Buffers

Question 1

common-ion effect

Answer 1

a weak electrolyte and a strong electrolyte will interfere

Question 2

buffered solutions (buffers)

Answer 2

resist change to pH; HA/A-

Question 3

buffer capacity

Answer 3

amount of acid or base solution can neutralize before a significant change in pH

Question 4

pH range

Answer 4

range when buffer is effective centered around pH=pKa

Question 5

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer 5

buffer equation; pH= pKa + log (A-/HA)

Question 6

pH titration curve

Answer 6

the plot of the pH of an acid (or base) as a function of the volume of added base (or acid)

Question 7

solubility product constant

Answer 7

Ksp, an equilibrium constant that expresses quantitatively the extent to which the compound dissolves

Question 8

complex ion

Answer 8

assembly of a metal ion and the Lewis bases (ligands) bonded to it

Question 9

formation constant

Answer 9

for a metal ion complex, the equilibrium constant for formation of the complex from the metal ion and base species present in solution. It is a measure of the tendency of the complex to form.

Question 10

amphoteric oxides and hydroxides

Answer 10

slightly soluble in water but dissolve on addition of either acid or base

Question 11

quantitative analysis

Answer 11

determines the presence or absence of a species in a sample

Question 12

qualitative analysis

Answer 12

determines how much of each species is presence