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STEP2 > Bugs > Flashcards

Bugs Flashcards

1
Q

Frothy, greasy stool is mnemonic for what parasitic infection?

A

Giardiasis

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2
Q

what is the medical treatment for giardiasis?

A

metronidazole or tinadazole

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3
Q

EVERYONE who is + culture for Streptococcus gallolyticus needs immediate followup with a ______ ?

why?

A

colonoscopy!

gallolyticus is linked to colorectal cancer

gallolyticus GUT

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4
Q

what bug causes severe pain, fever, crepitus, darkened skin, and blisters around a deep, foul-smelling wound?

aka
gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

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5
Q

why can a pt taking Chloroquine STILL catch malaria?

what drug therapy is used in this case?

A

P. falciparum is resistant to Chloroquine

for Chloroquine-resistant malaria use a combo of Dapsone + Pyrimethamine

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6
Q

In order to develop Taenia solium cyst-icercosis, you have to ingest the parasites ____ which are located in ______?

A

ingestion of Taenia solium EGGS excreted in human FECES

so, eggs = cysts

larva = stomach probs

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7
Q

what does CMV retinitis look like on fundoscopic exam?

A

pizza pie slice hemorrhages :)

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8
Q

which bug lives on congenital valve defects?

A

Strep viridans/sanguinis

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9
Q

what is another name for strep viridans?

A

sanguinis

latin for blood

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of epididymitis?

A

chlamydia & gonorrhea

epididymitis is like cervicitis for males

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11
Q

What syndrome does HIV cause in HEALTHY, not yet immunocompromised HIV pts?

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

abcdefGHIV

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12
Q

how do you confirm that a patient has chronic Hep C infection?

A

PCR for viral RNA

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13
Q

an elevated Beta-D-Glucan indicates invasive systemic infection with what organisms

A

fungal organisms = Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Pneumocystis jirovecii.

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14
Q

what is the cause of epidemic keratoconjuctivitis?

what is the recommended tx?

A

cause of pink eye = adenovirus!!

supportive treatment (artificial tears and cold compresses)

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15
Q

what are the special contraindications for giving a 4 month old the rotavirus vaccine?

A

hx of:
Intusseption
SCID, or
GI tract malformation (meckel diverticulum)

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16
Q

what does a FTA-ABS test measure?

How long is the test positive?

A

= Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-absorption for syphilis infection

positive up to 2–3 weeks after infection with Treponema pallidum

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17
Q

what will a brain abscess look like on brain MRI?

A

round-like encapsulated (clean hyperintense ring) mass with central necrosis (DARKNESS) and surrounding EDEMA

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18
Q

what are the common causes of brain abscesses?

A 
otitis media
dental infection
mastoiditis
sinusitis
IE embolization to brain 
brain sx/shunt infection
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19
Q

is rabies a bacteria or a virus?

A

Rabies = VIRUS

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20
Q

explain the Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn.

what is the causative organism class?

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn is when a pt with a spirochete infection (syphilis, borreliosis, leptospirosis) is treated w/ medication, BUT a few hours later develop flu like symptoms (fever, myalgia, chills) + hypotension

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21
Q

what stage of syphilis will a pt experience the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?

A

stage 2= diffuse maculopapular rash

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22
Q

what is the cause of necrotizing pneumonia in adults vs children?

what infection does it follow?

A 
Adults= staph 
children = pseudomonas

viral infection > secondary bacterial pna > nectrotizing pna

23
Q

what bugs cause secondary bacterial pna?

A

staph #1
strep pna
haemophilus influenzae.

24
Q

what is the mnemonic for the causative agents in Reactive arthritis?

A

she may be REACTIVE, but She Can Cook Yummy Salmon

Shigella
Campylobacter
Chlamydia
Yersinia 
Salmonella
25
Q

When is the chance of vertical transmission of HIV highest?

A

Highest during the actual pregnancy (aka baby is more likely to get HIV in the womb than during delivery day)

26
Q

what does your viral load have to be in order to be considered for a vaginal delivery?

A

< 1000

You need to have LESS than 1,000 miles/bodies to have VAGINAL sex with me

27
Q

what does zidovudine prevent?

what viral load receives it?

when is it administered?

A

Zidovudine prevents INTRAPARTUM transmission from mom to baby

only pts w/ >1000K miles get zidovudine ==== only pts who will get induced Csection @ 38 weeks

it is given INTRAPARTUM/during pregnancy (usually @ 38 weeks b4 Csection)

28
Q

true or false:

Newborns of HIV moms always receive post-prophylaxis cART regardless of what moms viral load was

A

TRUE! baby will be in a cART no matter what moms load was at delivery

29
Q

what are Tzanck cells?

what disease are they classically present in?

A

multi-nucleated giant cells

Pemphigus vulgaris
Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)
Varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox or shingles)
Cytomegalovirus

30
Q

a child presenting with failure to thrive, white plaques in the mouth, fever, and lymphadenopathy has what infection?

A

HIV

31
Q

what is the cause of vesicular rashes that are ass seen in the SAME STAGE of development?

A

Small Pox virus== have the SAME age of eruption

32
Q

what is the vaccine for SMALL pox vs CHICKEN pox?

A

SMALL POX = Vaccinia (vaccinia is the country where small boxes are manufactured)

chicken pox = varicella

33
Q

what bacteriaS and parasite infections are functionally asplenic & physically asplenic pts at risk of developing?

A

encapsulated infections:

H flu 
Strep PNA
Klebsiella 
Neisseria menin
Pseudomonas 
Babesia
34
Q

what is the cause of PID?

A

neisseria AND chlamydia

35
Q

1 way to differentiate btw Neisseria vs Chlamydia infection?

A

PCR

36
Q

what is a hint in the question stem to Coxsackievirus being the answer ?

A

The stem will mention warm SUMMER camp/job or fall weather

37
Q

what type of Coxsackievirus causes aseptic/viral meningitis?

A

BOTH A & B causes meningitis

38
Q

what are the Clx features of Coxsackievirus A?

A

Hand, foot & mouth (herpangina) rash

Aseptic meningitis

39
Q

What are the Clx features of Coxsackievirus B?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy
Pleurodynia (Bornholm disease- spasms of abd & chest from inflamed pleura & muscles)
aseptic meningitis

40
Q

what are the 3A’s on the tail of the Klebsiella PNA sketchy?

A

Alcoholics w/ DM
Abscess (lung + liver) similar to TB cavitation
Aspiration

41
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis causes what genital findings?

what is the tx for Klebsiella granulomatis?

A

Granuloma inguinale:
painless genital nodules that eventually ulcerate to form large, beefy-red lesions that bleed easily

tx: doxycycline & azithromycin

42
Q

For Hep A, B, & C:

transmission
vaccine?
cure?

A

Hep A: transmitted fecal/oral. YES vaccine. supportive care

Hep B: transmitted sexual/parenteral(IVDU)/perinatal. YES vaccine, but NO CURE

Hep C: transmission parenteral(IVDU). NO vaccine, but very curable/manageable

43
Q

What are the causative bugs for chorioamnionitis?

how do you treat them?

A

1 ureaplasma (but AB regimen for chorio does NOT fight this bug)

Gardnerella vaginalis (clindamycin)
Bacteroides (clindamycin)
Group B Streptococcus (penicillin> IV ampicillin)
E. coli (penicillin> IV ampicillin)

44
Q

what is another name for Measles?

A

Measles = Rubeola measle in a ruby red dress

45
Q

what is the difference in the contagion period of adults and congenital infants with Rubella?

A

adults = contagious 7 days before the rash & 7 days after the rash

congenital = newborn will be contagious until 12 months old!

46
Q

what is the cause of toxic shock syndrome?

A

staph EXOTOXIN production by staph bacteria

47
Q

what day of cycle will TSS present?

what is the symptoms

A

around day 3 or 4 of cycle

flulike symptoms (N/V fever >102)&raquo_space;» macular rash on palms/soles &raquo_space; mucosal involvement (red conjunctiva, hyperemia of throat, vaginal)

48
Q

what bug most commonly causes bacterial keratitis? (eye infection w/ white exudate in the anterior chamber)

A

Pseudomonas (tx w/ fluroquinolones)

49
Q

pneumococcal polysaccharide valent 23 (PPSV23) is given to adults > _____ yo
OR
to adults with what medical conditions?

A

PPSV23 covers MORE S. pneumo variants so it is given to HIGH RISK pts

  • > 65yo
    OR
  • any age of pts w/ cardiac, lung, liver, kidney disease; smokers ; DIAGNOSED alcoholics ; DM, functional or anatomic ASPLENIA, immunosuppression, CSF leaks, etc
50
Q

pneumococcal conjugate valent 13 (PCV13) is given to what age range?

A

only covers 13 variants of S. pneumo

is given routinely to kids <18 yo

51
Q

what 2 dermatophytes causea tinea capitis?

A

Trichophyton & Microsporum

52
Q

what organism is most likely the cause of a diabetic foot ulcer?

A

POLYMICROBIAL (mixed aerobe * anaerobe)

53
Q

mnemonic for Whipple disease?

A

PAS the CAN of foamy WHIPPed cream

PAS + macrophages

Cardiac valve insufficiency
Arthritis
Neuro defects

STEP2 (12 decks)

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