST heat labile toxin, LT: AB toxin, GMI?, protective AB, adenylate cyclase
ST: gives no cell damage, inc cGMP
Travelers diarrhea, watery, small bowel

Question 21

EAEC

Answer 21

Persistent diarrhea, colon, toxins?

AIDS pt

Question 22

EIEC

Answer 22

Dysentery, invades and spreads

Question 23

Costridium perfringes

Answer 23

Gram + spore forming

Gas gangrene and diarrhea (HL toxin)

Question 24

Clostridium difficile

Answer 24

Gram + rod, spore forming, drug resistant, normal flora
2 toxins,
Pseudomembranous colitis, watery diarrhea progressing to bloody
Pcr to check for toxin

Question 25

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 25

Vibrio shaped, gram -
Leading cause of US diarrhea from bacteria, uncooked chicken, unpasteurized chicken and milk
Gillian barre syndrome
diarrhea/dysentery (like salmonella typhi)

Question 26

Vibrio vulnificus

Answer 26

Oysters,
enters bloodstream upon ingestion, siderophore
Cellulitis, bullus lesions- necrotizing fascitis if cut on skin, death

Question 27

H. Pylori

Answer 27

Gram - rod curved, urease

CagA- gastric cancer

Question 28

Duke Criteria- Major points

Answer 28

2 positive blood culture- S. aureus or other organisms closer together in time
positive findings for IE in Echo

Question 29

Duke Criteria- minor

Answer 29

fever >38
predisposing heart condition
vavular phenomenons

Question 30

endocarditis treatment

Answer 30

cidal AB 4 weeks

Question 31

salmonella enterica

Answer 31

Nontyphoid reptiles (turtles)
S. enteric gram- rod, lac -, T3SS, intracell m@
Vomit diarrhea, no blood

Question 32

UTI causes

Answer 32

E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

Question 33

E. Coli causing UTI, uses what factors to propagate upper UTI?

Answer 33

mannose-resistant fimbrae and hemolysin

Question 34

bacillus anthracis

Answer 34

ingestion/inhalation of spores and no systemic infections

anthrax toxin-> B binds first, then A

Question 35

GAS- pyogenes

Answer 35

impetigo-> glomerulonephritis, TSS, NF, and cellulitis but NOT RF

Question 36

meningeal symptoms

Answer 36

lethargy, stiff neck, confusion, headache, vomitting

Question 37

cytoplasmic replication ability, and use actin for mobility and spreading? 3 organisms

Answer 37

Rickettsia, Flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes